IEM-UF同步分离反硝化系统脱氮特性及种群结构分析
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摘要
针对传统脱氮工艺处理低C/N污水存在的问题,本研究提出IEM-UF同步分离反硝化系统.考察了三阶段各反应器对系统COD去除与脱氮性能影响,同时应用宏全基因组技术分析了各反应器功能微生物种群结构特征.结果表明,系统在电流强度0. 2A时分离器氨氮富集率平均达到116. 1%,最高可达170%;系统进水C/N为2. 80稳定运行时,系统COD及TN平均去除率分别可以达到90%和50%以上. TN去除率最高达到65. 4%.宏全基因组测序表明,在硝化反应器中硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和亚硝化单胞菌属(Nitrosomonas)所占比例分别为12. 23%和2. 31%;在反硝化反应器中脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)和Azospira所占比例分别为4. 57%、1. 76%和1. 03%,远大于其他菌属所占比例,保证了系统中COD、NH_4~+-N、NO_x~--N较高的去除率;同时铁自养反硝化菌的存在提高了系统的反硝化效率.
A system that combines an ion exchange membrane and ultrafiltration membrane( IEM-UF) to form a simultaneous separation and denitrification system was proposed for domestic sewage with a low carbon/nitrogen ratio. The removal of nitrogen and COD in the system was studied under a three phase operating condition. The characteristics of the microbial community in each reactor were analyzed using metagenomics. The results show that,the average rate of ammonia nitrogen enrichment in the separator reached above 116. 1% when the current intensity was 0. 2 A. When the system was at C/N 2. 80 and operating well,the average removal rates of COD and TN reached above 90% and 50%,respectively. The maximum removal rate of TN was above 65. 4%. The results of metagenomics showed a genus of phylum Nitrospirae( Nitrospira) and a genus of phylum Proteobacteria( Nitrosomonas),with the proportions of 12. 23% and 2. 31%,respectively. In the denitrifying reactor,Dechloromonas,Thauera,and Azospira were detected in the proportions 4. 57%,1. 76%,and 1. 03%,respectively. These proportions were far larger than those of other bacteria in this reactor. Meanwhile,the presence of iron autotrophic denitrifying bacteria increased the denitrification efficiency of the system.
A system that combines an ion exchange membrane and ultrafiltration membrane( IEM-UF) to form a simultaneous separation and denitrification system was proposed for domestic sewage with a low carbon/nitrogen ratio. The removal of nitrogen and COD in the system was studied under a three phase operating condition. The characteristics of the microbial community in each reactor were analyzed using metagenomics. The results show that,the average rate of ammonia nitrogen enrichment in the separator reached above 116. 1% when the current intensity was 0. 2 A. When the system was at C/N 2. 80 and operating well,the average removal rates of COD and TN reached above 90% and 50%,respectively. The maximum removal rate of TN was above 65. 4%. The results of metagenomics showed a genus of phylum Nitrospirae( Nitrospira) and a genus of phylum Proteobacteria( Nitrosomonas),with the proportions of 12. 23% and 2. 31%,respectively. In the denitrifying reactor,Dechloromonas,Thauera,and Azospira were detected in the proportions 4. 57%,1. 76%,and 1. 03%,respectively. These proportions were far larger than those of other bacteria in this reactor. Meanwhile,the presence of iron autotrophic denitrifying bacteria increased the denitrification efficiency of the system.
引文
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[22]易艳红,李小江,孙红松,等.新型SBBR工艺处理低C/N值生活污水的研究[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(3):12-15.Yi Y H,Li X J,Sun H S,et al.New type SBBR process for treating domestic sewage with low C/N ratio[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(3):12-15.
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[24]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.A2O工艺处理生活污水短程硝化反硝化的研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):625-632.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification and denitrification in A2O process treating domestic wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(5):625-632.
[2]李瑾,柴立元,向仁军,等.厌氧?好氧活性污泥法(A/O)-体化装置处理生活污水的中试研究[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2011,42(10):2935-2940.Li J,Chai L Y,Xiang L J,et al.Pilot-scale test on domestic waste water treatment using integrative A/O(anaerobic-aerobic sludge)equipment[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2011,42(10):2935-2940.
[3]邢金良,张岩,陈昌明,等.CEM-UF组合膜-硝化/反硝化系统处理低C/N废水及种群结构分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1342-1349.Xing J L,Zhang Y,Chen C M,et al.Analysis of low C/Nwastewater treatment and structure by the CEM-UF combined membrane-nitrification/denitrification system[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(3):1342-1349.
[4]张岩,陈敬,王修平,等.新型淹没式组合膜的氨氮富集性能[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3391-3395.Zhang Y,Chen J,Wang X P,et al.Ammonia nitrogen enrichment with new submerged composite membrane[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3391-3395.
