焦石坝页岩脆性评价与预测
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摘要
在寻找页岩气有利区域时,页岩的脆性预测是非常重要的一个环节。传统的脆性指数预测方法是叠前三参数反演,即通过反演纵波速度、横波速度和密度等参数计算页岩脆性指数。但受入射角度或偏移距的限制,叠前反演得到的密度误差较大,根据以上参数计算的页岩脆性指数累积误差更大。以四川盆地焦石坝页岩气区块为例,探讨了应用叠后地震波形指示反演预测页岩地层脆性的方法。在页岩脆性矿物定量评价的基础上,依据测井资料计算出单井脆性矿物含量曲线,综合利用测井、地震、地质等资料,通过叠后地震波形指示反演得到脆性矿物含量数据体,进而求取页岩地层脆性的空间分布,提高页岩脆性预测精度。焦石坝工区页岩脆性波形指示反演结果显示,目的层五峰组和龙马溪组的①、③小层脆性指数较高,与岩心测试数据和实钻压裂结果吻合,为该区页岩气田的开发和井位部署提供了依据。
Shale brittleness is an important factor in finding favorable areas for shale gas.The traditional method for predicting the brittleness index relies on a prestack three-parameter inversion,which evaluates the shale brittleness index by inverting the compressional wave velocity,the shear wave velocity,and the density.The density error of the pre-stack inversion is large due to limitations in the incident angle(or offset).Consequently the cumulative error in the evaluated shale brittleness index is also large.In this paper,the shale gas block in the Jiaoshiba area in the Sichuan basin is taken as a case study,and its shale brittleness is predicted through a poststack inversion of the seismic waveform.Based on the quantitative evaluation of the brittle minerals in shale,the distribution of brittle minerals in a single well is calculated from logging data,and data on brittle mineral contents are also obtained through the post-stack seismic waveform inversion using logging,seismic and geological data comprehensively.The predicted brittleness index of the layers ① and ③ of the target layers,which include the Wufeng Formation and the Longmaxi Formation,is higher than that in other layers,which is consistent with logging data and with the actual drilling fracturing effect.The good agreement between measured and predicted values provides a technical support for shale gas field development and well location deployment.
Shale brittleness is an important factor in finding favorable areas for shale gas.The traditional method for predicting the brittleness index relies on a prestack three-parameter inversion,which evaluates the shale brittleness index by inverting the compressional wave velocity,the shear wave velocity,and the density.The density error of the pre-stack inversion is large due to limitations in the incident angle(or offset).Consequently the cumulative error in the evaluated shale brittleness index is also large.In this paper,the shale gas block in the Jiaoshiba area in the Sichuan basin is taken as a case study,and its shale brittleness is predicted through a poststack inversion of the seismic waveform.Based on the quantitative evaluation of the brittle minerals in shale,the distribution of brittle minerals in a single well is calculated from logging data,and data on brittle mineral contents are also obtained through the post-stack seismic waveform inversion using logging,seismic and geological data comprehensively.The predicted brittleness index of the layers ① and ③ of the target layers,which include the Wufeng Formation and the Longmaxi Formation,is higher than that in other layers,which is consistent with logging data and with the actual drilling fracturing effect.The good agreement between measured and predicted values provides a technical support for shale gas field development and well location deployment.
引文
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[5] 徐天吉,陈冰洁,胡冰,等.基于 VTI 介质弹性参数的页岩脆性预测方法及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):971-978XU T J,CHEN B J,HU B,et al.Shale brittleness prediction based on elastic parameters of VTI media[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):971-978
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[7] 单中强.地震叠前反演方法预测页岩脆性指数在南川地区的应用[J].地质学刊,2018,42(2):291-297SHAN Z Q.Prediction of shale brittleness index by seismic prestack inversion in Nanchuan area[J].Journal of Geology,2018,42(2):291-297
[8] 张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰,等.贝叶斯三参数低频软约束同步反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):965-975ZHANG F Q,JIN Z J,SHENG X J,et al.Bayesian prestack three-term inversion with soft low frequency constraint[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(5):965-975
[9] 黄捍东,王彦超,郭飞,等.基于佐普里兹方程的高精度叠前反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):740-749HUANG H D,WANG Y C,GUO F,et al.High precision inversion algorithm based on Zoeppritz equtions[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):740-749
[10] 万欢,陈利,梁立锋,等.多信息融合优选叠前同步反演参数[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):192-196WAN H,CHEN L,LIANG L F,et al.Mutiple information combination to optimize prestack simultaneous inversion parameters[J].Geological Sciense and Technology Information,2014,33(6):192-196
