胃排空检测方法的研究及展望
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摘要
胃排空是衡量消化道功能的一个重要指标,在探讨消化道疾病病因学、药物动力学以及疾病的诊断和治疗方面有着不可或缺的作用。近年来,一系列成熟的检测方法已经被用来测量人体胃排空,包括插管法、实时超声、放射性显像及呼吸试验等,但这些检测方法在实验动物及动物临床医学的应用还相对较少,正确评估实验动物胃排空能力的技术对于药物药理学、生物利用度和胃肠疾病诊断等的研究非常重要。本文就常用的几个胃排空检测方法做一阐述,希望这些方法能为动物胃排空检测提供新思路。
Gastric emptying is important for measuring digestive tract function and plays an indispensable role in the research on etiology,diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. In recent years,a series of detection methods has been used to measure gastric emptying in humans: intubation,real-time ultrasound,radionuclide imaging and respiratory testing. However,these method are relatively rarely used in laboratory animals. A method for evaluating the gastric-emptying ability of laboratory animals correctly is very valuable for the study of the drug bioavailability and gastrointestinal diseases. In this review,we discuss some of the methods commonly used for detection of gastric emptying in humans. We hope that we can provide some new ideas for detection of gastric emptying in animals.
Gastric emptying is important for measuring digestive tract function and plays an indispensable role in the research on etiology,diagnosis and treatment of digestive diseases. In recent years,a series of detection methods has been used to measure gastric emptying in humans: intubation,real-time ultrasound,radionuclide imaging and respiratory testing. However,these method are relatively rarely used in laboratory animals. A method for evaluating the gastric-emptying ability of laboratory animals correctly is very valuable for the study of the drug bioavailability and gastrointestinal diseases. In this review,we discuss some of the methods commonly used for detection of gastric emptying in humans. We hope that we can provide some new ideas for detection of gastric emptying in animals.
引文
[1] Stevens JE,Jones KL,Rayner CK,et al. Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of gastroparesis:current and future perspectives[J]. Expert Opin Pharmacother,2013,14(9):1171-1186.
[2] Gillis M,Koch KL. Gastroparesis:Pathophysiology of Chronic Abdominal Pain and Current Treatment[M]. Springer,New York,2015.
[3] Dibaise JK,Islam RS,Dueck AC,et al. Psychological distress in Rome III functional dyspepsia patients presenting for testing of gastric emptying[J]. Neurogastroenterol Moti,2016,28(2):196-205.
[4] Sun L,Tan K,Han C,et al. Impact of preloading either dairy or soy milk on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia and gastric emptying in healthy adults[J]. Eur J Nutr,2017,56(1):77-87.
[5] Mcwhorter NE,Abazid L,Gorzell BC,et al. Simultaneous blood glucose monitoring during gastric-emptying scintigraphy may identify unsuspected abnormalities[J]. Clin Nucl Med,2018,43(6):411.
[6] Yong Z,Hsu WH,Hollis JH. The impact of food viscosity on eating rate,subjective appetite,glycemic response and gastric emptying rate[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(6):e67482.
[7] Moxon TE,Nimmegeers P,Telen D,et al. Effect of chyme viscosity and nutrient feedback mechanism on gastric emptying[J]. Chem Eng Sci,2017,171:318-30.
[8] Shimoyama Y,Kusano M,Kawamura O,et al. High-viscosity liquid meal accelerates gastric emptying[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,19(11):879-886.
[9] Wang KY,Chen YW,Wang N,et al. Predictor of slower gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease-survey of an AsianPacific cohort[J]. J Gastroen Hepatology,2018.
[10] Knudsen K,Szwebs M,Hansen A K,et al. Gastric emptying in Parkinson’s disease-a mini-review[J]. Parkinsonism Relat Disord,2018,55:18-25
[11] Caldaro T,Angelis PD,Torroni F,et al. Gastroenterology:Gastric Emptying-Gastroesophageal Reflux[M]. Springer International Publishing,2017.
[12] Hebbard GS,Sun WM,Dent J,et al. Hyperglycaemia affects proximal gastric motor and sensory function in normal subjects[J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1996,8(3):211-217.
[13] Marathe CS,Rayner CK,Jones KL,et al. Relationships between gastric emptying,postprandial glycemia,and incretin hormones[J]. Diabetes Care,2013,36(5):1396-1405.
[14] Alipour Z,Khatib F,Tabib S M,et al. Assessment of the prevalence of diabetic gastroparesis and validation of gastric emptying scintigraphy for diagnosis[J]. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther,2017,26(1):17-23.
[15] Borg MJ,Bound M,Grivell J,et al. Comparative effects of proximal and distal small intestinal administration of metformin on plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastric emptying after oral glucose,in type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2018,21(3):640-647.
