大学生体育锻炼、合理饮食对健康的影响
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摘要
随着人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的人面临着亚健康的问题,而亚健康的改善与体育锻炼、合理饮食是密不可分的。大学生是一个特殊的群体,心智处于成熟与未成熟的过度时期,对于自我的调节能力不够完善,使大学生时期成为各种心理问题和身体问题最容易出现的高发期。而体育锻炼与合理饮食对于改善大学生健康问题有着至关重要的作用,合理饮食是健康的基石,而体育锻炼则是固本培元,两者相辅相成,缺一不可。因此本文综述了体育锻炼与合理饮食对于健康的影响与作用,以期为大学生如何拥有健康的体魄提供参考。
With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are facing sub-health problems, and the improvement of sub-health is inseparable from physical exercise and reasonable diet. College students are a special group. The mind is in an excessive period of maturity and immature. The ability to adjust the self is not perfect, making the college students become the most prone period of various psychological problems and physical problems. Physical exercise and reasonable diet play an important role in improving the health of college students. Reasonable diet is the cornerstone of health, while physical exercise is the foundation of the culture, both complement each other and are indispensable. Therefore, this paper summarized the influence and function of physical exercise and reasonable diet on health, in order to provide references for college students how to have a healthy body.
With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are facing sub-health problems, and the improvement of sub-health is inseparable from physical exercise and reasonable diet. College students are a special group. The mind is in an excessive period of maturity and immature. The ability to adjust the self is not perfect, making the college students become the most prone period of various psychological problems and physical problems. Physical exercise and reasonable diet play an important role in improving the health of college students. Reasonable diet is the cornerstone of health, while physical exercise is the foundation of the culture, both complement each other and are indispensable. Therefore, this paper summarized the influence and function of physical exercise and reasonable diet on health, in order to provide references for college students how to have a healthy body.
引文
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[3]Xu CQ,Feng H,Xing XY,et al.Study on effects of selecting acupoints based on syndrome differentiation of moxibustion for life quality of college students with sub-health state[J].Chin J Inf Trad Chin Med,2018,25(10):27-30.
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[12]Chen G,Xie M,Wan P,et al.Digestion under saliva,simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea[J].Food Chem,2018,244:331-339.
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[15]Toschi-Dias E,Trombetta IC,Silva VJD,et al.Diet associated with exercise improves baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea patients[J].Sleep Breath,2019,23:143-151.
[16]黄灵燕,刘宇.运动对预防疾病、延长寿命及降低死亡率的量化研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):99.Huang LY,Liu Y.Quantitative study of sports on disease prevention,life extension and mortality reduction[J].China Sports Sci,2013,33(9):99.
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[20]Quindry JC,Franklin BA.Cardioprotective exercise and pharmacologic interventions as complementary antidotes to cardiovascular disease[J].Exerc Sport Sci Rev,2018,46(1):5-17.
[21]Blundell JE,Gibbons C,Caudwell P,et al.Appetite control and energy balance:Impact of exercise[J].Obesity Rev,2015,16:67-76.
[22]Daly RM.Exercise and nutritional approaches to prevent frail bones,falls and fractures:An update[J].Climacteric,2017,20(2):119-124.
[23]McTiernan A.Cancer prevention and management through exercise and weight control[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2016.
[24]胡振禹,黄希斌,郭建忠.新《国家学生体质健康标准》实施对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响[J].体育科技,2015,36(6):129-130.Hu ZY,Huang XB,Guo JZ.Influence of the implementation of the new National student physical health standard on college students'physical exercise behavior[J].Sports Sci Technol,2015,36(6):129-130.
[25]陆敏仪.体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响[J].当代体育科技,2015,5(27):102-103.Lu MY.Effects of physical exercise on college students'mental health[J].Contemp Sports Sci Technol,2015,5(27):102-103.
[26]佟远堂,段东平.体育运动对大学生心理健康的影响研究[J].华章,2013,(17):302-303.Tong YT,Duan DP.Research on the influence of physical exercise on college students'mental health[J].Hua Zhang,2013,(17):302-303.
[27]李文霞.体育疗法在大学生失恋心理障碍中的干预研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2010.Li WX.Research on the intervention of sports therapy in the psychological disorder of college students'lovelorn[D].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University,2010.
[28]陈薇.运动与戒烟的国外研究评述[J].运动,2011,(9):148-149.Chen W.Review of foreign studies on exercise and smoking cessation[J].Sport,2011,(9):148-149.
