单味中药及复方对实验性糖尿病视网膜病变防治作用的研究进展
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摘要
糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是一种常见的糖尿病微血管并发症,是成年人致盲的主要原因。近年来的研究表明,单味中药如葛根、姜黄、枸杞、银杏叶和丹参等,中药复方如活血解毒方、菩人丹超微粉、通脉糖眼明胶囊、芪黄明目胶囊和复方血栓通等在防治DR变中有一定作用,其作用机制与保护视网膜毛细血管周细胞、内皮细胞的功能,减少相关分子如晚期糖基化终末产物形成及其受体的表达,抑制NF-κB的活化,抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达,缓解线粒体氧化应激,抑制凋亡基因及蛋白表达,保护视网膜神经细胞等有关。本文就近年来单味中药及复方对实验性DR的研究进展进行归纳,以期对中药防治DR病变及创新药物研究提供参考。
Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become the main cause of adult blindness. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese materia medica(TCMM) and compounds can help the prevention and treatment of DR. The mechanism may be attributed to protection of retinal pericytes, endothelial cells and retinal neurodegeneration, reduction of advanced glycation end products(AGEs), receptor of AGEs(RAGE), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB) activation, alleviation of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inhibition of apoptosis. In this paper, we review the recent laboratory findings of DR treated with TCMM and compounds in order to provide reference for the prevention of DR and for TCMM innovation.
Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes. It has become the main cause of adult blindness. Recent studies show that traditional Chinese materia medica(TCMM) and compounds can help the prevention and treatment of DR. The mechanism may be attributed to protection of retinal pericytes, endothelial cells and retinal neurodegeneration, reduction of advanced glycation end products(AGEs), receptor of AGEs(RAGE), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression, inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB) activation, alleviation of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inhibition of apoptosis. In this paper, we review the recent laboratory findings of DR treated with TCMM and compounds in order to provide reference for the prevention of DR and for TCMM innovation.
引文
[1] Wang W,Lo ACY. Diabetic retinopathy:pathophysiology and treatments[J/OL]. Int J Mol Sci,2018,19(6):1816(2018-06-20). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6032159/
[2] Ting DS,Cheung GC,Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy:global prevalence, major risk factors,screening practices and public health challenges:a review[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2016,44(4):260-277.
[3] Kim J,Kim KM,Kim CS,Sohn E,Lee YM,Jo K,et al. Puerarin inhibits the retinal pericyte apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-related oxidative stress[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2012,53(2):357-365.
[4] Chen F,Liu KY,Xu S,Lü WH,Chen H,Zhang HQ.Experiment effect of puerarin on retina in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and its mechanisms[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2011,27(9):1279-1284.
[5] Chen F,Liu KY,Xu S,Li WH,Li GL,Zhang HQ.Protective effect of puerarin on retinopathy and its inhibitory effect on NF-κB activity in diabetic mellitus rats[J]. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol(中国药理学与毒理学杂志),2011,25(3):296-300.
[6] Liu JF,Zhang Y,Tang XL,Fu SB,Ma LH,Tian Y,et al. Effect of puerarin on glycosylated modified proteins in retina of diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol(中国临床药理学杂志),2018,34(18):2195-2198.
[7] Yang L,Chang XY,Shi B. The influence of puerarin on the expression of IGF-1 and TNF-αin retina in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Lab Diagn(中国实验诊断学),2016,20(5):697-699.
[8] Gupta SK, Kumar B, Nag TC, Agrawal SS,Agrawal R,Agrawal P,et al. Curcumin prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats through its hypoglycemic,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2011,27(2):123-130.
[9] Mao XB,You ZP,Wu HX. Effect of curcumin on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1αin retina of diabetic rats[J]. J Nanchang Univ(Med Sci)〔南昌大学学报(医学版)〕,2015,55(6):29-32.
[10] Liu J,You ZP. Effects of curcumin on expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retina of diabetic rats[J]. Chin Ophthalmic Res(眼科研究),2010,28(12):1139-1143.
[11] Bai S,Yu X,Du YP,Zheng P,Zheng J,Yan L,et al. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against NMDA-induced retinal damage in rats[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2013,29(5):670-674.
[12] Guo J,Xu GX,Hou ZJ,Xu JB,Huang LY. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on the retinal ultrastructure of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Integrated Tradit West Med(中国中西医结合杂志),2013,33(10):1404-1407.
