2MW液态钍基熔盐实验堆气载放射性流出物近场扩散的数值模拟
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摘要
气载放射性流出物在近场范围内的扩散是核设施环境影响评价研究的重要内容之一,传统的高斯模型由于受到复杂建筑物的影响导致计算结果偏差比较大,不宜用于近场扩散的数值模拟。本文采用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法以2 MW液态钍基熔盐实验堆的拟定场址为研究对象,开展放射性气态流出物在近场范围内分布规律的研究,分析风速、烟囱高度、风向等参数对气态流出物大气弥散因子分布的影响。结果表明,对于高架排放,由烟羽抬升的影响使得风速越大近场范围的放射性核素大气弥散因子越高;在下风向建筑群迎风侧均易出现放射性核素集聚区,烟囱高度越低集聚现象越明显。本研究的结果可为熔盐堆场区辐射环境影响评价及建筑物的布局、核应急提供参考依据。
Background: Dispersion of radioactive airborne effluents in the near field is an important content of environment impact assessment of nuclear facilities. Due to the effect of complex building, the Gaussian plume model is not suitable for simulation of atmospheric dispersion in near field. Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze the atmospheric dispersion factors in near-field area of 2-MW liquid-fueled molten salt experimental reactor(TMSR-LF1) and provide data for environment impact assessment. Methods: Based on the building layout of proposed site of TMSR-LF1, the distribution of atmospheric dispersion factors were calculated by using method of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) and the influences to the distribution of different factors were analyzed. Results: For elevated emission, because of the plume rise, the greater the wind speed is, the higher the concentration is in near field area; the pollutant accumulation areas will be prone to present at upwind side of buildings along the direction of wind. Conclusion: All these provide important data for nuclear emergency, and environmental impact assessment for TMSR-LF1.
Background: Dispersion of radioactive airborne effluents in the near field is an important content of environment impact assessment of nuclear facilities. Due to the effect of complex building, the Gaussian plume model is not suitable for simulation of atmospheric dispersion in near field. Purpose: This paper attempts to analyze the atmospheric dispersion factors in near-field area of 2-MW liquid-fueled molten salt experimental reactor(TMSR-LF1) and provide data for environment impact assessment. Methods: Based on the building layout of proposed site of TMSR-LF1, the distribution of atmospheric dispersion factors were calculated by using method of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) and the influences to the distribution of different factors were analyzed. Results: For elevated emission, because of the plume rise, the greater the wind speed is, the higher the concentration is in near field area; the pollutant accumulation areas will be prone to present at upwind side of buildings along the direction of wind. Conclusion: All these provide important data for nuclear emergency, and environmental impact assessment for TMSR-LF1.
引文
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11 秦超,王德忠,马元巍,等.中性层结下核电厂烟羽弥散数值模型有效性分析[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(7):837 841QIN Chao,WANG Dezhong,MA Yuanwei,et al.Analysis on validity of numerical model for plume diffusion under neutral ABL in nuclear power plant[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(7):837 841
12 胡二邦,陈家宜.核电厂大气扩散及其环境影响评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1999:65 66HU Erbang,CHEN Jiayi.Atmospheric dispersion and environment impact assessment for nuclear power plant[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1999:65 66
13 Fluent I.FLUENT user’s guide[M].Fluent Inc,2006
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15 蒋维楣.空气污染气象学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:157JIANG Weimei.Air pollution meteorology[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2003:157
16 国家核安全局.核电厂厂址选择的大气弥散问题:HAD 101/02[S].1987National Nuclear Safety Administration.Issues in atmospheric dispersion on site selection of nuclear power plant:HAD 101/02[S].1987
2 江绵恒,徐洪杰,戴志敏.未来先进核裂变能——TMSR核能系统[J].中国科学院院刊,2012,27(3):366 374.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2012.03.016JIANG Mianheng,XU Hongjie,DAI Zhimin.Advanced fission energy program-TMSR nuclear energy system[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2012,27(3):336 374.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3045.2012.03.016
3 国家核安全局.研究堆应急计划和准备:HAD002 /06[S].1991National Nuclear Safety Administration.Emergency plan and preparedness for research reactor:HAD 002/06[S].1991
4 Hill R,Arnott A,Parker T,et al.Field and wind tunnel evaluation of CFD model predictions of local dispersion from an area source on a complex industrial site[C].Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Harmonisation within Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling for Regulatory Purposes,2007:177 181
5 谢海英,陈康民.风向对街道峡谷内污染物扩散的影响[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(5):497 504.DOI:10 .13198/j.res.2011.05.25.xiehy.010XIE Haiying,CHEN Kangmin.Influence of wind direction on pollutant dispersion in a street canyon[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(5):497 504.DOI:10.13198/j.res.2011.05.25.xiehy.010
6 郭栋鹏,闫函,姚仁太,等.复杂建筑物对近场扩散影响的数值与风洞模拟的比较分析[J].实验流体力学,2013,27(2):56 62GUO Dongpeng,YAN Han,YAO Rentai,et al.A comparison study on numerical and wind-tunnel simulation of flow and dispersion around complex buildings[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2013,27(2):56 62
7 谢晓敏,黄震,王嘉松.建筑物顶部形状对街道峡谷内污染物扩散影响的研究[J].空气动力学学报,2005,23(1):108 113XIE Xiaomin,HUANG Zhen,WANG Jiasong.Study on impact of roof shape on pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon[J].Acta Aerodynamical Sinica,2005,23(1):108 113
8 De Sampaio P A B,Junior M A G,Lapa C M F.A CFD approach to the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides in the vicinity of NPPs[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2008,238(1):250 273.DOI:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2007.05.009
9 Xie D,Wang H,Kearfott K J,et al.Radon dispersion modeling and dose assessment for uranium mine ventilation shaft exhausts under neutral atmospheric stability[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2014,129 :57 62.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.12.003
10 唐秀欢,杨宁,包利红,等.西安脉冲堆场区放射性气体扩散CFD数值模拟[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(5):133 140.DOI:10.13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2014.05.032TANG Xiuhuan,YANG Ning,BAO Lihong,et al.CFD simulation of the radioactive gas dispersion in Xi’an pulsed reactor site environment[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2014,14(5):133 140.DOI:10 .13637/j.issn.1009-6094.2014.05.032
11 秦超,王德忠,马元巍,等.中性层结下核电厂烟羽弥散数值模型有效性分析[J].原子能科学技术,2012,46(7):837 841QIN Chao,WANG Dezhong,MA Yuanwei,et al.Analysis on validity of numerical model for plume diffusion under neutral ABL in nuclear power plant[J].Atomic Energy Science and Technology,2012,46(7):837 841
12 胡二邦,陈家宜.核电厂大气扩散及其环境影响评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1999:65 66HU Erbang,CHEN Jiayi.Atmospheric dispersion and environment impact assessment for nuclear power plant[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,1999:65 66
13 Fluent I.FLUENT user’s guide[M].Fluent Inc,2006
14 黄滢.基于FLUENT软件的建筑物风场数值模拟[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005HUANG Ying.Numerical simulation of flow-field around the building based on FLUENT[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2005
15 蒋维楣.空气污染气象学[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2003:157JIANG Weimei.Air pollution meteorology[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2003:157
16 国家核安全局.核电厂厂址选择的大气弥散问题:HAD 101/02[S].1987National Nuclear Safety Administration.Issues in atmospheric dispersion on site selection of nuclear power plant:HAD 101/02[S].1987