[5]Wang R,Zheng P,Zhang M,et al.Bioaugmentation of nitratedependent anaerobic ferrous oxidation by heterotrophic denitrifying sludge addition:A promising way for promotion of chemoautotrophic denitrification[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,197:410-415.
[6]张岩,马翔山,郭威,等.新型IEM-UF耦合短程硝化反硝化系统脱氮特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(2):542-550.Zhang Y,Ma X S,Guo W,et al.Study on the nitrogen removal performance of new IEM-UF with shortcut nitrification denitrification system[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(2):542-550.
[7]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].(第三版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[8]陈日耀,陈震,耿亚敏,等.阴阳离子双隔膜三室电解槽电渗析处理垃圾渗滤液[J].应用化学,2009,26(11):1336-1340.Chen R Y,Chen Z,Geng Y M,et al.Treatment of landfill leachates by electrodialysis in three-chamber cell divided by two membranes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry,2009,26(11):1336-1340.
[9]Van Dongen U,Jetten M S M,Van Loosdrecht M C M.The SHARON?-Anammox?process for treatment of ammonium rich wastewater[J].Water Science and Technology,2001,44(1):153-160.
[10]Rosenberger S,Krüger U,Witzig R,et al.Performance of a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water[J].Water Research,2002,36(2):413-420.
[11]张宁博,李祥,黄勇.pH值对零价铁自养反硝化过程的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5208-5214.Zhang N F,Li X,Huang Y.Effect of pH value on autotrophic denitrification process of zero valent iron substrate[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5208-5214.
[12]Kiskira K,Papirio S,Van Hullebusch E D,et al.Fe(Ⅱ)-mediated autotrophic denitrification:a new bioprocess for iron bioprecipitation/biorecovery and simultaneous treatment of nitrate-containing wastewaters[J].International Biodeterioration&Biodegradation,2017,119:631-648.
[13]GB 8978-1996,污水综合排放标准[S].
[14]赵骥,王晓霞,李夕耀,等.DO浓度对EBPR耦合SND处理低C/N污水的影响[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(1):120-128.Zhao J,Wang X X,Li X Y,et al.Effect of DO concentration on the combination of EBPR and SND for low C/N sewage treatment[J].China Environmental Science,2018,38(1):120-128.
[15]杨宏,胡银龙.硝化细菌的培养及包埋固定化中试[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2763-2769.Yang H,HU Y L.Nitrifying bacteria culture in entrapment immobilization[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2763-2769.
[16]Utker J B,Nes I F.A qualitative evaluation of the published oligonucleotides specific for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria[J].Systematic and Applied Microbiology,1998,21(1):72-88.
[17]Coates D J,Chakraborty R,Lack J G,et al.Anaerobic benzene oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in pure culture by two strains of Dechloromonas[J].Nature,2001,411(6841):1039-1043.
[18]孟婷,杨宏.高效反硝化细菌的快速培养及群落结构多样性分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3816-3822.Meng T,Yang H.Rapid culture,microbial community structure,and diversity of high-efficiency denitrifying bacteria[J].Environmental Science,2017,38(9):3816-3822.
[19]Zhou H X,Li X K,Chu Z R,et al.Effect of temperature downshifts on a bench-scale hybrid A/O system:process performance and microbial community dynamics[J].Chemosphere,2016,153:500-507.
[20]常玉梅,杨琦,郝春博,等.城市污水厂活性污泥强化自养反硝化菌研究[J].环境科学,2011,32(4):1210-1216.Chang Y M,Yang Q,Hao C B,et al.Experimental study of autotrophic denitrification bacteria through bioaugmentation of activated sludge from municipal wastewater plant[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(4):1210-1216.
[21]王茹,郑平,张萌,等.硝酸盐型厌氧铁氧化菌的种类、分布和特性[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(12):2448-2456.Wang R,Zheng P,Zhang M,et al.Nitrate-dependentanaerobic ferrous/iron oxidation microorganism:review on its species,distribution and characteristics[J].Microbiology China,2015,42(12):2448-2456.
[22]易艳红,李小江,孙红松,等.新型SBBR工艺处理低C/N值生活污水的研究[J].中国给水排水,2011,27(3):12-15.Yi Y H,Li X J,Sun H S,et al.New type SBBR process for treating domestic sewage with low C/N ratio[J].China Water&Wastewater,2011,27(3):12-15.
[23]吴昌永,彭永臻,彭轶.A2O工艺处理低C/N比生活污水的试验研究[J].化工学报,2008,59(12):3126-3131.Wu C Y,Peng Y Z,Peng Y.Biological nutrient removal in A2Oprocess when treating low C/N ratio domestic wastewater[J].Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering,2008,59(12):3126-3131.
[24]曾薇,李磊,杨莹莹,等.A2O工艺处理生活污水短程硝化反硝化的研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(5):625-632.Zeng W,Li L,Yang Y Y,et al.Short-cut nitrification and denitrification in A2O process treating domestic wastewater[J].China Environmental Science,2010,30(5):625-632.
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