不同磷环境下种间关系对羊草和冷蒿生物量及氮磷吸收利用效率的影响
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摘要
为研究羊草(Leymus chinensis)和冷蒿(Artemisia frigida)在不同磷环境下的种间关系以及对磷素适应策略的变化,采用室内沙培模拟试验,在不同磷处理(P1=2.5mg/kg、P2=25mg/kg)下设置羊草单种、冷蒿单种和两者混种的种植方式,测定了不同处理下羊草和冷蒿的生物量、氮磷含量和氮磷吸收及利用效率。结果表明:(1)低磷环境下,混种处理中羊草的生物量增加了61.23%,其氮、磷吸收效率分别提高46.00%和24.29%,冷蒿的生物量增加了95.77%,其氮、磷吸收效率分别提高了71.00%和115.87%。表现为羊草和冷蒿混种后出现正相互作用,且对冷蒿的正向影响更大。低磷环境下冷蒿可能有较强的生存能力,通过调整策略积极地适应胁迫环境,最终成为草地退化群落的优势物种;(2)高磷环境下,混种处理中羊草的生物量提高了46.59%,其氮、磷吸收效率分别提高了30.71%和12.53%,冷蒿的生物量下降了29.27%,其氮、磷吸收效率分别下降了29.80%和12.09%。两植物的相互关系表现为负相互作用,羊草较冷蒿能更有效获取并同化资源,竞争能力相对较强,可能是成为典型草原优势物种的原因之一。
Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigidaare respectivelytypical dominant species and late degraded dominant species of grassland in Inner Mongolian.To investigate the relationship between the two species and their adaptation strategy under different phosphorus environment(P1=2.5mg/kg,P2=25mg/kg),apot experiment,designed to simulate growth of Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida inthe field,was conducted to determine biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus contents,uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus.The planting patterns was Leymus chinensis,Artemisia frigida and mixed plantings.Results showed that:1)Under low-phosphorus environment,the biomass of Leymus chinensis increased by 61.23%,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 46.00% and24.29%,while the biomass of Artemisia frigidaincreased by 95.77%,and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 71.00%and 115.87%,respectively.The positive interaction between Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida results in greater positive effect on Artemisia frigida.Artemisia frigida may have strong survivability under low-phosphorus environment,and actively adapts to the environmental stress through adaptive strategies such as increasing its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and eventually becomes thedominant species of degraded grassland communities.2)Under high-phosphorus environment,the biomass of Leymus chinensis increased by 46.59%and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 30.71%and 12.53%,respectively.The biomass of Artemisia frigida decreased by 29.27%,and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency decreased by 29.80%and 12.09%.There was the negative interaction between the two plants.Leymus chinensis can acquire and assimilate resources more efficiently than Artemisia frigida,and its competitive ability is relatively stronger,which may be one of the reasons why it has become a typical dominant species of typical grassland.
Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigidaare respectivelytypical dominant species and late degraded dominant species of grassland in Inner Mongolian.To investigate the relationship between the two species and their adaptation strategy under different phosphorus environment(P1=2.5mg/kg,P2=25mg/kg),apot experiment,designed to simulate growth of Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida inthe field,was conducted to determine biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus contents,uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus.The planting patterns was Leymus chinensis,Artemisia frigida and mixed plantings.Results showed that:1)Under low-phosphorus environment,the biomass of Leymus chinensis increased by 61.23%,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 46.00% and24.29%,while the biomass of Artemisia frigidaincreased by 95.77%,and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 71.00%and 115.87%,respectively.The positive interaction between Leymus chinensis and Artemisia frigida results in greater positive effect on Artemisia frigida.Artemisia frigida may have strong survivability under low-phosphorus environment,and actively adapts to the environmental stress through adaptive strategies such as increasing its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency and eventually becomes thedominant species of degraded grassland communities.2)Under high-phosphorus environment,the biomass of Leymus chinensis increased by 46.59%and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 30.71%and 12.53%,respectively.The biomass of Artemisia frigida decreased by 29.27%,and its nitrogen and phosphorus uptake efficiency decreased by 29.80%and 12.09%.There was the negative interaction between the two plants.Leymus chinensis can acquire and assimilate resources more efficiently than Artemisia frigida,and its competitive ability is relatively stronger,which may be one of the reasons why it has become a typical dominant species of typical grassland.
引文
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[20]刘娜娜,田秋英,张文浩.内蒙古典型草原优势种冷蒿和克氏针茅对土壤低磷环境适应策略的比较[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(9):905-915.Liu Nana,Tian Qiuying,Zhang Wenhao.Comparison of adaptive strategies to phosphorus-deficient soil between dominant species Artemisia frigida and Stipa krylovii in typical steppe of Nei Mongol[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014;38(9):905-915.
[21] Wendling M,Büchi L,AmosséC,et al.Influence of root and leaf traits on the uptake of nutrients in cover crops[J].Plant and Soil,2016,409(1):419-434.
[22] Yang Y Y,Kim J G.The optimal balance between sexual and asexual reproduction in variable environments:a systematic review[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,2016,40(1):12.
[23] Hu G,Liu H,Yin Y,et al.The role of legumes in plant community succession of degraded grasslands in northern China[J].Land Degradation&Development,2016,27(2):366-372.
[2] Su R,Cheng J,Chen D,et al.Effects of grazing on spatiotemporal variations in community structure and ecosystem function on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia,China[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):40.
