美国对华政策真的形成共识了吗?——基于当前对华政策辩论的分析
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摘要
随着特朗普政府《美国国家安全战略》报告的出台和挑起对华贸易摩擦,美国对华政策发生了实质性改变,美国舆情也更加严峻。但这并不是说,美国社会已经真正形成了对华政策的共识。一年多来,许多接触派前政府官员和智库学者发表报告和文章,进行公开辩论,批评政府的对华遏制政策,并提出各自的主张。辩论集中在三个问题上:过去40多年美国对华政策是否失败了?是否要终止对华接触政策?如何修正现行的对华政策?从接触派的大量言论可以看出,美国对华政策实际上并没有形成真正的共识。虽然有的知华派的主张也变得强硬了,但在美国政府非理性主义当道、对华强硬成为"政治正确"的情况下,这些知华派仍然秉持自由主义的理念,反对极端的思维和做法,客观而平心静气地思考中美两国关系并提出自己的主张,仍属难能可贵。
With the publication of the Trump Administration's National Security Strategy and the provocation of the trade frictions with China,U. S. policy toward China has undergone material changes,and the US public opinion has become more hostile. But this is not to say that the American society has truly reached a consensus on U. S. China policy. Many former government officials and think tank scholars in favor of the engagement with China have published reports and articles,as well as have held public debates since the past year,criticizing the Trump Administration's China containment policy and putting forward their own ideas. The debate concentrates on the three issues: has the U. S. policy toward China over the past forty years failed? Should U. S.policy on engagement with China be terminated? How to rectify the current China policy? It can be seen from the large number of remarks made by those in favor of the engagement with China that there is no consensus really reached on the U. S. China policy. Some American China experts have become tough as well,however,irrationalism is popular in Washington and toughness on China becomes "politically correct",it is still commendable against such background that these China experts still uphold the idea of liberalism and oppose extreme thinking and practice to objectively and calmly think about the relations between the two countries and put forward their own ideas.
With the publication of the Trump Administration's National Security Strategy and the provocation of the trade frictions with China,U. S. policy toward China has undergone material changes,and the US public opinion has become more hostile. But this is not to say that the American society has truly reached a consensus on U. S. China policy. Many former government officials and think tank scholars in favor of the engagement with China have published reports and articles,as well as have held public debates since the past year,criticizing the Trump Administration's China containment policy and putting forward their own ideas. The debate concentrates on the three issues: has the U. S. policy toward China over the past forty years failed? Should U. S.policy on engagement with China be terminated? How to rectify the current China policy? It can be seen from the large number of remarks made by those in favor of the engagement with China that there is no consensus really reached on the U. S. China policy. Some American China experts have become tough as well,however,irrationalism is popular in Washington and toughness on China becomes "politically correct",it is still commendable against such background that these China experts still uphold the idea of liberalism and oppose extreme thinking and practice to objectively and calmly think about the relations between the two countries and put forward their own ideas.
引文
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(3)Bruce Jones,David Dollar,Kenneth Lieberthal,Ryan Hass,Mirra Rapp-Hooper,Jonathan Stromseth,“Avoiding War:Containment,Competitionand Cooperation in U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/fp_20171121_china_interview.pdf.
(1)Foreign Affairs,“Are U.S.and Chinese National Interests Incompatible?”https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ask-the-experts/2018-08-14/are-us-and-chinese-national-interests-incompatible.
(2)“U.S.-China 2018 Year in Review:A New Cold War?”https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-china-2018-year-review-new-cold-war.
(3)Georgetown University and the Brookings Institution,“U.S.Diplomacy:40 Years of What's Worked and What Hasn't,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k O8hYQGGYZM.
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(1)Hal Brands,“The Chinese Century?”http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-chibnese-century-24557.
(2)Aaron Friedberg,“The Signs Were There,”Foreign Affairs,July/August 2018,pp.186~188.
(3)Robert Blackwil,l“Trump's Foreign Policies Are Better Than They Seem,”https://cfrd8-files.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/CSR%2084_Blackwill_Trump.pdf.
(1)Michael Swaine,“Creating an Unstable Asia:The U.S.‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’Strategy,”https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/03/02/creating-unstable-asia-u.s.-free-and-open-indo-pacific-strategy-pub-75720;“The United States Can't Afford to Demonize China,”https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/29/the-u-s-cant-afford-to-demonize-china/.
(2)“Did America Get China Wrong?The Engagement Debate,”Foreign Affairs,July/August 2018,pp.183~195.
(3)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(1)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/;“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-us-china-relations;Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Stephen Roach,“America's False Narrative on China,”https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/america-false-china-narrative-by-stephen-s-roach-2019-04.
(3)David Dollar,“Diplomacy:Can China See the Global Public Good?”https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/52/diplomacy-can-china-see-the-global-public-good/.
