水生生物光合作用对雪玉洞岩溶水体中CDOM的影响
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摘要
溶解有机质(DOM)作为岩溶水体碳汇的重要组成部分,其来源、分布和迁移变化对研究岩溶碳汇的组成、结构和通量具有重要意义,其组成和结构特征常用有色溶解有机质(CDOM)反演.本研究于旱季每月采集重庆雪玉洞洞内地下水和洞外地表水,通过地下河从洞内向洞外的流动过程中水化学和CDOM光谱特性的变化,分析CDOM的变化影响因素,为研究岩溶水体DOM碳汇通量提供理论基础.结果表明:(1)雪玉洞岩溶水中CDOM以小分子易降解的内源有机质为主,类色氨酸和类酪氨酸组分占60%以上;(2)雪玉洞地下水中的CDOM主要受地下水微生物的降解作用影响,地下水流动过程中有少量易降解有机质被微生物降解,TOC和DOC含量略有降低,CDOM腐殖化程度略有增强;(3)雪玉洞地表水CDOM主要受水池中水生植物光合作用控制,水生植物生长处TOC和DOC含量明显升高,CDOM内源特征和小分子组分明显增多.
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in karst water is one of the most important carbon sink components,whose origins,distributions,and transport processes are of significance to carbon sink studies. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) can be utilized to express the composition and structural properties of DOM. In this paper,water samples were collected monthly from Xueyu Cave in a karst underground river from both inside and outside the cave. The changes in hydrochemistry and CDOM spectral characteristics as well as the influencing factors for CDOM changes were studied,with the aim of providing experimental support for carbon sink fluxes in karst processes. The main results were as follows. (1) The dominant type of CDOM in Xueyu Cave karst water consisted of small molecular weight organic matter that was autochthonously derived and easily bio-degraded,and the tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components accounted for more than 60% of the total CDOM. (2) The most effective influencing factor inside the cave was microbes,which degraded the small molecular DOM in groundwater and induced slight decreases in the TOC and DOC concentrations; they also increased the humic index(HIX). (3) However,the dominant factor outside the cave was submerged aquatic plant photosynthesis,which induced significant increases in the TOC and DOC concentrations and autochthonous small molecular weight DOM contents.
Dissolved organic matter(DOM) in karst water is one of the most important carbon sink components,whose origins,distributions,and transport processes are of significance to carbon sink studies. Chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) can be utilized to express the composition and structural properties of DOM. In this paper,water samples were collected monthly from Xueyu Cave in a karst underground river from both inside and outside the cave. The changes in hydrochemistry and CDOM spectral characteristics as well as the influencing factors for CDOM changes were studied,with the aim of providing experimental support for carbon sink fluxes in karst processes. The main results were as follows. (1) The dominant type of CDOM in Xueyu Cave karst water consisted of small molecular weight organic matter that was autochthonously derived and easily bio-degraded,and the tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components accounted for more than 60% of the total CDOM. (2) The most effective influencing factor inside the cave was microbes,which degraded the small molecular DOM in groundwater and induced slight decreases in the TOC and DOC concentrations; they also increased the humic index(HIX). (3) However,the dominant factor outside the cave was submerged aquatic plant photosynthesis,which induced significant increases in the TOC and DOC concentrations and autochthonous small molecular weight DOM contents.
引文
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[6] Nimick D A,Gammons C H,Parker S R. Diel biogeochemical processes and their effect on the aqueous chemistry of streams:a review[J]. Chemical Geology,2011,283(1-2):3-17.
[7] Liu Z H,Dreybrodt W,Liu H. Atmospheric CO2sink:silicate weathering or carbonate weathering?[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2011,26(S1):S292-S294.
[8] Yang R,Chen B,Liu H,et al. Carbon sequestration and decreased CO2emission caused by terrestrial aquatic photosynthesis:insights from diel hydrochemical variations in an epikarst spring and two spring-fed ponds in different seasons[J].Applied Geochemistry,2015,63:248-260.
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[11]蒋忠诚,袁道先,曹建华,等.中国岩溶碳汇潜力研究[J].地球学报,2012,33(2):129-134.Jiang Z C,Yuan D X,Cao J H,et al. A study of carbon sink capacity of karst processes in China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2012,33(2):129-134.
[12] Liu Z H,Li Q,Sun H L,et al. Seasonal,diurnal and stormscale hydrochemical variations of typical epikarst springs in subtropical karst areas of SW China:Soil CO2and dilution effects[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2007,337(1-2):207-223.
[13] Curl R L. Carbon shifted but not sequestered[J]. Science,2012,335(6069):655.
