氧化石墨烯和石墨相氮化碳增强炭/酚醛复合材料界面热烧蚀性能对比
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摘要
为了提高炭/酚醛复合材料的烧蚀性能,分别采用两种炭纳米填料对纤维增强体界面进行改性。以氧化石墨烯(GO)和酸化石墨相氮化碳(ag-C_3N_4)改性低负载(0.05 wt%～0.2 wt%)的炭/酚醛复合材料。用氧乙炔火焰、SEM、XRD、Raman研究烧蚀面形貌与纤维石墨化度。结果表明:随着GO和ag-C_3N_4含量由0升至0.2 wt%,GO/CF-PR和ag-C_3N_4/CF-PR复合材料的耐烧蚀性能均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。其中以0.1 wt%添加量为最佳,0.1ag-C_3N_4/CF-PR和0.1GO/CF-PR复合材料比起纯的CF-PR的质量烧蚀率分别降低44.42%和28.96%,归因于ag-C_3N_4和GO可显著提高基体的炭残率和烧蚀区纤维表面的石墨化度。
The ablative properties of carbon fiber/phenolic resin(CF/PR) composites were investigated for a graphene oxide(GO)-and a graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4)-modified matrix with contents of 0.05,0.1 and 0.2 wt%,respectively.Both the CF/(g-C_3N_4-PR) and CF/(GO-PR) composites showed much better ablation resistance than the one without g-C_3N_4 and GO.The optimum contents of g-C_3N_4 and GO are both 0.1 wt% giving mass ablation rates for CF/(0.1% g-C_3N_4-PR) and CF/(0.1%GO-PR) that were respectively 44.42 and 28.96% lower than that of the CF/PR composite.The addition of g-C_3N_4 and GO increases the char yield and the degree of graphitization of the char near the fibers during ablation,which benefits heat dissipation and thereby increases the ablation resistance.
The ablative properties of carbon fiber/phenolic resin(CF/PR) composites were investigated for a graphene oxide(GO)-and a graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_3N_4)-modified matrix with contents of 0.05,0.1 and 0.2 wt%,respectively.Both the CF/(g-C_3N_4-PR) and CF/(GO-PR) composites showed much better ablation resistance than the one without g-C_3N_4 and GO.The optimum contents of g-C_3N_4 and GO are both 0.1 wt% giving mass ablation rates for CF/(0.1% g-C_3N_4-PR) and CF/(0.1%GO-PR) that were respectively 44.42 and 28.96% lower than that of the CF/PR composite.The addition of g-C_3N_4 and GO increases the char yield and the degree of graphitization of the char near the fibers during ablation,which benefits heat dissipation and thereby increases the ablation resistance.
引文
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[2]薛华飞,姚秀荣,程海明,等.热防护用轻质烧蚀材料现状与发展[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2017,22(1):123-128.(XUE Hua-fei,YAO Xiu-rong,CHENG Hai-ming,et al.Current situation development of lightweight alblation materials for thermal protection[J].Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology,2017,22(1):123-128.)
[3]Ma Y,Yang Y,LU C,et al.Extraordinary improvement of ablation resistance of carbon/phenolic composites reinforced with low loading of graphene oxide[J].Composites Science and Technology,2018,167:53-61.
[4]Bessire B K,Lahankar S A,Minton T K.Pyrolysis of phenolic impregnated carbon ablator(PICA)[J].ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(3):1383-1395.
[5]孙洁,李华强,冯古雨,等.芳纶纤维增强酚醛泡沫的性能[J].塑料,2015,44(4):83-86.(SUN Jie,LI Hua-qiang,FENG Gu-yu,et al.Performance of aramid fiber reinforced phenolic foam[J].Plastic,2015,44(4):83-86.)
[6]Natali M,Puri I,Kenny J M,et al.Microstructure and ablation behavior of an affordable and reliable nanostructured phenolic impregnated carbon ablator(PICA)[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2017,141:84-96.