(1)Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(3)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误---美国负责亚太事务的前副助理国务卿谢淑丽接受本报专访》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(4)“You Can't Contain China:Former US Trade Chief Robert Zoellick Warns Donald Trump,”https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2182022/you-cant-contain-china-former-us-trade-chief-robert-zoellick.
(1)Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Council of Foreign Relations,“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-uschina-relations.
(3)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(4)Zhang Ruinan,“Ex-Envoy:Much Riding on Sound Bilateral Ties,”China Daily,April 23,2019.
(5)白云怡:《美国经济学家、“休克疗法之父”杰弗里·萨克斯:美中摩擦,根源是美国心态》,《环球时报》2019年5月18日。
(1)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.10.
(2)白云怡、李艾鑫:《冷战史权威专家、哈佛大学学者文安立接受本报专访:中美“冷战2.0”是无稽之谈》,《环球时报》2019年4月9日。
(3)Colleen Mulrooney,“U.S.-China Relations at a Strategic Crossroads:What Comes Next for the Most Consequential Relationship in the World?”https://www.wm.edu/sites/confuciusinstitute/news/2019/us---china-relationsat-a-strategic-crossroads-what-comes-next-for-the-most-consequential-relationship-in-the-world.php.
(4)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/;王雯雯:《美国宾大当代中国研究中心主任金骏远接受〈环球时报〉专访:美中竞争不会演变为昔日冷战》,《环球时报》2018年11月12日。
(5)Georgetown University and the Brookings Institution,“U.S.Diplomacy:40 Years of What's Worked and What Hasn't,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k O8hYQGGYZM.
(6)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(1)Ha Jimming and Adam Posen,eds.,“U.S.-China Economic Relations:From Conflict to Solutions,”https://piie.com/publications/piie-briefings/us-china-economic-relations-conflict-solutions-part-i.
(2)Robert Rubin,“Why the World Needs America and China to Get Along,”https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/opinion/america-china-climate-change-nuclear-weapons.html.
(3)《美国前财政、哈佛大学前校长萨默斯与哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院创始院长艾利森在CCG发表演讲》,http://www.ccg.org.cn/Event/View.aspx?Id=10903。
(4)Linda Deng and Dong Leshuo,“Former US Envoy:Tariffs Unproductive,Harmful,”China Daily,September26,2019.
(5)Alex Ward,“Trump's China Strategy Is the Most Radical in Decades---and It's Failing,”https://www.vox.com/world/2018/9/18/17790600/us-china-trade-war-trump-tariffs-taiwan.
(6)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/.
(1)“You Can't Contain China:Former US Trade Chief Robert Zoellick Warns Donald Trump,”https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2182022/you-cant-contain-china-former-us-trade-chief-robert-zoellick.
(2)夏尊恩:《经贸仍是中美关系压舱石》,《环球时报》2019年4月25日。
(3)Council of Foreign Relations,“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-uschina-relations.
(4)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误---美国负责亚太事务的前副助理国务卿谢淑丽接受本报专访》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(1)National Committee of U.S.-China Relations,“2018 China Town Hall with Secretary Condoleezza Rice,”https://www.ncuscr.org/content/video-2018-china-town-hall-secretary-condoleezza-rice.
(2)Paul Haenle and Graham Allison,“Graham Allison on Avoiding the Thucydides Trap,”https://carnegietsinghua.org/2018/12/19/graham-allison-on-avoiding-thucydides-trap-pub-78006.
(3)Stephen Hadley,“A Win-Win U.S.-China Trade Deal Is Possible,”https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/11/a-win-win-u-s-china-trade-deal-is-possible/.
(4)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.6.
(1)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(2)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(3)Lyle Goldstein,“Does America Really Need to Fear China?Why Has American Sinophobia Intensified to Such a Degree?”https://nationalinterest.org/feature/does-america-really-need-fear-china-25559.
(4)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(5)《董云裳:美对华政策走向错误方向》,《参考消息》2018年11月5日;冯黛梅:《美国学者提出中美“共同演进”路线图》,《中国社会科学报》2019年5月6日。
(1)Susan Thornton,“Initiative for U.S.-China Dialogue on Global Issues,”http://uschinadialogue.georgetown.edu/podcasts/susan-thornton.
(2)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.9.
(3)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/.
(4)白云怡:《美国经济学家、“休克疗法之父”杰弗里·萨克斯:美中摩擦,根源是美国心态》,《环球时报》2019年5月18日。
(5)李艾鑫:《让美国接受中国崛起,过程会很长》,《环球时报》2018年12月19日。
(1)《格雷厄姆·艾利森认为中美面临地缘结构性压力》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(2)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(1)CBS News,“Transcript:Henry Paulson on‘Face the Nation’,”https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transcript-henry-paulson-on-face-the-nation-may-12-2019/.
