目标树经营初期对柏木人工林土壤线虫群落的影响
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摘要
为研究目标树经营初期对柏木人工林土壤线虫群落的影响,对遂宁市安居区处于竞争生长阶段的柏木林进行3种不同密度目标树经营,共计样地12个(目标树密度为6株/667 m~2、9株/667 m~2、12株/667 m~2以及对照各3个)。在目标树经营1年后,采集春、夏、秋、冬4个季节样品共252个,采用改进的Baermann湿漏斗法分离土壤线虫,共鉴定出土壤线虫59科143属。其中Prionchulus为优势属,食细菌性线虫38属,食真菌性线虫12属,植食性线虫36属,杂食/捕食性线虫57属。土壤线虫生活史策略以c-p 4类群为主,占总数的44.33%,其中目标树密度为9株/667 m~2整个样地(9N)的c-p 4占比最大。目标树经营增加了土壤线虫的数量,目标树密度为9株/667 m~2的目标树单株(9C)线虫密度达到最大;目标树经营处理中均以杂食/捕食性线虫数量最多,其中9C杂食/捕食性线虫数量均高于其他处理;目标树经营提高了多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)、线虫营养多样性指数(TD)、线虫成熟度指数(MI),目标树经营改善了土壤线虫群落结构,其中目标树密度为9株/667 m~2样地的土壤线虫群落结构最优。研究结果表明,采用目标树经营有利于提升土壤线虫群落多样性,使柏木人工林生态系统向更稳定的方向发展,其中目标树密度为9株/667 m~2的效果最为显著。
To study the impact of crop-tree release on the soil nematode community in a Cupressus funebris plantation, 12 plots were selected from the cedar forest of Anju District, Suining City(crop tree density 6 trees/667 m~2, 9 trees/667 m~2, and 12 trees/667 m~2, and a control group for each of the three), 252 samples from four seasons(spring, summer, autumn, and winter) were collected, and a total of 143 genera belonging to 59 families were identified. Among them, Prionchulus was a dominant genus, Bacterivores were represented by 38 genera, fungivores by 12 genera, plant parasites by 36 genera, and omnivores/predators by 57 genera. The soil nematode colonizer persister was dominated by c-p 4 groups, accounting for 44.33% of the total. Among these, the whole plot with crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2(9 N) had the largest proportion of c-p 4.The crop-tree release increased the number of soil nematodes. Among these, the crop trees with a crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2(9 C) had the maximum nematode density. The number of omnivore/predator nematodes was highest in the crop-tree release, and the number of 9 C omnivore/predator nematodes was higher than that of the other treatments. The crop-tree release increased the Shannon-Wiener index(H′), Pielou evenness index(J), Trophic Diversity(TD), and Maturity index(MI), which showed that the crop-tree release increased the diversity of soil nematode communities, and the crop tree density 9 had the best soil nematode community structure. The results showed that the use of crop-tree release was conducive to the enhancement of the diversity of soil nematode communities and the development of a Cupressus funebris plantation ecosystem to a more stable direction. Among these, the crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2 had the most significant effect.
To study the impact of crop-tree release on the soil nematode community in a Cupressus funebris plantation, 12 plots were selected from the cedar forest of Anju District, Suining City(crop tree density 6 trees/667 m~2, 9 trees/667 m~2, and 12 trees/667 m~2, and a control group for each of the three), 252 samples from four seasons(spring, summer, autumn, and winter) were collected, and a total of 143 genera belonging to 59 families were identified. Among them, Prionchulus was a dominant genus, Bacterivores were represented by 38 genera, fungivores by 12 genera, plant parasites by 36 genera, and omnivores/predators by 57 genera. The soil nematode colonizer persister was dominated by c-p 4 groups, accounting for 44.33% of the total. Among these, the whole plot with crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2(9 N) had the largest proportion of c-p 4.The crop-tree release increased the number of soil nematodes. Among these, the crop trees with a crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2(9 C) had the maximum nematode density. The number of omnivore/predator nematodes was highest in the crop-tree release, and the number of 9 C omnivore/predator nematodes was higher than that of the other treatments. The crop-tree release increased the Shannon-Wiener index(H′), Pielou evenness index(J), Trophic Diversity(TD), and Maturity index(MI), which showed that the crop-tree release increased the diversity of soil nematode communities, and the crop tree density 9 had the best soil nematode community structure. The results showed that the use of crop-tree release was conducive to the enhancement of the diversity of soil nematode communities and the development of a Cupressus funebris plantation ecosystem to a more stable direction. Among these, the crop tree density of 9 trees/667 m~2 had the most significant effect.
引文
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[3] 陆元昌,Werner Schindele,刘宪钊,包源,雷相东,栾慎强,孟京辉.多功能目标下的近自然森林经营作业法研究.西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2011,31(4):1- 6.
[4] Larsen J B,Nielsen A B.Nature-based forest management—Where are we going?:Elaborating forest development types in and with practice.Forest Ecology and Management,2007,238(1/3):107- 117.
[5] 王懿祥,张守攻,陆元昌,孟京辉,曾冀.干扰树间伐对马尾松人工林目标树生长的初期效应.林业科学,2014,50(10):67- 73.
[6] 李春昶,田健夫.国家储备林建设PPP模式引发的思考.林产工业,2016,43(10):3- 6.