[14] Hopmans E C,Weijers J W H,Schefu? E,et al. A novel proxy for terrestrial organic matter in sediments based on branched and isoprenoid tetraether lipids[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2004,224(1-2):107-116.
[15] Bostrm B,Comstedt D,Ekblad A,et al. Isotope fractionation and13C enrichment in soil profiles during the decomposition of soil organic matter[J]. Oecologia,2007,153(1):89-98.
[16]傅平青,吴丰昌,刘丛强,等.高原湖泊溶解有机质的三维荧光光谱特性初步研究[J].海洋与湖沼,2007,38(6):512-520.Fu P Q,Wu F C,Liu C Q,et al. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy of dissolved organic matter from Chinese highland lakes[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2007,38(6):512-520.
[17]吕现福,孙玉川,贺秋芳,等.重庆雪玉洞地下河溶解态脂肪酸来源解析及变化特征[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):918-924.LüX F, Sun Y C, He Q F, et al. Source and variation characteristics of dissolved fatty acids in Xueyu Cave underground river,Chongqing,China[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(3):918-924.
[18] Bricaud A,Morel A,Prieur L. Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea(Yellow Substance)in the UV and visible domains[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(1):43-53.
[19] Stedmon C A,Markager S. Resolving the variability in dissolved organic matter fluorescence in a temperate estuary and its catchment using PARAFAC analysis[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2005,50(2):686-697.
[20] Helms J R,Stubbins A,Ritchie J D,et al. Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight,source,and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2008,53(3):955-969.
[21]何小松,张慧,黄彩红,等.地下水中溶解性有机物的垂直分布特征及成因[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3813-3820.He X X,Zhang H,Huang C H,et al. Vertical distribution characteristics of dissolved organic matter in groundwater and its cause[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3813-3820.
[22] Fellman J B, Hood E, Spencer R G M. Fluorescence spectroscopy opens new windows into dissolved organic matter dynamics in freshwater ecosystems:a review[J]. Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55(6):2452-2462.
[23]程远月,王帅龙,胡水波,等.海草生态系中DOM的三维荧光光谱特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(1):141-145.Cheng Y Y,Wang S L, Hu S B, et al. The fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in the seagrass ecosystem from Hainan by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2015,35(1):141-145.
[24] Huguet A,Vacher L,Relexans S,et al. Properties of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Gironde Estuary[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2009,40(6):706-719.
[25] Parlanti E,Wrz K,Geoffroy L,et al. Dissolved organic matter fluorescence spectroscopy as a tool to estimate biological activity in a coastal zone submitted to anthropogenic inputs[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2000,31(12):1765-1781.
[26]刘文,蒲俊兵,于奭,等.广西五里峡水库夏季溶解无机碳行为的初步研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(8):2959-2966.Liu W,Pu J B,Yu S,et al. Preliminary research on the feature of dissolved inorganic carbon in Wulixia Reservoir in summer,Guangxi,China[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(8):2959-2966.
[27]卢晓漩,李强,靳振江,等.桂林五里峡水库丰水期溶解有机碳特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2075-2085.Lu X X, Li Q, Jin Z J, et al. Water chemistry and characteristics of dissolved organic carbon during the wet season in Wulixia Reservoir,SW China[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2075-2085.
[28] Birdwell J E,Engel A S. Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2010,41(3):270-280.
[29]卢晓漩,彭文杰,李强,等.岩溶区水库冬季溶解有机质组成特征及来源:以桂林五里峡水库为例[J].环境科学,2017,38(10):4120-4129.Lu X X,Peng W J,Li Q,et al. Distinguishing the properties and sources of the dissolved organic matter in karst reservoir water during winter using three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum technology:a case study in Wulixia reservoir of Guangxi Province[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(10):4120-4129.
[30] Chen J,Le Boeuf E J,Dai S,et al. Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of natural organic matter fractions[J]. Chemosphere,2003,50(5):639-647.
[31] Mudarra M,Andreo B,Baker A. Characterisation of dissolved organic matter in karst spring waters using intrinsic fluorescence:Relationship with infiltration processes[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(18):3448-3462.
[32] Nieto-Cid M,lvarez-Salgado X A, Gago J, et al. DOM fluorescence,a tracer for biogeochemical processes in a coastal upwelling system(NW Iberian Peninsula)[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2005,297:33-50.
[33]吴丰昌,王立英,黎文,等.天然有机质及其在地表环境中的重要性[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(1):1-12.Wu F C,Wang L Y,Li W,et al. Natural organic matter and its significance in terrestrial surface environment[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2008,20(1):1-12.
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