石灰、粉煤灰改性对盐渍土吸附石油污染物行为的影响
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摘要
有效调控污染物的运移是实现污染土工程再利用的前提。考虑石油污染盐渍土的特殊性及工程利用的力学需求,优选石灰和粉煤灰为改性材料,结合静态动态试验,研究石灰和粉煤灰对滨海盐渍土中石油污染物的吸附解吸行为的影响。结果表明:单独的石灰和粉煤灰,对石油污染物的吸附率分别为26%和14%,两者联合作用时,吸附率提高到39%,在盐渍土中加入石灰和粉煤灰可有效提高对石油污染物的吸附量,加快吸附稳定速率;盐渍土、石灰+盐渍土、粉煤灰+盐渍土、石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土对石油的吸附动力学均符合Lagergren二级动力学非线性方程,联合作用可使吸附平衡时间由400min缩短至60min;石灰、粉煤灰有利于吸附赋存于土颗粒孔隙中未被盐渍土颗粒吸附的呈自由态的石油;盐渍土、石灰+盐渍土、粉煤灰+盐渍土、石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土对石油污染物的吸附等温线均为非线性Freundlich模式;石油被解吸的能力依次为盐渍土>粉煤灰+盐渍土>石灰+盐渍土>石灰+粉煤灰+盐渍土,石灰+粉煤灰对石油污染物的吸附以化学吸附为主,具有不可逆性,有助于缓解环境温度的影响,增强稳定性。
Control of pollutant migration is the prerequisite for the reuse of contaminated soil.Considering the properties of contaminated saline soil and the mechanical demand in engineering utilization,lime and fly ash were chosen optimally as treated materials.The influence of lime and fly ash on adsorption-desorption behaviors of oil contamination in inshore saline soil were studied via static and dynamic tests.Results indicate that:under the individual action of lime and fly ash,the oil adsorption rate is increased by 26%and14%,respectively,and it increases by 39% as combine.As a conclusion,lime and fly ash can effectively increase adsorption rate and improve adsorption rate of oil contamination.Adsorption kinetics of saline soil,lime+saline soil,fly ash+saline soil,lime+fly ash+saline soil on oil contamination conform to the dynamic nonlinear equation of Lagergren second-level dynamics.The adsorption equilibrium time of saline soil was 400 min and it reduced to 60 min for lime and fly ash.Lime and fly ash is beneficial to adsorb the free oil which cannot be adsorbed by saline soil.The adsorption isotherms of saline soil,lime+saline soil,fly ash+saline soil,lime+fly ash+saline soil are non-linear Freundlich models.Adsorption of oil contamination for lime+fly ash is an irreversible chemical process,which can help to reduce the influence of ambient temperature and enhance stability.
Control of pollutant migration is the prerequisite for the reuse of contaminated soil.Considering the properties of contaminated saline soil and the mechanical demand in engineering utilization,lime and fly ash were chosen optimally as treated materials.The influence of lime and fly ash on adsorption-desorption behaviors of oil contamination in inshore saline soil were studied via static and dynamic tests.Results indicate that:under the individual action of lime and fly ash,the oil adsorption rate is increased by 26%and14%,respectively,and it increases by 39% as combine.As a conclusion,lime and fly ash can effectively increase adsorption rate and improve adsorption rate of oil contamination.Adsorption kinetics of saline soil,lime+saline soil,fly ash+saline soil,lime+fly ash+saline soil on oil contamination conform to the dynamic nonlinear equation of Lagergren second-level dynamics.The adsorption equilibrium time of saline soil was 400 min and it reduced to 60 min for lime and fly ash.Lime and fly ash is beneficial to adsorb the free oil which cannot be adsorbed by saline soil.The adsorption isotherms of saline soil,lime+saline soil,fly ash+saline soil,lime+fly ash+saline soil are non-linear Freundlich models.Adsorption of oil contamination for lime+fly ash is an irreversible chemical process,which can help to reduce the influence of ambient temperature and enhance stability.
引文
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[19]周光红,项学敏,李厚芬等.粉煤灰对水溶液中磷的吸附性能及机理[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2600-2606.ZHOU G H,XIANG W M,LI H F,et al.Adsorption performance and mechanism of phosphorus in aqueous solution with fly ash[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(8):2600-2606.(in Chinese)
[20]晁晓波,赵文谦,张萍.石油从泥沙上解吸的特性研究[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(4):49-53.CHAO X B,ZHAO W Q,ZHANG P.Desorption properties of oil on sediment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1997,17(4):49-53.(in Chinese)
[2]OSTROM M,TREEX M J,TARAKOVSKY G D,et al.Three-dimension of volatile organic compound mass flux from the vodose zone to ground[J].Water Monitoring&Remediation,2010,30(3):45-46.