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[14] Guo J,Xu GX,Wang TT,Huang LY,Cui LJ. Protection effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol(中国临床药理学杂志),2015,31(24):2448-2450.
[15] Wang YF,Peng HC,Yan JJ,Chen L. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on human retinal capil ary endothelial cells under high glucose condition[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol(眼科新进展),2013,33(9):822-825.
[16] Du Q,Tian QX,Fu LP,Li JB. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Pathophysiol(中国病理生理杂志),2016,32(7):1323-1326.
[17] Qi R,Zhou LX,Gu ZM,Huo YP. Protective effects of polysaccharide of Ginkgo biloba leaf on diabetic retinopathy induced by high fat diet and its mechanisms[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年学杂志),2018,38(9):2200-2202.
[18] Qu ZL. Effects of tanshinoneⅡA on oxidative damage and apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetic rats[J]. J Community Med(社区医学杂志),2013,11(18):52-53.
[19] Liu ML,Xu M,Dong JY,Zhang M,Xie XJ. The effect of the liposoluble components of Salvia on rat retinal Mül er cel s HIF-1 and GS in AGEs condition[J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med(中药药理与临床),2017,33(2):99-102.
[20] Fan K,Li S,Liu G,Yuan H,Ma L,Lu P. TanshinoneⅡA inhibits high glucose induced proliferation,migration and vascularization of human retinal endothelial cells[J]. Mol Med Rep,2017,16(6):9023-9028.
[21] Gong CY, Yu ZY, Lu B, Yang L, Sheng YC,Fan YM, et al. Ethanol extract of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. ameliorates diabetic retinopathy and its mechanism[J]. Vasc Pharmacol,2014,62(3):134-142.
[22] Song M,Du Z,Lu G,Li P,Wang L. Syringic acid protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[J]. Cell Mol Biol(Noisy-le-grand),2016,62(6):50-54.
[23] Yu Z,Gong C,Lu B,Yang L,Sheng Y,Ji L,et al. Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. alleviates diabetic retinopathy by preventing retinal inflammation and tight junction protein decrease[J/OL]. J Diabetes Res,2015,2015:518317(2015-01-01).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313057/
[24] Zhou W,Yan H,Jin CJ,Wu JG. Experimental study on Panax notogiseng preventing diabetic retinopathy in rats[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol(眼科新进展),2013,33(10):914-917.
[25] Zhu DM,Liu XZ. Protective effects of Panax notoginseng on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats[J].Tianjin Med J(天津医药),2013,41(11):1103-1105.
[26] Gao D,Guo Y,Li X,Li X,Li Z,Xue M,et al. An aqueous extract of Radix Astragali,Angelica sinensis,and Panax notoginseng is effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013,2013:578165(2013-04-08).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638602/
[27] Wang DD,Zhu HZ,Li SW,Yang JM,Xiao Y,Kang QR,et al. Crude saponins of Panax notoginseng have neuroprotective effects to inhibit palmitate-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis and loss of postsynaptic proteins in staurosporine differentiated RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2016,64(7):1528-1539.
[28] Xiao JR, Do CW, To CH. Potential therapeutic effects of baicalein,baicalin,and wogonin in ocular disorders[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2014,30(8):605-614.
[29] Liu X,Zhou J,Zhang JF,Tian J,Liu CS,Wu Y.Eight drugs treat diabetic retinopathy by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax[J]. Acta Acad Med Weifang(潍坊医学院学报),2018,40(2):109-112.
[30] Yu Z,Lu B,Sheng Y,Zhou L,Ji L,Wang Z.Andrographolide ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal angiogenesis and inflammation[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1850(4):824-831.
[31] Yao Q,Han J,Yu JD,Huang LM,Pan L,Wang W.Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Integrated Tradit West Med(中国中西医结合杂志),2012,32(3):362-366.
[32] Hao GM,He J,Han J,Wu Y,Wu ZQ,Yuan YY,et al. Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats via down-regulation of VEGF mediated by ras/raf-1/ERK signaling pathway[J]. World Chin Med(世界中医药),2015,10(5):757-761.
[33] He J,Hao GM,Wu ZQ,Han J,Wu Y,Xue XX,et al. Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin Gen Pract(中国全科医学),2015,18(5):507-512.