[11] 梁立锋,但志伟,陈剑锋,等.叠前密度反演的误差对含气饱和度估算的影响[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(3):257-260LIANG L F,DAN Z W,CHEN J F,et al.The influence of pre-stack density inversion error on gas saturation estimate[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(3):257-260
[12] MONTGOMERY S L,JARVIE D M,BOWKER K A,et al.Mississippian Barnett shale,Fort Worth basin,north-central Texas:Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(2):155-175
[13] JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Uncanvertional shale-gas system:the Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499
[14] 向葵,严良俊,胡华,等.南方海相页岩脆性指数与电性关系分析[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):894-903XIANG K,YAN L J,HU H,et al.Relationship analysis between brittle index and electrical properties of marine shale in South China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):894-903
[15] 刘双莲,陆黄生.页岩气测井井评价技术特点及评价方法探讨[J].测井技术,2011,35(2):112-116LIU S L,LU H S.Evaluation methods and characteristics of log evaluation technology in shale gas well logging technology[J].2011,35(2):112-116
[16] 于翔涛.测井技术在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2009,6(2):198-200YU X T.Application of well logging in evaluation of source rock[J].Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Sciense Edit),2009,6(2):198-200
[17] 刘喜武,年静波,吴海波,等.几种地震波阻抗反演方法的比较分析与综合应用[J].世界地质,2005,24(3):271-275LIU X W,NIAN J B,WU H B,et al.Comparison of seismic impedance inversion methods and an application case[J].Global Geology,2005,24(3):271-275
[18] 王香文,刘红,藤彬彬,等.地质统计学反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):730-735WANG X W,LIU H,TENG B B,et al.Application of geostatistical inversion to thin reservoir prediction[J].Oil & Gas Geologogy,2012,33(5):730-735
[19] 刘振峰,董宁,张永贵,等.致密碎屑岩储层地震反演技术方案及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):299-303LIU Z F,DONG N,ZHANG Y G,et al.Seismic inversion of tight clastic reservoirs and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):299-303
[20] 李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法——以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462LI J X,GU Y M,DANG H Q,et al.Well seismic and surface seismic joint prediction for reservoir rock in a development area with denser producers—case study of Block JN2 in SL Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462
[21] 王丹阳.基于MCMC方法的叠前反演方法研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2012WANG D Y.The method of pre-stack inversion based on MCMC[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum,2012
[22] 邵伟.蒙特卡洛方法及在一些统计模型中的应用[D].济南:山东大学,2012SHAO W.Montecarlo method and its application in some statistical models[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012
[23] 高君,毕建军,赵海山,等.地震波形指示反演薄储层预测技术及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(1):142-145GAO J,BI J J,ZHAO H S,et al.Seismic waveform inversion technology and application of thinner reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(1):142-145
[24] 杜伟维,金兆军,邸永香.地震波形指示反演及特征参数模拟在薄储层预测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2017,14(1):56-61DU W W,JIN Z J,DI Y X.The application of seismic waveform indicator inversion and characteristic parameter simulation to thin reservoir prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2017,14(1):56-61
[25] 顾雯,徐敏,王铎翰,等.地震波形指示反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用——以准噶尔盆地B地区薄层砂岩气藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):2064-2069GU W,XU M,WANG D H,et al.Application of seismic motion inversion technology in thin reservoir prediction:a case study of the thin sand stone gas reservoir in the B area of Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):2064-2069
[2] 孙赞东,贾承造,李相方,等.非常规油气勘探与开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011:407-593SUN Z D,JIA C Z,LI X F,et al.Unconventional oil & gas exploration and development[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:407-593
[3] 董宁,许杰,孙赞东,等.泥页岩脆性地球物理预测技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊):69-74DONG N,XU J,SUN Z D,et al.Shale brittleness predication by geophysical method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):69-74
[4] 刘勇,方伍宝,李振春,等.基于叠前地震反演的脆性预测方法及应用研究[J].石油物探,2016,55(3):425-432LIU Y,FANG W B,LI Z C,et al.Brittleness prediction and application based on pre-stack seismic inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(3):425-432
[5] 徐天吉,陈冰洁,胡冰,等.基于 VTI 介质弹性参数的页岩脆性预测方法及其应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(6):971-978XU T J,CHEN B J,HU B,et al.Shale brittleness prediction based on elastic parameters of VTI media[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2016,37(6):971-978
[6] 苏建龙,屈大鹏,陈超,等.叠前地震反演方法对比分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(3):581-588SU J L,QU D P,CHEN C,et al.Application of prestack inversion technique for shale gas in Jiaoshiba gas field[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(3):581-588
