基于模糊规划的含风电系统低碳化经济调度
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摘要
以低碳经济理念为背景,将碳交易机制引入电力系统调度;考虑风力发电的不确定性,将风电出力处理为模糊变量,对含风电系统以不同调度周期进行建模,用正态分布近似计算公式得到了成本均值解析形式,提出了一种基于模糊规划的调度模型;对相关的敏感因子进行分析,研究这些变量对调度结果的影响.将该模型运用到实际系统中进行算例分析,用自适应遗传算法对模型进行求解,结果不仅验证了所提模型的合理性,而且得到了碳交易政策以及相关不确定因素对调度结果的影响,为电力系统的调度决策提供了参考.
In the process of power system production and operation,measures should be taken to limit the emission of pollutants.Meanwhile,the introduction of large-scale intermittent energy brings new problems to power system.Based on the concept of low-carbon economy,carbon trading mechanism is introduced into power system dispatching.Considering the uncertainty of wind power generation,the output of wind power is treated as a fuzzy variable;and the wind power system is modeled with different dispatching cycles.The analytical form of cost average is obtained by using the approximate formula of normal distribution.A dispatching model based on fuzzy programming is proposed.The relevant sensitivity factors are analyzed;and the influence of these variables on the dispatching results is studied.The model is applied to the actual system for case study;and the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the model.The results not only verify the rationality of the proposed model,but also obtain the influence of carbon trading policy and related uncertainties on the dispatching results,so as to provide a reference for the dispatching decision of power systems.
In the process of power system production and operation,measures should be taken to limit the emission of pollutants.Meanwhile,the introduction of large-scale intermittent energy brings new problems to power system.Based on the concept of low-carbon economy,carbon trading mechanism is introduced into power system dispatching.Considering the uncertainty of wind power generation,the output of wind power is treated as a fuzzy variable;and the wind power system is modeled with different dispatching cycles.The analytical form of cost average is obtained by using the approximate formula of normal distribution.A dispatching model based on fuzzy programming is proposed.The relevant sensitivity factors are analyzed;and the influence of these variables on the dispatching results is studied.The model is applied to the actual system for case study;and the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the model.The results not only verify the rationality of the proposed model,but also obtain the influence of carbon trading policy and related uncertainties on the dispatching results,so as to provide a reference for the dispatching decision of power systems.
引文
[1]康重庆,陈启鑫,夏清.低碳电力技术的研究展望[J].电网技术,2009,33(2):1-7.Kang Chongqing,Chen Qixin,Xia Qing.Prospects of low-carbon electricity[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(2):1-7.
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[11]罗莎莎,余欣梅,刘云.碳市场与电能量市场均衡交易分析[J].南方电网技术,2014,8(1):104-108.Luo Shasha,Yu Xinmei,Liu Yun.Analysis of the equilibrium trading between carbon market and electric power market[J].Southern Power System Technology,2014,8(1):104-108.
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[17]Ortega-vazquez M A,Kirschen D S.Estimating the spinning reserve requirements in systems with significant wind power generation penetration[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):114-124.
[18]Albadi M H,El-saadany E F.Comparative study on impacts of wind profiles on thermal units scheduling costs[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2011,5(1):26-35.
[19]刘清珺,陈婷,陈舜琮,等.正态分布积分近似计算公式及其在实验结果判定中的应用[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2009,(3):21-23.Liu Qingjun,Chen Ting,Chen Shuncong,et al.Approximate calculation formula of the normal distribution integral and its application in the determination of experimental results[J].Modern Measurement and Laboratory Management,2009,(3):21-23.
[20]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华.基于机会约束规划的风电穿透功率极限计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):32-35.Lei Yazhou,Wang Weisheng,Yin Yonghua.Wind power penetration limit calculation based on chance constrained programming[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(2):32-35.
[2]陈启鑫,康重庆,夏清.低碳电力调度方式及其决策模型[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(12):18-23.Chen Qixin,Kang Chongqing,Xia Qin.Mechanism and modeling approach to low-carbon power dispatch[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(12):18-23.
[3]IPCC.Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2005.
[4]Sirikum J,Techanitisawad A,Kachitvichyanukul V.A new efficient GA-benders decomposition method for power generation expansion planning with emission controls[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2007,22(3):1092-1100.