[29]Floud R,Fogel RW,Harris B,et al.The changing body:Health,nutrition,and human development in the western world since 1700[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011.
[30]Ejaz MS,Latif N.Stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished children[J].JPMA,2010,60:543.
[31]卢向礼."95后"大学新生入学适应的问题[J].文学教育,2017,(8):142-143.Lu XL."Post-1995"college freshmen orientation problems[J].Literat Educ,2017,(8):142-143.
[32]Pribis P,Burtnack CA,McKenzie SO,et al.Trends in body fat,body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students[J].Nutrients,2010,2(10):1075-1085.
[33]Abraham S,Noriega BR,Shin JY.College students eating habits and knowledge of nutritional requirements[J].J Nutr Hum Health,2018,2(1):13-17.
[34]Spronk I,Kullen C,Burdon C,et al.Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake[J].Brit J Nutr,2014,111(10):1713-1726.
[35]Ha SA,Lee SY,Kim KA,et al.Eating habits,physical activity,nutrition knowledge,and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students[J].Nutr Res Pract,2016,10(6):597-605.
[36]王大鹏.大学生身体素质提高与所需营养探析[J].河北体育学院学报,2001,15(3):70-71.Wang DP.Analysis of raising college students'physical quality and the nourishment needed[J].J Hebei Inst Phys Educ,2001,15(3):70-71.
[37]张泽丹,刘国礼.大学生膳食营养状况的调查研究[J].中国初级卫生保健,2003,17(4):66-67.Zhang ZD,Liu GL.Analysis on the survey of the nutrition in university students[J].Chin Primary Health Care,2003,17(4):66-67.
[38]Zhang XL,Lv XH.Study the present situation on diet and physical activity of college students[J].Mod Prev Med,2010,37(5):826-830.
[39]裴婷娜.大学生膳食营养存在问题的分析与对策[J].锦州医科大学学报,2008,29(3):246-248.Pei TN.Analysis and countermeasures of existing problems in college students'dietary nutrition[J].J Jinzhou Med Univ,2008,29(3):246-248.
[40]葛可佑,杨晓光,程义勇.平衡膳食合理营养促进健康--解读《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》[J].中国食物与营养,2008,(5):58-61.Ge KY,Yang XG,Cheng YY.Balanced diet,reasonable nutrition and health promotion--interpretation of dietary guidelines for Chinese residents(2007)[J].Food Nutr China,2008,(5):58-61.
[41]Kumar V,Sinha AK,Makkar HPS,et al.Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition:A review[J].Food Chem,2010,120(4):945-959.
[42]Lundberg JO,Carlstr?m M,Larsen FJ,et al.Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease[J].Cardiovasc Res,2010,89(3):525-532.
[43]Rizvi S,Raza ST,Ahmed F,et al.The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases[J].Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J,2014,14(2):e157.
[44]Brownlee IA.The physiological roles of dietary fibre[J].Food Hydrocoll,2011,25(2):238-250.
[45]Forbes GB.Human body composition:Growth,aging,nutrition,and activity[M].New York:Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[46]Lin AL,Fox PT,Hardies J,et al.Nonlinear coupling between cerebral blood flow,oxygen consumption,and ATP production in human visual cortex[J].Proceed Nat Acad Sci,2010,107(18):8446-8451.
[47]Hasanein P,Shahidi S.Effects of combined treatment with vitamins C and E on passive avoidance learning and memory in diabetic rats[J].Neurobiol Learn Memory,2010,93(4):472-478.
[48]Huang Y.Research on the speed skaters'rational nutrition based on scientific training[J].Open Cybernet System J,2015,9:1950-1955.
[49]Costill DL,Miller JM.Nutrition for endurance sport:carbohydrate and fluid balance[J].Int J Sports Med,1980,1(1):2-14.
[2]Tan J,Lei J,Shi M,et al.Cross-sectional survey on sub-health status of college students in a medical school of Shaanxi Province in 2016[C].2018 9th International Conference on Information Technology in Medicine and Education(ITME).IEEE,2018.
[3]Xu CQ,Feng H,Xing XY,et al.Study on effects of selecting acupoints based on syndrome differentiation of moxibustion for life quality of college students with sub-health state[J].Chin J Inf Trad Chin Med,2018,25(10):27-30.
[4]Zivin K,Eisenberg D,Gollust SE,et al.Persistence of mental health problems and needs in a college student population[J].J Affect Dis,2009,117(3):180-185.
[5]Victoria declaration on heart health[C].National Center for Biotechnology Information,1992.
