对应分析和去趋势分析在有蹄类取食模式研究中的应用
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摘要
本研究以2009年1月和2010年1月小兴安岭大沾河湿地自然保护区二可河林场内驼鹿冬季食性的数据作为原始数据,分别以对应分析(CA)、去趋势分析(DCA),并将数据以样本为单位进行标准化后,再进行去趋势分析(DCA_std)3种排序方法,对驼鹿冬季取食模式进行了研究,后通过普鲁克分析,比较了不同排序方法对大型有蹄类取食模式研究的效果。结果表明,3种排序法的1轴和2轴均能涵盖绝大多数信息量,CA涵盖79.27%,DCA涵盖66.65%,DCA_std涵盖68.22%;3种方法均能够在1轴上区分针叶树和落叶乔木类食物,在2轴上,3种方法主要能够达到针叶树种与除落叶乔木外的其他植物类别的区分。虽三者均能够展现有蹄类取食模式,但在图形可视化后,仅DCA_std无明显的弓形效应。普鲁克分析结果表明,DCA_std样本位移平方和与CA和DCA均有很大差异,即将数据先进行标准化再进行DCA分析能够有效去除弓形效应。因此,由多度组成的食性数据在进行标准DCA分析前,应对数据进行前期处理会得到更好的效果。同时,以样本为单位的标准化将使排序分析结果生态学意义更明确。
Winter foraging patterns of moose were analyzed with 3 ordination methods, including correspondence analysis(CA), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and DCA with standardization in sample(DCA_std),using diet composition data of moose, in January of 2009 and January of 2010, at Erkehe forest farm of Dazhanhe Wetland Nature Reserve in the Lesser Khingan Mountains. Procrustes analysis was used to compare effects of the 3 ordination methods.The results showed that axes 1 and 2 of all the three ordination methods could explain most variance of all variables with CA, DCA and DCA_std indicating 79.27%, 66.65% and 68.22% respectively.On axes 1, the methods could distinguish coniferous and deciduous trees while on axes 2, coniferous and other plant taxa except deciduous trees could be distinguished.Though all the three methods could reveal feeding pattern of ungulates, only DCA_std lacked apparent arc effects after graph visualizations.Procrustes analysis demonstrated that sum of displacement squares is the largest between DCA_std and CA, and DCA_std has the most unapparent arch effect, which in this case means performing data standardization before typical DCA could effectively eliminate the "arch effect".Therefore, for diet composition data composed of food abundance, data standardization before typical DCA is necessary and might eliminate arch effect better.Meanwhile, standardization in samples would make ordination results more ecologically explicit.
Winter foraging patterns of moose were analyzed with 3 ordination methods, including correspondence analysis(CA), detrended correspondence analysis(DCA) and DCA with standardization in sample(DCA_std),using diet composition data of moose, in January of 2009 and January of 2010, at Erkehe forest farm of Dazhanhe Wetland Nature Reserve in the Lesser Khingan Mountains. Procrustes analysis was used to compare effects of the 3 ordination methods.The results showed that axes 1 and 2 of all the three ordination methods could explain most variance of all variables with CA, DCA and DCA_std indicating 79.27%, 66.65% and 68.22% respectively.On axes 1, the methods could distinguish coniferous and deciduous trees while on axes 2, coniferous and other plant taxa except deciduous trees could be distinguished.Though all the three methods could reveal feeding pattern of ungulates, only DCA_std lacked apparent arc effects after graph visualizations.Procrustes analysis demonstrated that sum of displacement squares is the largest between DCA_std and CA, and DCA_std has the most unapparent arch effect, which in this case means performing data standardization before typical DCA could effectively eliminate the "arch effect".Therefore, for diet composition data composed of food abundance, data standardization before typical DCA is necessary and might eliminate arch effect better.Meanwhile, standardization in samples would make ordination results more ecologically explicit.
引文
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Gomez-Ortiz Y, Monroy-Vilchis O, Mendoza-Martinez G D.2015.Feeding interactions in an assemblage of terrestrial carnivores in central Mexico.Zool Stud,54(1):171-178.