[3]马梅,张圣微,魏宝成.锡林郭勒草原近30年草地退化的变化特征及其驱动因素分析[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(4):86-93.Ma Mei,Zhang Shengwei,Wei Baocheng.Temporal and spatial pattern of grassland degradation and its determinants for recent30years in Xilingol[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(4):86-93.
[4]刘钟龄,王炜,郝敦元,等.内蒙古草原退化与恢复演替机理的探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(1):84-91.Liu Zhongling,Wang Wei,Hao Dunyuan,et al.Probes on the degeneration and recovery succession mechanisms of Inner Mongolia steppe[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2002,16(1):84-91.
[5] Tilman D.The resource-ratio hypothesis of plant succession[J].American Naturalist,1985,125(6):827-852.
[6]马祥庆,梁霞.植物高效利用磷机制的研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(4):712-716.Ma Xiangqing,Liang Xia.Research advances in mechanism of high phosphorus use efficiency of plants[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(4):712-716.
[7]李瑞新,刘庆福,李丹,等.锡林河流域退化羊草草原的生态化学计量学研究[J].中国草地学报,2018,40(2):75-80.Li Ruixin,Liu Qingfu,Li Dan,et al.Ecologicalstoicheiometry of degraded Leymus chinensis steppe in Xilin River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2018,40(2):75-80.
[8] Hoagland D T.Water culture method for growing plants without soil[J].Univ.Galif.Agric.Exp.Sta.Circ.1938,347:1-39.
[9]詹书侠,郑淑霞,王扬,等.羊草的地上-地下功能性状对氮磷施肥梯度的响应及关联[J].植物生态学报,2016,40:36-47.Zhan Shuxia,Zheng Shuxia,Wang Yang,et al.Response and correlation of above and below-ground functional traits of Leymus chinensis to nitrogen and phosphorus additions[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2016,40:36-47.
[10] Wang X,Ma X,Yan Y.Effects of soil C:N:P stoichiometry on biomass allocation in the alpine and arid steppe systems[J].Ecology and Evolution,2017,7(5):1354-1362.
[11] Armas C.,Ordiales R.PugnaireF.I.,Masuring plant interactions:a new comparative index[J].Ecology,2004,85:2682-2686.
[12]姚甲宝,周志春,楚秀丽,等.异质养分环境下邻株竞争对3个木荷种源干物质积累及氮磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(5):1-8.Yao Jiabao,Zhou Zhichun,Chu Xiuli,et al.Effect of neighborhood competition on dry matter accumulation,nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency of three provenances of Schima superba in a heterogeneous nutrient environment[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,2018,38(5):1-8.
[13]雷桂生,王五云,蒋智林,等.紫茎泽兰与伴生植物小藜的竞争效应及其生理生化特征[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(1):16-21.Lei Guisheng,Wang Wuyun,Jiang Zhilin,et.al.Competitive effects and physiological and biochemical properties of Ageratina asenophora and its associated species Chenopodium serotinum[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(1):16-21.
[14]李阳.羊草与芦苇种间关系对主要环境因子的响应[D].长春:东北师范大学,2007.Li Yang.The interspecific relationship of Leymus chinensis and Phragmites commumis under main environmental factors[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2007.
[15]王国庆,杜广明,聂莹莹,等.草甸草原封育演替过程中主要植物种群生态位动态分析[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(6):72-78.Wang Guoqing,Du Guangming,Nie Yingying,et al.Niche dynamics of dominant species during restoration process of meadow steppe in enclosure[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(6):72-78.
[16] Bertness,M.K.,Callaway,R.Positive interactions in communities[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1994,9(5),191-193.
[17]乔振江,蔡昆争,骆世明.低磷和干旱胁迫对大豆植株干物质积累及磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5578-5587.Qiao Zhenjiang,Cai Kunzheng,Luo Shiming.Interactive effects of low phosphorus and drought stress on dry matter accumulation and phosphorus efficiency of soybean plants[J].Acta Ecologica sinica,2011,31(19):5578-5587.
[18] Rose T J,Mori A,Julia C C,et al.Screening for internal phosphorus utilisation efficiency:comparison of genotypes at equal shoot P content is critical[J].Plant and Soil,2016,401(1):79-91.
[19] Funayama N S,Noguchi K,Terashima I.Comparison of the response to phosphorus deficiency in two lupin species,Lupinus albus and L.angustifolius,with contrasting root morphology[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2015,38(3):399-410.
[20]刘娜娜,田秋英,张文浩.内蒙古典型草原优势种冷蒿和克氏针茅对土壤低磷环境适应策略的比较[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(9):905-915.Liu Nana,Tian Qiuying,Zhang Wenhao.Comparison of adaptive strategies to phosphorus-deficient soil between dominant species Artemisia frigida and Stipa krylovii in typical steppe of Nei Mongol[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2014;38(9):905-915.
[21] Wendling M,Büchi L,AmosséC,et al.Influence of root and leaf traits on the uptake of nutrients in cover crops[J].Plant and Soil,2016,409(1):419-434.
[22] Yang Y Y,Kim J G.The optimal balance between sexual and asexual reproduction in variable environments:a systematic review[J].Journal of Ecology and Environment,2016,40(1):12.
[23] Hu G,Liu H,Yin Y,et al.The role of legumes in plant community succession of degraded grasslands in northern China[J].Land Degradation&Development,2016,27(2):366-372.
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