文冠果优系产量性状分析与筛选
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摘要
文冠果适应性强、含油量高,是极具开发潜力的木本油料树种,但产量低导致的经济效益差严重制约了文冠果产业的发展。笔者在调查其13个优系开花和结果特性的基础上,通过主成分分析等方法进行了丰产优良品系的筛选。结果表明:13个优系中有5个优系的顶芽和腋芽均可抽生雌可育花花序,而其余的主要以顶芽抽生雌可育花花序为主;有11个株系的雌可育花分布在花序中部以及基部,且坐果率高,最高花朵坐果率达到5.1%.不同优系出仁率和含油量变异系数小,而每序果数、果内种子数以及千粒重优系间变异范围大,可作为筛选高产品系的重要指标。经主成分分析,筛选出综合性状优良、丰产性能好的株系Z01,TA01和X03.
Xanthoceras sorbifolia is a kind of woody oil plants with great potential for exploitation which has strong adaptability and high oil content. However,the low economic efficiency caused by low yield restricted the industrial development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seriously. High-yield and fine lines were selected through principal component analysis and other methods based on the blossom and fruiting characteristics investigation of 13 Xanthoceras sorbifolia superior Lines. Rusults showed that there were 5 superior lines which both terminal bud and axillary bud were able to emerge female inflorescence and the others mainly revealed that female inflorescence emerged on terminal bud. There were 11 lines which female fertile flowers distributed in the central and basal parts of inflorescence,and their fruit setting rates was high(the highest one reached 5. 1%). The variation coefficient of kernel rate and oil content were small among different superior lines. while the fruit bearing amount per inflorescence,seed number per fruit and 1 000-grain weight had wider variations among superior lines,which could be used as significant evaluation indexes to screen high-yield lines. High-yield and fine lines with excellent comprehensive characters were Z01,TA01 and X03 which were selected by principal component analysis.
Xanthoceras sorbifolia is a kind of woody oil plants with great potential for exploitation which has strong adaptability and high oil content. However,the low economic efficiency caused by low yield restricted the industrial development of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seriously. High-yield and fine lines were selected through principal component analysis and other methods based on the blossom and fruiting characteristics investigation of 13 Xanthoceras sorbifolia superior Lines. Rusults showed that there were 5 superior lines which both terminal bud and axillary bud were able to emerge female inflorescence and the others mainly revealed that female inflorescence emerged on terminal bud. There were 11 lines which female fertile flowers distributed in the central and basal parts of inflorescence,and their fruit setting rates was high(the highest one reached 5. 1%). The variation coefficient of kernel rate and oil content were small among different superior lines. while the fruit bearing amount per inflorescence,seed number per fruit and 1 000-grain weight had wider variations among superior lines,which could be used as significant evaluation indexes to screen high-yield lines. High-yield and fine lines with excellent comprehensive characters were Z01,TA01 and X03 which were selected by principal component analysis.
引文
[1]常月梅,张彩红,刘英翠.山西文冠果种子油的脂肪酸组成和理化性质研究[J].山西林业科技,2009,38(3):37-39.
[2]牟洪香,侯新村,刘巧哲.不同地区文冠果种仁油脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(2):193-197.
[3]邓红,何玲,孙俊范.文冠果油的冷榨提取及理化性质研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2006,28(6):1 027-1 031.
[4]吴丽清,郑战伟,付凤奇,等.文冠果营养成分分析及食用价值研究[J].农产品加工,2010(11):354-357.
[5]韩传明,王翠香,栾森年,等.文冠果特性及丰产栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2011(1):173-174.
[6]张东旭,敖妍,马履一.山西省文冠果的栽培历史及研究现状[J].北方园艺,2014(9):192-195.
[7]牟洪香,于海燕,侯新村.木本能源植物文冠果在我国的分布规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(9):3 626-3 628.
[8]马启慧.能源树种文冠果的研究现状与发展前景[J].北方园艺,2007(8):77-78
[9]高述明,马凯,杜希华,等.文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(3):296-301.
[10]汪智军,张东亚,古丽江.文冠果树种类型的划分及优良高产单株的筛选[J].经济林研究,2011,29(1):128-131.
[11]韩泽群,姜波.加工番茄品种多性状综合评价方法研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(2):357-365.
[12]费世民,张旭东,杨灌英,等.国内外能源植物及其开发利用现状[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(3):20-26.
[13]卞云龙,杜凯,王益军,等.玉米茎秆高糖种质资源筛选与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):315-319.
[14]邓红,孙俊,何玲,等.不同方法提取的文冠果籽油的GC-MS分析[J].食品科学,2007,28(8):354-357.
[15]徐欢,杨韫嘉,樊简,等.文冠果花性状多尺度分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):126-133;137.
[16]敖妍.文冠果种子产量影响因素分析[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):300-304.
[2]牟洪香,侯新村,刘巧哲.不同地区文冠果种仁油脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(2):193-197.
[3]邓红,何玲,孙俊范.文冠果油的冷榨提取及理化性质研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2006,28(6):1 027-1 031.
[4]吴丽清,郑战伟,付凤奇,等.文冠果营养成分分析及食用价值研究[J].农产品加工,2010(11):354-357.
[5]韩传明,王翠香,栾森年,等.文冠果特性及丰产栽培技术[J].中国园艺文摘,2011(1):173-174.
[6]张东旭,敖妍,马履一.山西省文冠果的栽培历史及研究现状[J].北方园艺,2014(9):192-195.
[7]牟洪香,于海燕,侯新村.木本能源植物文冠果在我国的分布规律研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(9):3 626-3 628.
[8]马启慧.能源树种文冠果的研究现状与发展前景[J].北方园艺,2007(8):77-78
[9]高述明,马凯,杜希华,等.文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)研究进展[J].植物学通报,2002,19(3):296-301.
[10]汪智军,张东亚,古丽江.文冠果树种类型的划分及优良高产单株的筛选[J].经济林研究,2011,29(1):128-131.
[11]韩泽群,姜波.加工番茄品种多性状综合评价方法研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(2):357-365.
[12]费世民,张旭东,杨灌英,等.国内外能源植物及其开发利用现状[J].四川林业科技,2005,26(3):20-26.
[13]卞云龙,杜凯,王益军,等.玉米茎秆高糖种质资源筛选与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(3):315-319.
[14]邓红,孙俊,何玲,等.不同方法提取的文冠果籽油的GC-MS分析[J].食品科学,2007,28(8):354-357.
[15]徐欢,杨韫嘉,樊简,等.文冠果花性状多尺度分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(9):126-133;137.
[16]敖妍.文冠果种子产量影响因素分析[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(8):300-304.