Graham J, Vrijenhoek R.1988.Detrended correspondence analysis of dietary data.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,117(1):29-36.
He H, Zhang W Q, Liu L, Zhang M H.2015.Relationship between the composition and tannin content in winter food for roe deer at Zhanhe forest farm of Lesser Xingan Mountains.Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 37(2):121-127.(in Chinese)
Hendry G M, Zewotir T, Naidoo R N, North D.2017.The effect of the mechanism and amount of missingness on subset correspondence analysis.Commun Stat-Simul C, 46(9):7100-7115.
Hill M O.1973.Reciprocal averaging:an eigenvector method of ordination.Journal of Ecology, 61(1):237-249.
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Hill M O, Gauch H G.1980.Detrended correspondence analysis:an improved ordination technique.Vegetatio, 42(1):47-58.
Legendre P, Gallagher E D.2001.Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data.Oecologia, 129(2):271-280.
Mills A M.2007.Foraging segregation in a breeding bird guild declines following nesting.Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 85(1):141-150.
Oksanen J.1983.Ordination of boreal heath-like vegetation with principal component analysis,correspondence analysis and multidimensional scaling.Vegetatio, 52(3):181-189.
Pease A A, Mendoza-Carranza M, Winemiller K O.2018.Feeding ecology and ecomorphology of cichlid assemblages in a large Mesoamerican River Delta.Environ Biol Fish, 101(6):867-879.
Raubenheimer D.2011.Toward a quantitative nutritional ecology the right-angled mixture triangle.Ecol Monogr, 3(81):407-427.
RCoreTeam.2017.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Rosser N.2017.Shortcuts in biodiversity research:what determines the performance of higher taxa as surrogates for species?Ecol Evol, 7(8):2595-2603.
Trobej M, Bednar J P, Waringer J, Schagerl M.2018.Algal communities of spring-associated limestone habitats.Aquat Microb Ecol, 80(1):61-75.
Van d V M, D’Enza A I, Palumbo F.2016.Cluster correspondence analysis.Psychometrika,82(1):1-28.
Whitehouse G A, Buckley T W, Danielson S L.2017.Diet compositions and trophic guild structure of the eastern Chukchi Sea demersal fish community.Deep-Sea Res Pt Ii, 135:95-110.
Willems P.2008.Canonical non-symmetrical correspondence analysis:an alternative in constrained ordination.Sort Statistics & Operations Research Transactions, 32(1):93-111.
Zweifel-Schielly B, Leuenberger Y, Kreuzer M, Suter W, Hayssen V.2012.A herbivore’s food landscape:seasonal dynamics and nutritional implications of diet selection by a red deer population in contrasting alpine habitats.J Zool, 286(1):68-80.
何欢, 张玮琪, 刘蕊,张明海.2015.小兴安岭沾河林区狍冬季食物组分及其与单宁含量关系的初步分析.北京林业大学学报, 37(2):121-127.
Austin M P.1987.Models for theanalysis of species’ response to environmental gradients.Vegetatio, 69(1/3):35-45.
Bakaloudis D E, Bontzorlos V A, Vlachos C G, Papakosta M A, Chatzinikos E N, Braziotis S G, Kontsiotis V J.2015.Factorsaffecting the diet of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in a heterogeneous mediterranean landscape.Turk J Zool,39(6):1151-1159.
Beals E W.1984.Bray-Curtisordination:an effective strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data.Advances in Ecological Research,14(4):1-55.
Brewster J D, Giraldo C, Swanson H, Walkusz W, Loewen T N, Reist J D, Stern G A, Loseto L L.2016.Ecological niche of coastal beaufort sea fishes defined by stable isotopes and fatty acids.Mar Ecol Prog Ser,559:159-173.
Buckley T W, Whitehouse G A.2017.Variation in the diet of Arctic cod(Boreogadus saida) in the Pacific Arctic and Bering Sea.Environ Biol Fish,100(4):421-442.
Danell K, Bergstrm R, Duncan P, Pastor J.2006.Large Herbivore Ecology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Conservation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1-11.