(2)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(1)The White House,“Remarks by the President in State of Union Address,”http://whitehouse.gov/the-pressoffice/2011/01/25/remasks-president-state-union-address.
(2)陶文钊:《美国对华政策大辩论》,《现代国际关系》2016年第1期。
(1)The White House,“National Security Strategy of the United States of America,”December 2017,https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf;The Department of Defense,“Summary of the National Defense Strategy of the United States of America,”January 2018,https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf.
(2)Kurt Campbell and Ely Ratner,“The China Reckoning:How Beijing Defied American Expectations,”https://www/foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2018-02-13/china-rechoning.
(3)Bruce Jones,David Dollar,Kenneth Lieberthal,Ryan Hass,Mirra Rapp-Hooper,Jonathan Stromseth,“Avoiding War:Containment,Competitionand Cooperation in U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/fp_20171121_china_interview.pdf.
(1)Foreign Affairs,“Are U.S.and Chinese National Interests Incompatible?”https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ask-the-experts/2018-08-14/are-us-and-chinese-national-interests-incompatible.
(2)“U.S.-China 2018 Year in Review:A New Cold War?”https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/us-china-2018-year-review-new-cold-war.
(3)Georgetown University and the Brookings Institution,“U.S.Diplomacy:40 Years of What's Worked and What Hasn't,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k O8hYQGGYZM.
(1)Richard Bush and Ryan Hass,“China Debate Is Here to Stay,”https://www.brookings.edu/blog/orderfrom-chaos/2019/03/04/the-china-debate-is-here-to-stay/.盖洛普2019年2月的民调显示,41%的受访者对中国仍有好感,https://news.gallup.com/poll/247559/americans-favorable-views-china-point-hit.aspx。皮尤2018年10月的民调显示,在美国37%的人对中国有好感,比2017年的44%有所下降,https://www.pewresearch.org/facttank/2018/10/19/5-charts-on-global-views-of-china/。芝加哥全球事务委员会的民调则显示,只有39%的受访者认为中国发展成世界大国是对美国重要利益的紧迫威胁;31%的受访者十分关注美中贸易战对他们生活的影响,41%受访者有些关注;Karl Friedhof,f“China Not Yet Seen as a Threat by the American Public,”https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/publication/china-not-yet-seen-threat-american-public.
(1)Hal Brands,“The Chinese Century?”http://nationalinterest.org/feature/the-chibnese-century-24557.
(2)Aaron Friedberg,“The Signs Were There,”Foreign Affairs,July/August 2018,pp.186~188.
(3)Robert Blackwil,l“Trump's Foreign Policies Are Better Than They Seem,”https://cfrd8-files.cfr.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/CSR%2084_Blackwill_Trump.pdf.
(1)Michael Swaine,“Creating an Unstable Asia:The U.S.‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’Strategy,”https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/03/02/creating-unstable-asia-u.s.-free-and-open-indo-pacific-strategy-pub-75720;“The United States Can't Afford to Demonize China,”https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/29/the-u-s-cant-afford-to-demonize-china/.
(2)“Did America Get China Wrong?The Engagement Debate,”Foreign Affairs,July/August 2018,pp.183~195.
(3)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(1)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/;“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-us-china-relations;Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Stephen Roach,“America's False Narrative on China,”https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/america-false-china-narrative-by-stephen-s-roach-2019-04.
(3)David Dollar,“Diplomacy:Can China See the Global Public Good?”https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/52/diplomacy-can-china-see-the-global-public-good/.
(1)Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(3)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误---美国负责亚太事务的前副助理国务卿谢淑丽接受本报专访》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(4)“You Can't Contain China:Former US Trade Chief Robert Zoellick Warns Donald Trump,”https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2182022/you-cant-contain-china-former-us-trade-chief-robert-zoellick.
(1)Jeffrey Bader,“U.S.-China Relations:Is It Time to End the Engagement?”https://www.brookings.edu/wpcontent/uploads/2018/09/FP_20180925_us_china_relations.pdf.
(2)Council of Foreign Relations,“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-uschina-relations.
(3)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(4)Zhang Ruinan,“Ex-Envoy:Much Riding on Sound Bilateral Ties,”China Daily,April 23,2019.
(5)白云怡:《美国经济学家、“休克疗法之父”杰弗里·萨克斯:美中摩擦,根源是美国心态》,《环球时报》2019年5月18日。
(1)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.10.
(2)白云怡、李艾鑫:《冷战史权威专家、哈佛大学学者文安立接受本报专访:中美“冷战2.0”是无稽之谈》,《环球时报》2019年4月9日。
(3)Colleen Mulrooney,“U.S.-China Relations at a Strategic Crossroads:What Comes Next for the Most Consequential Relationship in the World?”https://www.wm.edu/sites/confuciusinstitute/news/2019/us---china-relationsat-a-strategic-crossroads-what-comes-next-for-the-most-consequential-relationship-in-the-world.php.