[34] Dong ZJ,Zhang TM,Fu XX,Zhang L,Shi J,Guo SL. Effects of Purendan superfine powder on expression of retinal tumor necrosis factor-αin diabetic rat[J]. J China Med Univ(中国医科大学学报),2011,40(11):997-1000.
[35] Dong ZJ,Wang HB,Tao XY,Zhang TM,Pang ZR,Dong WL. Effects of PRD on retinal VEGF expression in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chin Med(中国中医基础医学杂志),2011,17(3):329-331.
[36] Cui XC,Dong ZJ. Effects of PRD on retinal ICAM-1expression in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年医学杂志),2015,35(3):749-750.
[37] Dong ZJ,Li XH,Dong WJ,Zhang TM. Effects of Purendan superfine powder on retinal neuron apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated genes in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Pathophysiol(中国病理生理杂志),2011,27(6):1163-1168.
[38] Wang HB,Dong ZJ,Guo LT,Shi J,Dong WL.Protective effect of Purendan superfine powder on retinopathy of rats with diabetes mel itus induced by streptozotocin and its influence in NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. J Jilin Univ(Med Ed)〔吉林大学学报(医学版)〕,2018,44(4):759-763.
[39] Pu CM,Jiang L,Qu XL,Zhou XR. Li L,Wang CR.The treatment observation of Tongmaitang Yanming capsule to the diabetic retinopathy rat model[J].China Pharm(中国药房),2012,23(27):2504-2505.
[40] Pu CM,Qu XL,Zhou XR. Protective effects of Tongmaitang Yanming capsules on retinal damage of aged rats[J]. China Pharm(中国药房),2016,27(16):2200-2202.
[41] Wang HT,Wang C,Zhu HM,Wei G,Zhao SH,Qi XL,et al. Protective effect of Qihuangmingmu capsule on retina of diabetic mice and its impact on VEGF expression[J]. China J Chine Mater Med(中国中药杂志),2012,37(22):3481-3485.
[42] Zhang HX,Zhu HM,Wei G,Zhao SH,He QL,Qi XL,et al. Experiment effect of Qihuangmingmu capsule on retinal adhesion molecule in diabetic mice and its mechanisms[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res(时珍国医国药),2012,23(8):1876-1878.
[43] Zhang HX,Wang HT,Zhao SH,Zhu HM,Cui QF,Qi XL. Effect and mechanism study of Qihuang mingmu capsule on diabetic mouse retinal oxidative stress[J]. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chine Med(中国中医基础医学杂志),2012,18(11):1216-1218.
[44] Duan H, Huang J, Li W, Tang M. Protective effects of Fufang Xueshuantong on diabetic retinopathy in rats[J/OL]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013,2013:408268(2013-09-24).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3800603/
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[51] Wang L,Wang N,Tan HY,Zhang Y,Feng Y.Protective effect of a Chinese medicine formula He-Ying-Qing-Re Formula on diabetic retinopathy[J]. J Ethnopharmacol,2015,169:295-304.
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[2] Ting DS,Cheung GC,Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy:global prevalence, major risk factors,screening practices and public health challenges:a review[J]. Clin Exp Ophthalmol,2016,44(4):260-277.
[3] Kim J,Kim KM,Kim CS,Sohn E,Lee YM,Jo K,et al. Puerarin inhibits the retinal pericyte apoptosis induced by advanced glycation end products in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-related oxidative stress[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2012,53(2):357-365.
[4] Chen F,Liu KY,Xu S,Lü WH,Chen H,Zhang HQ.Experiment effect of puerarin on retina in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and its mechanisms[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2011,27(9):1279-1284.
[5] Chen F,Liu KY,Xu S,Li WH,Li GL,Zhang HQ.Protective effect of puerarin on retinopathy and its inhibitory effect on NF-κB activity in diabetic mellitus rats[J]. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol(中国药理学与毒理学杂志),2011,25(3):296-300.
[6] Liu JF,Zhang Y,Tang XL,Fu SB,Ma LH,Tian Y,et al. Effect of puerarin on glycosylated modified proteins in retina of diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol(中国临床药理学杂志),2018,34(18):2195-2198.
[7] Yang L,Chang XY,Shi B. The influence of puerarin on the expression of IGF-1 and TNF-αin retina in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Lab Diagn(中国实验诊断学),2016,20(5):697-699.