Diaz-Ruiz S, Aguirre-Leon A, Mendoza-Sanchez E, Lara-Dominguez A L.2018.Environmental factors influencing the ichthyofauna of the La Mancha Lagoon, Ramsar Site, Gulf of Mexico.Rev Biol Trop, 66(1):246-265.
Gauch H G, Whittaker R H, Wentworth T R.1977.A comparative study of reciprocal averaging and other ordination techniques.Journal of Ecology,65(1):157-174.
Goldman S F, Glasgow D M, Falk M M.2016.Feeding habits of 2 reef-associated fishes, red porgy(Pagrus pagrus)and gray triggerfish (Balistes capriscus),off the southeastern United States.Fish B-Noaa,114(3):317-329.
Gomez-Ortiz Y, Monroy-Vilchis O, Mendoza-Martinez G D.2015.Feeding interactions in an assemblage of terrestrial carnivores in central Mexico.Zool Stud,54(1):171-178.
Graham J, Vrijenhoek R.1988.Detrended correspondence analysis of dietary data.Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,117(1):29-36.
He H, Zhang W Q, Liu L, Zhang M H.2015.Relationship between the composition and tannin content in winter food for roe deer at Zhanhe forest farm of Lesser Xingan Mountains.Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 37(2):121-127.(in Chinese)
Hendry G M, Zewotir T, Naidoo R N, North D.2017.The effect of the mechanism and amount of missingness on subset correspondence analysis.Commun Stat-Simul C, 46(9):7100-7115.
Hill M O.1973.Reciprocal averaging:an eigenvector method of ordination.Journal of Ecology, 61(1):237-249.
Hill M O.1974.Correspondence analysis:a neglected multivariate method.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 23(3):340-354.
Hill M O, Gauch H G.1980.Detrended correspondence analysis:an improved ordination technique.Vegetatio, 42(1):47-58.
Legendre P, Gallagher E D.2001.Ecologically meaningful transformations for ordination of species data.Oecologia, 129(2):271-280.
Mills A M.2007.Foraging segregation in a breeding bird guild declines following nesting.Canadian Journal of Zoology-Revue Canadienne De Zoologie, 85(1):141-150.
Oksanen J.1983.Ordination of boreal heath-like vegetation with principal component analysis,correspondence analysis and multidimensional scaling.Vegetatio, 52(3):181-189.
Pease A A, Mendoza-Carranza M, Winemiller K O.2018.Feeding ecology and ecomorphology of cichlid assemblages in a large Mesoamerican River Delta.Environ Biol Fish, 101(6):867-879.
Raubenheimer D.2011.Toward a quantitative nutritional ecology the right-angled mixture triangle.Ecol Monogr, 3(81):407-427.
RCoreTeam.2017.R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing.R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.
Rosser N.2017.Shortcuts in biodiversity research:what determines the performance of higher taxa as surrogates for species?Ecol Evol, 7(8):2595-2603.
Trobej M, Bednar J P, Waringer J, Schagerl M.2018.Algal communities of spring-associated limestone habitats.Aquat Microb Ecol, 80(1):61-75.
Van d V M, D’Enza A I, Palumbo F.2016.Cluster correspondence analysis.Psychometrika,82(1):1-28.
Whitehouse G A, Buckley T W, Danielson S L.2017.Diet compositions and trophic guild structure of the eastern Chukchi Sea demersal fish community.Deep-Sea Res Pt Ii, 135:95-110.
Willems P.2008.Canonical non-symmetrical correspondence analysis:an alternative in constrained ordination.Sort Statistics & Operations Research Transactions, 32(1):93-111.
Zweifel-Schielly B, Leuenberger Y, Kreuzer M, Suter W, Hayssen V.2012.A herbivore’s food landscape:seasonal dynamics and nutritional implications of diet selection by a red deer population in contrasting alpine habitats.J Zool, 286(1):68-80.
何欢, 张玮琪, 刘蕊,张明海.2015.小兴安岭沾河林区狍冬季食物组分及其与单宁含量关系的初步分析.北京林业大学学报, 37(2):121-127.
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