(4)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/;王雯雯:《美国宾大当代中国研究中心主任金骏远接受〈环球时报〉专访:美中竞争不会演变为昔日冷战》,《环球时报》2018年11月12日。
(5)Georgetown University and the Brookings Institution,“U.S.Diplomacy:40 Years of What's Worked and What Hasn't,”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k O8hYQGGYZM.
(6)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(1)Ha Jimming and Adam Posen,eds.,“U.S.-China Economic Relations:From Conflict to Solutions,”https://piie.com/publications/piie-briefings/us-china-economic-relations-conflict-solutions-part-i.
(2)Robert Rubin,“Why the World Needs America and China to Get Along,”https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/02/opinion/america-china-climate-change-nuclear-weapons.html.
(3)《美国前财政、哈佛大学前校长萨默斯与哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院创始院长艾利森在CCG发表演讲》,http://www.ccg.org.cn/Event/View.aspx?Id=10903。
(4)Linda Deng and Dong Leshuo,“Former US Envoy:Tariffs Unproductive,Harmful,”China Daily,September26,2019.
(5)Alex Ward,“Trump's China Strategy Is the Most Radical in Decades---and It's Failing,”https://www.vox.com/world/2018/9/18/17790600/us-china-trade-war-trump-tariffs-taiwan.
(6)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/.
(1)“You Can't Contain China:Former US Trade Chief Robert Zoellick Warns Donald Trump,”https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/2182022/you-cant-contain-china-former-us-trade-chief-robert-zoellick.
(2)夏尊恩:《经贸仍是中美关系压舱石》,《环球时报》2019年4月25日。
(3)Council of Foreign Relations,“The Future of U.S.-China Relations,”https://www.cfr.org/event/future-uschina-relations.
(4)于金翠:《让美中“脱钩”是巨大错误---美国负责亚太事务的前副助理国务卿谢淑丽接受本报专访》,《环球时报》2019年4月23日。
(1)National Committee of U.S.-China Relations,“2018 China Town Hall with Secretary Condoleezza Rice,”https://www.ncuscr.org/content/video-2018-china-town-hall-secretary-condoleezza-rice.
(2)Paul Haenle and Graham Allison,“Graham Allison on Avoiding the Thucydides Trap,”https://carnegietsinghua.org/2018/12/19/graham-allison-on-avoiding-thucydides-trap-pub-78006.
(3)Stephen Hadley,“A Win-Win U.S.-China Trade Deal Is Possible,”https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/04/11/a-win-win-u-s-china-trade-deal-is-possible/.
(4)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.6.
(1)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(2)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(3)Lyle Goldstein,“Does America Really Need to Fear China?Why Has American Sinophobia Intensified to Such a Degree?”https://nationalinterest.org/feature/does-america-really-need-fear-china-25559.
(4)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(5)《董云裳:美对华政策走向错误方向》,《参考消息》2018年11月5日;冯黛梅:《美国学者提出中美“共同演进”路线图》,《中国社会科学报》2019年5月6日。
(1)Susan Thornton,“Initiative for U.S.-China Dialogue on Global Issues,”http://uschinadialogue.georgetown.edu/podcasts/susan-thornton.
(2)Joseph Nye,“Condemned to Cooperate,or Be Condemned,”China and U.S.Focus Digest,Vol.21,March2019,p.9.
(3)Chas Freeman,Jr.,“The Mess in U.S.-China Relations,”https://chasfreeman.net/the-mess-in-u-s-chinarelations/.
(4)白云怡:《美国经济学家、“休克疗法之父”杰弗里·萨克斯:美中摩擦,根源是美国心态》,《环球时报》2019年5月18日。
(5)李艾鑫:《让美国接受中国崛起,过程会很长》,《环球时报》2018年12月19日。
(1)《格雷厄姆·艾利森认为中美面临地缘结构性压力》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(2)朱东阳、王超、郭一娜:《中美进入选择性“接触+竞争”时代---专访美国前助理国防部长傅立民》,《参考消息》2019年5月7日。
(1)CBS News,“Transcript:Henry Paulson on‘Face the Nation’,”https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transcript-henry-paulson-on-face-the-nation-may-12-2019/.
(2)Orvill Schell and Susan Shirk,“Course Correction:Toward an Effective and Sustainable China Policy,”https://asiasociety.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/CourseCorrection_FINAL_2.7.19_1.pdf.
(1)The White House,“Remarks by the President in State of Union Address,”http://whitehouse.gov/the-pressoffice/2011/01/25/remasks-president-state-union-address.
(2)陶文钊:《美国对华政策大辩论》,《现代国际关系》2016年第1期。