[5]娄素华,胡斌,吴耀武,等.碳交易环境下含大规模光伏电源的电力系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):91-96.Lou Suhua,Hu Bin,Wu Yaowu,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system integrated with large scale photovoltaic generation under carbon trading environment[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):91-96.
[6]Ji Zhen,Kang Chongqing,Chen Qixin,et al.Lowcarbon power system dispatch incorporating carbon capture power plants[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(4):4615-4623.
[7]赵俊华,文福拴,薛禹胜,等.计及电动汽车和风电出力不确定性的随机经济调度[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(20):22-29.Zhao Junhua,Wen Fushuan,Xue Yusheng,et al.Power system stochastic economic dispatch considering uncertain outputs from plug-in electric vehicles and wind generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(20):22-29.
[8]马瑞,康仁,姜飞,等.考虑风电随机模糊不确定性的电力系统多目标优化调度计划研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(1):150-156.Ma Rui,Kang Ren,Jiang Fei,et al.Multi-objective dispatch planning of power system considering the stochastic and fuzzy wind power[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013,41(1):150-156.
[9]周玮,孙辉,顾宏.计及风险备用约束的含风电场电力系统动态经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):47-55.Zhou Wei,Sun Hui,Gu Hong.Dynamic economic dispatch of wind integrated power systems based on risk reserve constraints[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):47-55.
[10]金小明,陈皓勇,禤培正,等.考虑间歇新能源的电源-负荷协同调度模型与策略[J].南方电网技术,2015,9(5):2-6.Jin Xiaoming,Chen Haoyong,Xuan Pengzheng,et al.Model and strategy of source-load coordinated dispatch considering intermittent renewable energy[J].Southern Power System Technology,2015,9(5):2-6.
[11]罗莎莎,余欣梅,刘云.碳市场与电能量市场均衡交易分析[J].南方电网技术,2014,8(1):104-108.Luo Shasha,Yu Xinmei,Liu Yun.Analysis of the equilibrium trading between carbon market and electric power market[J].Southern Power System Technology,2014,8(1):104-108.
[12]UNGA.Kyoto protocol to the united nations framework convention on climate change[EB/OL].[2013-0812].http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php.
[13]张晓辉,闫柯柯,卢志刚,等.基于碳交易的含风电系统低碳经济调度[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2697-2704.Zhang Xiaohui,Yan Keke,Lu Zhigang,et al.Carbon trading based low-carbon economic dispatching for power grid integrated with wind power system[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2697-2704.
[14]冉晓洪,苗世洪,刘阳升,等.考虑风光荷联合作用下的电力系统经济调度建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(16):2552-2560.Ran Xiaohong,Miao Shihong,Liu Yangsheng,et al.Modeling of economic dispatch of power system considering joint effects wind power,solar energy and load[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(16):2552-2560.
[15]Hodge B M,Milligan M.Wind power forcasting error distributions over multiple timescales[C]//Proceedings of Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,Detroit,MI,USA.
[16]Bouffard F,Galiana F D.Stochastic security for operations planning with significant wind power generation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2008,23(2):306-316.
[17]Ortega-vazquez M A,Kirschen D S.Estimating the spinning reserve requirements in systems with significant wind power generation penetration[J].IEEETransactions on Power Systems,2009,24(1):114-124.
[18]Albadi M H,El-saadany E F.Comparative study on impacts of wind profiles on thermal units scheduling costs[J].IET Renewable Power Generation,2011,5(1):26-35.
[19]刘清珺,陈婷,陈舜琮,等.正态分布积分近似计算公式及其在实验结果判定中的应用[J].现代测量与实验室管理,2009,(3):21-23.Liu Qingjun,Chen Ting,Chen Shuncong,et al.Approximate calculation formula of the normal distribution integral and its application in the determination of experimental results[J].Modern Measurement and Laboratory Management,2009,(3):21-23.
[20]雷亚洲,王伟胜,印永华.基于机会约束规划的风电穿透功率极限计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):32-35.Lei Yazhou,Wang Weisheng,Yin Yonghua.Wind power penetration limit calculation based on chance constrained programming[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(2):32-35.