[6]杨则宜.生命在于运动和营养:规律运动合理营养创建健康生活方式[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.Yang ZY.Life lies in sports and nutrition:Regular exercise and reasonable nutrition create a healthy lifestyle[M].Beijing:Beijing Sports University Press,2006.
[7]惠志东,赵海龙.学校体育工作的再思考--基于第6次全国学生体质与健康调研报告的反思[J].中国成人教育,2011,(23):65-67.Hui ZD,Zhao HL.Rethinking of school sports work--based on the 6th national survey report on students'physique and health[J].China Adult Educ,2011,(23):65-67.
[8]Assaraf BZ.High school students’understanding of the human body system[J].Res Sci Educ,2013,43(1):33-56.
[9]Febbraio MA.Exercise metabolism in 2016:Health benefits of exercise-more than meets the eye![J].Nat Rev Endocrinol,2017,13(2):72.
[10]Ionescu CM.The human respiratory system[M].London:The Human Respiratory System Springer,2013.
[11]励建安.呼吸系统疾病运动与康复进展[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(3):304-305.Li JA.Progress in respiratory disease movement and rehabilitation[J].Chin J Sports Med,2000,19(3):304-305.
[12]Chen G,Xie M,Wan P,et al.Digestion under saliva,simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions and fermentation in vitro by human intestinal microbiota of polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea[J].Food Chem,2018,244:331-339.
[13]钱可大,昂健.体育运动和体育锻炼对消化系统及消化系统疾病的影响[J].浙江医学,2002,24(5):315-317.Qian KD,Ang J.Effects of sports and physical exercise on digestive system and digestive diseases[J].Zhejiang Med J,2002,24(5):315-317.
[14]黄志雄.简介《人的神经系统》的教学[J].湖南教育,1989,(Z1):72-73.Huang ZX.Introduction to the teaching of human nervous system[J].Hunan Educ Rev,1989,(Z1):72-73.
[15]Toschi-Dias E,Trombetta IC,Silva VJD,et al.Diet associated with exercise improves baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in metabolic syndrome and sleep apnea patients[J].Sleep Breath,2019,23:143-151.
[16]黄灵燕,刘宇.运动对预防疾病、延长寿命及降低死亡率的量化研究[J].体育科学,2013,33(9):99.Huang LY,Liu Y.Quantitative study of sports on disease prevention,life extension and mortality reduction[J].China Sports Sci,2013,33(9):99.
[17]Benjamin EJ,Virani SS,Callaway CW,et al.Forecasting the future of cardiovascular disease in the United States:A policy statement from the American heart association[J].Circulation,2018,137(12):e67-e492.
[18]陈伟伟,高润霖,刘力生,等.《中国心血管病报告2017》概要[J].中国循环杂志,2018,33:1-8.Chen WW,Gao RL,Liu LS,et al.Summary of China cardiovascular disease report 2017[J].Chin Circul J,2018,33:1-8.
[19]张良佐.心血管病对健康的危害[J].家庭医学:新健康,2008,(6):47.Zhang LZ.Health hazards of cardiovascular diseases[J].Family Med:New Health,2008,(6):47.
[20]Quindry JC,Franklin BA.Cardioprotective exercise and pharmacologic interventions as complementary antidotes to cardiovascular disease[J].Exerc Sport Sci Rev,2018,46(1):5-17.
[21]Blundell JE,Gibbons C,Caudwell P,et al.Appetite control and energy balance:Impact of exercise[J].Obesity Rev,2015,16:67-76.
[22]Daly RM.Exercise and nutritional approaches to prevent frail bones,falls and fractures:An update[J].Climacteric,2017,20(2):119-124.
[23]McTiernan A.Cancer prevention and management through exercise and weight control[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2016.
[24]胡振禹,黄希斌,郭建忠.新《国家学生体质健康标准》实施对大学生体育锻炼行为的影响[J].体育科技,2015,36(6):129-130.Hu ZY,Huang XB,Guo JZ.Influence of the implementation of the new National student physical health standard on college students'physical exercise behavior[J].Sports Sci Technol,2015,36(6):129-130.
[25]陆敏仪.体育锻炼对大学生心理健康的影响[J].当代体育科技,2015,5(27):102-103.Lu MY.Effects of physical exercise on college students'mental health[J].Contemp Sports Sci Technol,2015,5(27):102-103.
[26]佟远堂,段东平.体育运动对大学生心理健康的影响研究[J].华章,2013,(17):302-303.Tong YT,Duan DP.Research on the influence of physical exercise on college students'mental health[J].Hua Zhang,2013,(17):302-303.
