乡土聚落中建筑景观因子及其决定条件研究——以河南林州石板房类型为例
|
摘要
河南乡土聚落形式多样,蕴含着朴素而生态的营建智慧,其景观因子对于保护和发展乡土聚落具有长远意义。以豫北石板房乡土聚落为载体,通过对西韩家凹、水段、益伏口、高家台等典型聚落的研究,提出乡土建筑的景观因子这一概念,探讨影响乡土聚落景观因子的要素分类及其决定条件,并分为聚落格局、村巷肌理、建筑单元3个层级分别进行宏观、中观、微观分析,构建乡土聚落建筑景观因子体系。结果表明:地域气候的作用、材料的制约、工匠地域活动范围的固定是豫北石板房景观因子的决定条件,且各决定条件相互关联、相互包含成为整体的动态系统。
The vernacular settlements in Henan have various forms, which contains simple and ecological construction wisdom, and its landscape factors are of long-term significance for the protection and development of vernacular settlements. Based on the study of typical settlements, such as Xihanjia'ao, Shuiduan, Yifukou and Gaojiatai in north Henan, this paper puts forward the concept of landscape factors of local architecture, and discusses the classification of elements that affect the landscape factors of vernacular settlements and their determinants. Specifically, it is divided into three levels, namely, settlement pattern, village lane texture and building unit, to carry out macro, medium and micro analysis respectively, and construct the factor system of architectural landscape of vernacular settlements. The study shows that the landscape factors of the slate houses in northern Henan are determined by the role of regional climate, constraints of materials, and the fixed area of craftsman activities.
The vernacular settlements in Henan have various forms, which contains simple and ecological construction wisdom, and its landscape factors are of long-term significance for the protection and development of vernacular settlements. Based on the study of typical settlements, such as Xihanjia'ao, Shuiduan, Yifukou and Gaojiatai in north Henan, this paper puts forward the concept of landscape factors of local architecture, and discusses the classification of elements that affect the landscape factors of vernacular settlements and their determinants. Specifically, it is divided into three levels, namely, settlement pattern, village lane texture and building unit, to carry out macro, medium and micro analysis respectively, and construct the factor system of architectural landscape of vernacular settlements. The study shows that the landscape factors of the slate houses in northern Henan are determined by the role of regional climate, constraints of materials, and the fixed area of craftsman activities.
引文
[1] 魏成,王璐,李骁,等.传统聚落乡土公共建筑营造中的生态智慧——以云南省腾冲市和顺洗衣亭为例[J].中国园林,2016,32(6):5-10.
[2] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:15-35.
[3] 刘敦桢.刘敦桢全集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[4] 孙家正.世界文化遗产保护管理办法[EB/OL].(2006-11-18)[2017-11-23].http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2006-11/23/content_451783.htm.
[5] 伯纳德·鲁道夫斯基.没有建筑师的建筑:简明非正统建筑导论[M].高军,译. 天津:天津大学出版社,2011.
[6] 克里斯蒂安·诺伯格-舒尔茨. 建筑:存在、语言和场所[M].刘念雄,吴梦姗,译. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[7] 魏春雨.地域界面类型实践[J].建筑学报,2010(2):62-67.
[8] 李晓东,杨茳善.中国空间[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[9] 王冬.乡土建筑的自我建造及其相关思考[J].新建筑,2008(4):12-19.
[10] 王竹,钱振澜.“韶山试验”构建经济社会发展导向的乡村人居环境营建方法[J].时代建筑,2015,32(3):50-54.
[11] 王竹,陈潇玮,王珂.时空维度下的湖州地区乡村景观格局演变分析[J].建筑与文化, 2017(1):172-174.
[12] 赵磊,朱涛.传统与现代,传统与我们——第三届中国建筑思想论坛总策划人VS学术召集人[J].建筑师,2012(4):44-47.
[13] 郑小东.全球化语境中的新乡土建筑创作[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[14] 高长征,闫芳.浚县古城墙价值及其片区活态保护策略分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(4):173-176.
[15] 李允鉌.华夏艺匠:中国古典建筑设计原理分析[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
[16] 杨·盖尔.交往与空间[M].何可人,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[17] 魏春雨.营造:湖南大学建筑教育与创作[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:107-109.
[18] 彼得·卒姆托.建筑氛围[M].张宇,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:7-8.
[2] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,马克明,等.景观生态学原理及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:15-35.
[3] 刘敦桢.刘敦桢全集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[4] 孙家正.世界文化遗产保护管理办法[EB/OL].(2006-11-18)[2017-11-23].http://www.gov.cn/flfg/2006-11/23/content_451783.htm.
[5] 伯纳德·鲁道夫斯基.没有建筑师的建筑:简明非正统建筑导论[M].高军,译. 天津:天津大学出版社,2011.
[6] 克里斯蒂安·诺伯格-舒尔茨. 建筑:存在、语言和场所[M].刘念雄,吴梦姗,译. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[7] 魏春雨.地域界面类型实践[J].建筑学报,2010(2):62-67.
[8] 李晓东,杨茳善.中国空间[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[9] 王冬.乡土建筑的自我建造及其相关思考[J].新建筑,2008(4):12-19.
[10] 王竹,钱振澜.“韶山试验”构建经济社会发展导向的乡村人居环境营建方法[J].时代建筑,2015,32(3):50-54.
[11] 王竹,陈潇玮,王珂.时空维度下的湖州地区乡村景观格局演变分析[J].建筑与文化, 2017(1):172-174.
[12] 赵磊,朱涛.传统与现代,传统与我们——第三届中国建筑思想论坛总策划人VS学术召集人[J].建筑师,2012(4):44-47.
[13] 郑小东.全球化语境中的新乡土建筑创作[D].北京:清华大学,2004.
[14] 高长征,闫芳.浚县古城墙价值及其片区活态保护策略分析[J].地域研究与开发,2014,33(4):173-176.
[15] 李允鉌.华夏艺匠:中国古典建筑设计原理分析[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2005.
[16] 杨·盖尔.交往与空间[M].何可人,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[17] 魏春雨.营造:湖南大学建筑教育与创作[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:107-109.
[18] 彼得·卒姆托.建筑氛围[M].张宇,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010:7-8.