[3]张丹,姜林,夏天翔,等.土壤-地下水系统中石油烃的迁移和生物降解述评[J].环境工程,2015(7):1-6,11.ZHANG D,JIANG L,XIA T X,et al.The migration and biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soilsgroungwater system:A review[J].Environmental Engineering,2015(7):1-6,11.(in Chinese)
[4]刘晓艳,李英丽,朱谦雅,等.石油类污染物在土壤中的吸附/解吸机理研究及展望[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2007,26(1):82-87.LIU X Y,LI Y L,ZHU Q Y,et al.Research on the mechanism of the adsorption/desorption of petroleum pollutants in soils and its prospective[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2007,26(1):82-87.(in Chinese)
[5]解岳,黄廷林,王志盈,等.河流沉积物中石油类污染物吸附与释放规律的实验研究[J].环境工程,2000,18(3):59-67.XIE Y,HUANG T L,WANG Z Y,et al.An experimental study of petroleum pollutant’s adsorption on and release from river sediments[J].Environmental Engineering,2000,18(3):59-67.(in Chinese)
[6]李国玉,马巍,穆彦虎,等.多年冻土区石油污染物迁移过程试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(Sup1):83-89.LI G Y,MA W,MU Y H,et al.Experimental study of migrating process of oil contaminants in permafrost regions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(Sup1):83-89.(in Chinese)
[7]AL-RAWAS A,HASSAN H F,TAHA R,et al.Stabilization of oil-contaminated soils using cement and cement by-pass dust[J].Management of Environmental Quality,2005,16(6):670-680.
[8]孙清,陆秀君,梁成华.土壤的石油污染研究进展[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2002,33(5):390-393.SUN Q,LU X J,LIANG C H.Progress on contamination of soils by petroleum[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2002,33(5):390-393.(in Chinese)
[9]潘峰,陈丽华,付素静,等.石油类污染物在陇东黄土塬区土壤中迁移的模拟试验研究[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):410-418.PAN F,CHEN L H,FU S J,et al.A Study on the transport performance of the petroleum contaminants in soil of the Longdong Loess plateal[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):410-418.(in Chinese)
[10]史红星.石油类污染物在黄土高原地区环境中迁移转化规律的研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2001.SHI H X.Research on the migration and transformation of petroleum pollutants in the Loess Plateau[D].Xi’an:Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2001.(in Chinese)
[11]高翀.石油类污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008.GAO C.Study on Adsorption and desorption of petroleum pollutants in soil[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.(in Chinese)
[12]楚伟华.石油污染物在土壤中迁移及转化研究[D].黑龙江大庆:大庆石油学院,2006.CHU W H.Study on the migration and conversion of petroleum pollutants in soil[D].Daqing,Heilongjiang:Daqing Petroleum Institute,2006.(in Chinese)
[13]曹晓燕,韩辉,杨桂朋.SDBS对重油在胶州湾沉积物上吸附行为的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3011-3017.CAO X Y,HAN H,YANG G P.Influence of SDBS on sorption behaviors of heavy oil on Jiaozhou Bay sediment[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(10):3011-3017.(in Chinese)
[14]WALTER T,EDERER H J,FORST C,et al.Sorption of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soils in oil-contaminated systems[J].Chemosphere,2000,41(3):387-397.
[15]申圆圆,王文科,李春荣.不同介质中石油污染物吸附过程的动力学及热力学研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(9):5442-5445.SHEN Y Y,WANG W K,LI C R.Study on kinetics and thermodynamics of petroleum adsorption onto the different media[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(9):5442-5445.(in Chinese)
[16]GABORIAU H,SADA A.Influence of heavy organic pollutants of anthropic origin on PAH retention by kaolinite[J].Chemosphere,2001,44(7):1633-1639.
[17]LI M,CHAI S X,DU H P.Effect of chlorine salt on the physical and mechanical properties of inshore[J].Soils and Foundations,2016,56(3):327-335.
[18]郭常颖,赵鹏程,肖靖.几种吸附材料在含油废水处理中的应用[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(3):96-102.GUO C Y,ZHAO P C,XIAO J.Application of several absorbing material to treated oil wastewater[J].Environment al Science and Management,2010,35(3):96-102.(in Chinese)
[19]周光红,项学敏,李厚芬等.粉煤灰对水溶液中磷的吸附性能及机理[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2600-2606.ZHOU G H,XIANG W M,LI H F,et al.Adsorption performance and mechanism of phosphorus in aqueous solution with fly ash[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(8):2600-2606.(in Chinese)
[20]晁晓波,赵文谦,张萍.石油从泥沙上解吸的特性研究[J].环境科学学报,1997,17(4):49-53.CHAO X B,ZHAO W Q,ZHANG P.Desorption properties of oil on sediment[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,1997,17(4):49-53.(in Chinese)