[8] Gupta SK, Kumar B, Nag TC, Agrawal SS,Agrawal R,Agrawal P,et al. Curcumin prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy in rats through its hypoglycemic,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory mechanisms[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2011,27(2):123-130.
[9] Mao XB,You ZP,Wu HX. Effect of curcumin on expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1αin retina of diabetic rats[J]. J Nanchang Univ(Med Sci)〔南昌大学学报(医学版)〕,2015,55(6):29-32.
[10] Liu J,You ZP. Effects of curcumin on expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retina of diabetic rats[J]. Chin Ophthalmic Res(眼科研究),2010,28(12):1139-1143.
[11] Bai S,Yu X,Du YP,Zheng P,Zheng J,Yan L,et al. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against NMDA-induced retinal damage in rats[J]. Chin Pharmacol Bull(中国药理学通报),2013,29(5):670-674.
[12] Guo J,Xu GX,Hou ZJ,Xu JB,Huang LY. Effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on the retinal ultrastructure of streptozocin-induced diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Integrated Tradit West Med(中国中西医结合杂志),2013,33(10):1404-1407.
[13] Song MK,Salam NK,Roufogalis BD,Huang TH.Lycium barbarum(Goji berry)extracts and its taurine component inhibit PPAR-γ-dependent gene transcription in human retinal pigment epithelial cells:possible implications for diabetic retinopathy treatment[J]. Biochem Pharmacol,2011,82(9):1209-1218.
[14] Guo J,Xu GX,Wang TT,Huang LY,Cui LJ. Protection effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on rats of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Chin J Clin Pharmacol(中国临床药理学杂志),2015,31(24):2448-2450.
[15] Wang YF,Peng HC,Yan JJ,Chen L. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on human retinal capil ary endothelial cells under high glucose condition[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol(眼科新进展),2013,33(9):822-825.
[16] Du Q,Tian QX,Fu LP,Li JB. Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Pathophysiol(中国病理生理杂志),2016,32(7):1323-1326.
[17] Qi R,Zhou LX,Gu ZM,Huo YP. Protective effects of polysaccharide of Ginkgo biloba leaf on diabetic retinopathy induced by high fat diet and its mechanisms[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年学杂志),2018,38(9):2200-2202.
[18] Qu ZL. Effects of tanshinoneⅡA on oxidative damage and apoptosis of retinal cells in diabetic rats[J]. J Community Med(社区医学杂志),2013,11(18):52-53.
[19] Liu ML,Xu M,Dong JY,Zhang M,Xie XJ. The effect of the liposoluble components of Salvia on rat retinal Mül er cel s HIF-1 and GS in AGEs condition[J]. Pharmacol Clin Chin Mater Med(中药药理与临床),2017,33(2):99-102.
[20] Fan K,Li S,Liu G,Yuan H,Ma L,Lu P. TanshinoneⅡA inhibits high glucose induced proliferation,migration and vascularization of human retinal endothelial cells[J]. Mol Med Rep,2017,16(6):9023-9028.
[21] Gong CY, Yu ZY, Lu B, Yang L, Sheng YC,Fan YM, et al. Ethanol extract of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. ameliorates diabetic retinopathy and its mechanism[J]. Vasc Pharmacol,2014,62(3):134-142.
[22] Song M,Du Z,Lu G,Li P,Wang L. Syringic acid protects retinal ganglion cells against H2O2-induced apoptosis through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway[J]. Cell Mol Biol(Noisy-le-grand),2016,62(6):50-54.
[23] Yu Z,Gong C,Lu B,Yang L,Sheng Y,Ji L,et al. Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. alleviates diabetic retinopathy by preventing retinal inflammation and tight junction protein decrease[J/OL]. J Diabetes Res,2015,2015:518317(2015-01-01).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313057/
[24] Zhou W,Yan H,Jin CJ,Wu JG. Experimental study on Panax notogiseng preventing diabetic retinopathy in rats[J]. Rec Adv Ophthalmol(眼科新进展),2013,33(10):914-917.
[25] Zhu DM,Liu XZ. Protective effects of Panax notoginseng on retinal ganglion cells in diabetic rats[J].Tianjin Med J(天津医药),2013,41(11):1103-1105.