[7] 单中强.地震叠前反演方法预测页岩脆性指数在南川地区的应用[J].地质学刊,2018,42(2):291-297SHAN Z Q.Prediction of shale brittleness index by seismic prestack inversion in Nanchuan area[J].Journal of Geology,2018,42(2):291-297
[8] 张丰麒,金之钧,盛秀杰,等.贝叶斯三参数低频软约束同步反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):965-975ZHANG F Q,JIN Z J,SHENG X J,et al.Bayesian prestack three-term inversion with soft low frequency constraint[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(5):965-975
[9] 黄捍东,王彦超,郭飞,等.基于佐普里兹方程的高精度叠前反演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):740-749HUANG H D,WANG Y C,GUO F,et al.High precision inversion algorithm based on Zoeppritz equtions[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):740-749
[10] 万欢,陈利,梁立锋,等.多信息融合优选叠前同步反演参数[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(6):192-196WAN H,CHEN L,LIANG L F,et al.Mutiple information combination to optimize prestack simultaneous inversion parameters[J].Geological Sciense and Technology Information,2014,33(6):192-196
[11] 梁立锋,但志伟,陈剑锋,等.叠前密度反演的误差对含气饱和度估算的影响[J].工程地球物理学报,2011,8(3):257-260LIANG L F,DAN Z W,CHEN J F,et al.The influence of pre-stack density inversion error on gas saturation estimate[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2011,8(3):257-260
[12] MONTGOMERY S L,JARVIE D M,BOWKER K A,et al.Mississippian Barnett shale,Fort Worth basin,north-central Texas:Gas-shale play with multi-trillion cubic foot potential[J].AAPG Bulletin,2005,89(2):155-175
[13] JARVIE D M,HILL R J,RUBLE T E,et al.Uncanvertional shale-gas system:the Mississippian Barnett shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499
[14] 向葵,严良俊,胡华,等.南方海相页岩脆性指数与电性关系分析[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):894-903XIANG K,YAN L J,HU H,et al.Relationship analysis between brittle index and electrical properties of marine shale in South China[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):894-903
[15] 刘双莲,陆黄生.页岩气测井井评价技术特点及评价方法探讨[J].测井技术,2011,35(2):112-116LIU S L,LU H S.Evaluation methods and characteristics of log evaluation technology in shale gas well logging technology[J].2011,35(2):112-116
[16] 于翔涛.测井技术在烃源岩评价中的应用[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2009,6(2):198-200YU X T.Application of well logging in evaluation of source rock[J].Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Sciense Edit),2009,6(2):198-200
[17] 刘喜武,年静波,吴海波,等.几种地震波阻抗反演方法的比较分析与综合应用[J].世界地质,2005,24(3):271-275LIU X W,NIAN J B,WU H B,et al.Comparison of seismic impedance inversion methods and an application case[J].Global Geology,2005,24(3):271-275
[18] 王香文,刘红,藤彬彬,等.地质统计学反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(5):730-735WANG X W,LIU H,TENG B B,et al.Application of geostatistical inversion to thin reservoir prediction[J].Oil & Gas Geologogy,2012,33(5):730-735
[19] 刘振峰,董宁,张永贵,等.致密碎屑岩储层地震反演技术方案及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(2):299-303LIU Z F,DONG N,ZHANG Y G,et al.Seismic inversion of tight clastic reservoirs and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(2):299-303
[20] 李建雄,谷跃民,党虎强,等.高密度井网开发区井震联合储层预测方法——以SL盆地JN2区块为例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(3):457-462LI J X,GU Y M,DANG H Q,et al.Well seismic and surface seismic joint prediction for reservoir rock in a development area with denser producers—case study of Block JN2 in SL Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(3):457-462
[21] 王丹阳.基于MCMC方法的叠前反演方法研究[D].东营:中国石油大学,2012WANG D Y.The method of pre-stack inversion based on MCMC[D].Dongying:China University of Petroleum,2012
[22] 邵伟.蒙特卡洛方法及在一些统计模型中的应用[D].济南:山东大学,2012SHAO W.Montecarlo method and its application in some statistical models[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2012
[23] 高君,毕建军,赵海山,等.地震波形指示反演薄储层预测技术及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(1):142-145GAO J,BI J J,ZHAO H S,et al.Seismic waveform inversion technology and application of thinner reservoir prediction[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(1):142-145
[24] 杜伟维,金兆军,邸永香.地震波形指示反演及特征参数模拟在薄储层预测中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2017,14(1):56-61DU W W,JIN Z J,DI Y X.The application of seismic waveform indicator inversion and characteristic parameter simulation to thin reservoir prediction[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2017,14(1):56-61
[25] 顾雯,徐敏,王铎翰,等.地震波形指示反演技术在薄储层预测中的应用——以准噶尔盆地B地区薄层砂岩气藏为例[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(11):2064-2069GU W,XU M,WANG D H,et al.Application of seismic motion inversion technology in thin reservoir prediction:a case study of the thin sand stone gas reservoir in the B area of Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(11):2064-2069
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