[7]Pulci G,J Tirillò,Marra F,et al.Carbon-phenolic ablative materials for re-entry space vehicles:Manufacturing and properties[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2010,41(10):0-1490.
[8]Park J M,Kwon D J,Wang Z J,et al.Effects of carbon nanotubes and carbon fiber reinforcements on thermal conductivity and ablation properties of carbon/phenolic composites[J].Composites Part B,2014,67:22-29.
[9]张世杰,张炜,郭亚林,等.纳米材料在树脂基烧蚀材料中的应用[J].材料导报,2007,11:30-32.(ZHANG Shi-jie,ZHANG Wei,GUO Yan-li,et al.Application of nanomaterials in resin-matrix ablation material[J].Materials Review,2007,11:30-32.)
[10]张梦玉,王劲,杨莎,等.纳米粒子改性酚醛树脂的研究进展[J].粘接,2014(9):85-89.(ZHANG Meng-yu,WANG Jin,YANG Sha,et al.Research progress in modification of phenolic resins with nanoparticles[J].Adhesion,2014(9):85-89.)
[11]Eslami Z,Yazdani F,Mirzapour M A.Thermal and mechanical properties of phenolic-based composites reinforced by carbon fibres and multiwall carbon nanotubes[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,72:22-31.
[12]Natali M,Monti M,Puglia D,et al.Ablative properties of carbon black and MWNT/phenolic composites:A comparative study[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2012,43(1):0-182.
[13]Yi S,Chen J,Li H,et al.Effect of graphite oxide on graphitization of furan resin carbon[J].Carbon,2010,48(3):926-928.
[14]Pei X,Shen B,Zhang L,et al.Accelerating the graphitization process of polyimide by addition of graphene[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2015,132(2).
[15]Zahar A,Rouhollah M A,Masoud S N,et al.Enhanced thermal resistance of GO/C/phenolic nanocomposite by introducing ZrB2nanoparticles[J].Composites Part B:Eng,2015,76:174-179.
[16]Ma Y,Lu C,Xiao D,et al.Mechanical,thermal,and ablative properties between graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride based carbon/phenolic composites:A comparative study[J].Polym Compos,2018.
[17]Du X,Zou G,Wang Z,et al.A scalable chemical route to soluble acidified graphitic carbon nitride:An ideal precursor for isolated ultrathin g-C3N4nanosheets[J].Nanoscale,2015,7(19):8701-8706
[18]Zhang X,Xie X,Wang H,et al.Enhanced photoresponsive ultrathin graphitic-phase C3N4nanosheets for bioimaging[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,135(1):18-21.
[19]Si J,Li J,Wang S,et al.Enhanced thermal resistance of phenolic resin composites at low loading of graphene oxide[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2015,76:174-179.
[20]Ma Y,Yang Y,Lu C,et al.Comparison of graphene oxide and graphitic carbon nitride filled carbon-phenolic composites:Thermomechanical properties and role of the strong electronegativity of nanofillers[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2018,135(25):46242.
[21]刘燕珍,李永锋,杨永岗,等.石墨烯/酚醛树脂/炭纤维层次复合材料的制备及其性能[J].新型炭材料,2012,27(5):377-384.(LIU Yan-zhen,LI Yong-feng,YANG Yong-gang,et al.Preparation and properties of graphene oxide-carbon fiber/phenolic resin composites[J].New Carbon Materials,2012,27(5):377-384.)
[22]Yum S H,Kim S H,Lee W I,et al.Improvement of ablation resistance of phenolic composites reinforced with low concentrations of carbon nanotubes[J].Composites Science and Technology,2015,121:S0266353815301135.
[23]Djugum R,Sharp K.The fabrication and performance of C/Ccomposites impregnated with TaC filler[J].Carbon,2017,115(Complete):105-115.
[24]Papkov D,Beese A M,Goponenko A,et al.Extraordinary improvement of the graphitic structure of continuous carbon nanofibers templated with double wall carbon nanotubes[J].ACSNano,2013,7(1):126-142.
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