[27]李文霞.体育疗法在大学生失恋心理障碍中的干预研究[D].桂林:广西师范大学,2010.Li WX.Research on the intervention of sports therapy in the psychological disorder of college students'lovelorn[D].Guilin:Guangxi Normal University,2010.
[28]陈薇.运动与戒烟的国外研究评述[J].运动,2011,(9):148-149.Chen W.Review of foreign studies on exercise and smoking cessation[J].Sport,2011,(9):148-149.
[29]Floud R,Fogel RW,Harris B,et al.The changing body:Health,nutrition,and human development in the western world since 1700[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2011.
[30]Ejaz MS,Latif N.Stunting and micronutrient deficiencies in malnourished children[J].JPMA,2010,60:543.
[31]卢向礼."95后"大学新生入学适应的问题[J].文学教育,2017,(8):142-143.Lu XL."Post-1995"college freshmen orientation problems[J].Literat Educ,2017,(8):142-143.
[32]Pribis P,Burtnack CA,McKenzie SO,et al.Trends in body fat,body mass index and physical fitness among male and female college students[J].Nutrients,2010,2(10):1075-1085.
[33]Abraham S,Noriega BR,Shin JY.College students eating habits and knowledge of nutritional requirements[J].J Nutr Hum Health,2018,2(1):13-17.
[34]Spronk I,Kullen C,Burdon C,et al.Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake[J].Brit J Nutr,2014,111(10):1713-1726.
[35]Ha SA,Lee SY,Kim KA,et al.Eating habits,physical activity,nutrition knowledge,and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students[J].Nutr Res Pract,2016,10(6):597-605.
[36]王大鹏.大学生身体素质提高与所需营养探析[J].河北体育学院学报,2001,15(3):70-71.Wang DP.Analysis of raising college students'physical quality and the nourishment needed[J].J Hebei Inst Phys Educ,2001,15(3):70-71.
[37]张泽丹,刘国礼.大学生膳食营养状况的调查研究[J].中国初级卫生保健,2003,17(4):66-67.Zhang ZD,Liu GL.Analysis on the survey of the nutrition in university students[J].Chin Primary Health Care,2003,17(4):66-67.
[38]Zhang XL,Lv XH.Study the present situation on diet and physical activity of college students[J].Mod Prev Med,2010,37(5):826-830.
[39]裴婷娜.大学生膳食营养存在问题的分析与对策[J].锦州医科大学学报,2008,29(3):246-248.Pei TN.Analysis and countermeasures of existing problems in college students'dietary nutrition[J].J Jinzhou Med Univ,2008,29(3):246-248.
[40]葛可佑,杨晓光,程义勇.平衡膳食合理营养促进健康--解读《中国居民膳食指南(2007)》[J].中国食物与营养,2008,(5):58-61.Ge KY,Yang XG,Cheng YY.Balanced diet,reasonable nutrition and health promotion--interpretation of dietary guidelines for Chinese residents(2007)[J].Food Nutr China,2008,(5):58-61.
[41]Kumar V,Sinha AK,Makkar HPS,et al.Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition:A review[J].Food Chem,2010,120(4):945-959.
[42]Lundberg JO,Carlstr?m M,Larsen FJ,et al.Roles of dietary inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health and disease[J].Cardiovasc Res,2010,89(3):525-532.
[43]Rizvi S,Raza ST,Ahmed F,et al.The role of vitamin E in human health and some diseases[J].Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J,2014,14(2):e157.
[44]Brownlee IA.The physiological roles of dietary fibre[J].Food Hydrocoll,2011,25(2):238-250.
[45]Forbes GB.Human body composition:Growth,aging,nutrition,and activity[M].New York:Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[46]Lin AL,Fox PT,Hardies J,et al.Nonlinear coupling between cerebral blood flow,oxygen consumption,and ATP production in human visual cortex[J].Proceed Nat Acad Sci,2010,107(18):8446-8451.
[47]Hasanein P,Shahidi S.Effects of combined treatment with vitamins C and E on passive avoidance learning and memory in diabetic rats[J].Neurobiol Learn Memory,2010,93(4):472-478.
[48]Huang Y.Research on the speed skaters'rational nutrition based on scientific training[J].Open Cybernet System J,2015,9:1950-1955.
[49]Costill DL,Miller JM.Nutrition for endurance sport:carbohydrate and fluid balance[J].Int J Sports Med,1980,1(1):2-14.