[26] Gao D,Guo Y,Li X,Li X,Li Z,Xue M,et al. An aqueous extract of Radix Astragali,Angelica sinensis,and Panax notoginseng is effective in preventing diabetic retinopathy[J/OL]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med,2013,2013:578165(2013-04-08).https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3638602/
[27] Wang DD,Zhu HZ,Li SW,Yang JM,Xiao Y,Kang QR,et al. Crude saponins of Panax notoginseng have neuroprotective effects to inhibit palmitate-triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis and loss of postsynaptic proteins in staurosporine differentiated RGC-5 retinal ganglion cells[J]. J Agric Food Chem,2016,64(7):1528-1539.
[28] Xiao JR, Do CW, To CH. Potential therapeutic effects of baicalein,baicalin,and wogonin in ocular disorders[J]. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther,2014,30(8):605-614.
[29] Liu X,Zhou J,Zhang JF,Tian J,Liu CS,Wu Y.Eight drugs treat diabetic retinopathy by regulating Bcl-2 and Bax[J]. Acta Acad Med Weifang(潍坊医学院学报),2018,40(2):109-112.
[30] Yu Z,Lu B,Sheng Y,Zhou L,Ji L,Wang Z.Andrographolide ameliorates diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting retinal angiogenesis and inflammation[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1850(4):824-831.
[31] Yao Q,Han J,Yu JD,Huang LM,Pan L,Wang W.Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin J Integrated Tradit West Med(中国中西医结合杂志),2012,32(3):362-366.
[32] Hao GM,He J,Han J,Wu Y,Wu ZQ,Yuan YY,et al. Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats via down-regulation of VEGF mediated by ras/raf-1/ERK signaling pathway[J]. World Chin Med(世界中医药),2015,10(5):757-761.
[33] He J,Hao GM,Wu ZQ,Han J,Wu Y,Xue XX,et al. Effects of Huoxue Jiedu recipe on retinopathy in diabetic rats[J]. Chin Gen Pract(中国全科医学),2015,18(5):507-512.
[34] Dong ZJ,Zhang TM,Fu XX,Zhang L,Shi J,Guo SL. Effects of Purendan superfine powder on expression of retinal tumor necrosis factor-αin diabetic rat[J]. J China Med Univ(中国医科大学学报),2011,40(11):997-1000.
[35] Dong ZJ,Wang HB,Tao XY,Zhang TM,Pang ZR,Dong WL. Effects of PRD on retinal VEGF expression in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chin Med(中国中医基础医学杂志),2011,17(3):329-331.
[36] Cui XC,Dong ZJ. Effects of PRD on retinal ICAM-1expression in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Gerontol(中国老年医学杂志),2015,35(3):749-750.
[37] Dong ZJ,Li XH,Dong WJ,Zhang TM. Effects of Purendan superfine powder on retinal neuron apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated genes in diabetic rat[J]. Chin J Pathophysiol(中国病理生理杂志),2011,27(6):1163-1168.
[38] Wang HB,Dong ZJ,Guo LT,Shi J,Dong WL.Protective effect of Purendan superfine powder on retinopathy of rats with diabetes mel itus induced by streptozotocin and its influence in NF-κB signaling pathway[J]. J Jilin Univ(Med Ed)〔吉林大学学报(医学版)〕,2018,44(4):759-763.
[39] Pu CM,Jiang L,Qu XL,Zhou XR. Li L,Wang CR.The treatment observation of Tongmaitang Yanming capsule to the diabetic retinopathy rat model[J].China Pharm(中国药房),2012,23(27):2504-2505.
[40] Pu CM,Qu XL,Zhou XR. Protective effects of Tongmaitang Yanming capsules on retinal damage of aged rats[J]. China Pharm(中国药房),2016,27(16):2200-2202.
[41] Wang HT,Wang C,Zhu HM,Wei G,Zhao SH,Qi XL,et al. Protective effect of Qihuangmingmu capsule on retina of diabetic mice and its impact on VEGF expression[J]. China J Chine Mater Med(中国中药杂志),2012,37(22):3481-3485.
[42] Zhang HX,Zhu HM,Wei G,Zhao SH,He QL,Qi XL,et al. Experiment effect of Qihuangmingmu capsule on retinal adhesion molecule in diabetic mice and its mechanisms[J]. Lishizhen Med Mater Med Res(时珍国医国药),2012,23(8):1876-1878.
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