[7] Noble J C,Whitford W G,Kaliszweski M.Soil and litter microarthropod populations from two contrasting ecosystems in semi-arid eastern Australia.Journal of Arid Environments,1996,32(3):329- 346.
[8] 陈小云,刘满强,胡锋,毛小芳,李辉信.根际微型土壤动物——原生动物和线虫的生态功能.生态学报,2007,27(8):3132- 3143.
[9] Ferris H.Form and function:metabolic footprints of nematodes in the soil food web.European Journal of Soil Biology,2010,46(2):97- 104.
[10] 尹文英.土壤动物学研究的回顾与展望.生物学通报,2001,36(8):1- 3.
[11] Reichle D E.The role of soil invertebrates in nutrient cycling.Ecological Bulletins,1977,25:145- 156.
[12] 林英华,张夫道,张俊清,欧阳学军,莫定生,周国逸.鼎湖山不同自然植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化.生态学报,2005,25(10):2616- 2622.
[13] Goralczyk K.Nematodes in a coastal dune succession:indicators of soil properties?.Applied Soil Ecology,1998,9(1/3):465- 469.
[14] 薛会英,罗大庆,胡锋,李辉信,王景升,屈兴乐,王鸿源,于宝政,孙巧.短期围封对西藏北部高寒草甸土壤线虫群落的影响.生态学报,2016,36(19):6139- 6148.
[15] Bongers T,Ferris H.Nematode community structure as a bioindicator in environmental monitoring.Trends in Ecology & Evolution,1999,14(6):224- 228.
[16] Zhao J,Neher D A.Soil nematode genera that predict specific types of disturbance.Applied Soil Ecology,2013,64:135- 141.
[17] Yeates G W.Nematodes as soil indicators:functional and biodiversity aspects.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2003,37(4):199- 210.
[18] 牟文雅,贾艺凡,陈小云,刘满强,周可新,李俊生,陈法军.玉米秸秆还田对土壤线虫数量动态与群落结构的影响.生态学报,2017,37(3):877- 886.
[19] 宋敏,刘银占,井水水.土壤线虫对气候变化的响应研究进展.生态学报,2015,35(20):6857- 6867.
[20] 佟富春,肖以华.广州长岗山森林土壤线虫的群落结构特征.林业科学,2014,50(2):111- 120.
[21] 谌亚,杨万勤,吴福忠,杨帆,蓝丽英,刘育伟,郭彩虹,谭波.川西亚高山/高山森林土壤线虫多样性.应用生态学报,2017,28(10):3360- 3368.
[22] 朱婷婷,李伟,刘成刚,潘开文.四川盆地麻竹、巨桉人工林对土壤线虫群落结构的影响.生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1034- 1041.
[23] 张伟东,尚艳芳,王雪峰.土壤线虫群落对大连石门山森林植被恢复的响应.生态学报,2010,30(4):878- 886.
[24] 洪毅.庄河口不同植物群落的土壤线虫特征[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2015.
[25] 李辉信,刘满强,胡锋,陈小云,何圆球.不同植被恢复方式下红壤线虫数量特征.生态学报,2002,22(11):1882- 1889.
[26] 王群,李萌,刘世荣,吴鹏飞.人工林不同营造模式对土壤线虫群落的影响.生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3443- 3452.
[27] 焦向丽,朱教君,张金鑫,闫巧玲,杨凯.干扰对东北次生林生态系统土壤线虫群落的影响.生态学杂志,2008,27(12):2129- 2135.
[28] 曾凡明.四川省划定国家储备林90万亩.[2014-09-05].http://finance.china.com.cn/roll/20140905/2659243.shtml.
[29] 陆元昌.近自然森林经营的理论与实践.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[30] 尹海锋,苏宇,郭茂金,刘思泽,刘晟男,陈宏基,何朋俊,张小国,李贤伟,范川,李相君,张伟.土壤样品分层采集器:中国,201720567015.5.2017- 12- 12.
[31] 林大仪.土壤学实验指导.北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[32] 尹海锋,苏宇,郭茂金,刘晟男,张小国,陈宏基,何朋俊,李贤伟,范川,李相君.干湿一体土壤动物分离装置:中国,201720240122.7.2018-01- 23.
[33] Yeates G W,Bongers T,De Goede R G M,Freckman D W,Georgieva S S.Feeding habits in soil nematode families and genera—an outline for soil ecologists.The Journal of Nematology,1993,25(3):315- 331.
[34] Neher D A,Peck S L,Rawlings J O,Lee Campbell C.Measures of nematode community structure and sources of variability among and within agricultural fields.Plant and Soil,1995,170(1):167- 181.
[35] 谢雨彤,唐骄萍,李贤伟,周义贵,范川,余波,张伟.低效柏木林窗改造对土壤动物多样性的影响.应用与环境生物学报,2016,22(5):800- 807.
[36] 范川,周义贵,李贤伟,张健,廖洪流,李凤汀,冯茂松.柏木低效林改造不同模式土壤抗蚀性对比.林业科学,2014,50(6):107- 114.
[37] 苏宇,李贤伟,刘运科,李金凤,尹海峰,王之南.柏木低效林林窗改造初期边界木细根形态和生物量变异.西北植物学报,2015,35(3):587- 593.
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