[16] Goetze O,Nikodem AB,Wiezcorek J,et al. Predictors of gastric emptying in Parkinson’s disease[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,18(5):369-375.
[17] Lee HJ,Jung KW,Sun JC,et al. Relation of entericα-synuclein to gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with parkinson’s disease and in neurologically intact subjects[J]. J Neurogastroenterol Motil,2018,24(3):469-478.
[18] Ramprasad C,Douglas JY,Moshiree B. Parkinson’s disease and current treatments for its gastrointestinal neurogastromotility effects[J]. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol,2018,16(4):489-510
[19] Song IK,Kim HJ,Lee JH,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in children after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluids[J]. Br J Anaesth,2016,116(4):513-517.
[20] Muangchan N,Kooptiwut S,Tapechum S,et al.13C-acetic acid breath test monitoring of gastric emptying during disease progression in diabetic rats[J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2017,40(9):1506-1514.
[21] Henrichon S,Seltzer M,Siegel A. Use of SPECT/CT to confirm inconclusive gastric emptying scintigraphy results[J]. Clinl Nucl Med,2015,40(6):341-342.
[22] Christopher RL. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat[J]. Vet Clini North Am Small Anim Pract,1999,29(2):341-342.
[23] Hunt JN,Spurrell WR. The pattern of emptying of the human stomach[J]. J Physiol,1951,113(2-3):157-168.
[24] George JD. New clinical method for measuring the rate of gastric emptying:the double sampling test meal[J]. Gut,1968,9(2):237-242.
[25] Leiper JB, Nicholas CW, Ajmol A, et al. The effect of intermittent high-intensity running on gastric emptying of fluids in man[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2005,37(2):240-247.
[26] Blake G,Mckelvey ST. The measurement of gastric emptying:a comparison of fixed scintillation detection and the doublesampling technique[J]. Br J Surg,2010,68(6):393-396.
[27] Shi X, Osterberg KL, Petrie H, et al. Effect of different osmolalities,cho types, and[cho] on gastric emptying in humans[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2016,49(5):1015-1021.
[28] Muresan C,Surdea BT,Muresan L,et al. Abdominal ultrasound for the evaluation of gastric emptying revisited[J]. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis,2015,24(3):329-338.
[29] Holt S,Mcdicken WN,Anderson T,et al. Dynamic imaging of the stomach by real-time ultrasound—a method for the study of gastric motility[J]. Gut,1980,21(7):597-601.
[30] Bateman DN,Whittingham TA. Measurement of gastric emptying by real-time ultrasound[J]. Gut,1982,23(6):524-527.
[31] Bolondi L,Bortolotti M,Santi V,et al. Measurement of gastric emptying time by real-time ultrasonography[J].Gastroenterology,1985,89(4):752-759.
[32] Liu Z,Liu Z,Li Y,et al. Evaluation of gastric emptying by transabdominal ultrasound after oral administration of semisolid cellulose-based gastric ultrasound contrast agents[J].Ultrasound Med Biol,2018,44(11):2183-2188.
[33] Schepper HUD,Cremonini F,Chitkara D,et al. Assessment of gastric accommodation:overview and evaluation of current methods[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,16(3):275-285.
[34] Hamada SR,Garcon P,Ronot M,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in critically ill patients[J]. Intensive Care Med,2014,40(7):965-972.
[35] Christopher W,Jose J, Alan D,et al. In vivo ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying in newborn mice[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr,2015,60(3):322-326.
[36] Sümpelmann AE,Sümpelmann R,Lorenz M,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying after breakfast in healthy preschool children[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2017,27(8).
[37] Hafeez M,Hussain F,Salamat A, et al. Gastric emptying scintigraphy in postprandial distress syndrome[J]. Pak J Medl Sci,2018,34(1):27-31.
[38] Marathe PH,Wen Y,Norton J,et al. Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol,2015,50(4):325-332.
[39] Lam MG,Goris ML,Iagaru AH,et al. Prognostic utility of 90Y radioembolization dosimetry based on fusion 99mTcmacroaggregated albumin-99mTc-sulfur colloid SPECT[J]. J Nucl Med,2013,54(12):2055-2061.
[40] Phillips LK,Rayner CK,Jones KL,et al. Measurement of gastric emptying in diabetes[J]. J Diab Compl,2014,28(6):894-903.
[41] Bennink RJ,Jonge WJ,De,Symonds EL,et al. Validation of gastric-emptying scintigraphy of solids and liquids in mice using dedicated animal pinhole scintigraphy[J]. J Nuclear Med,2003,44(7):1099-1104.
[42] Jang SF,Goins BA,Phillips WT,et al. Size discrimination in rat and mouse gastric emptying[J]. Biopharm Drug Dispos,2013,34(2):107-124.
[43] Amiriani T,Javadi H,Raiatnavaz T,et al. Assessment of gastric accommodation in patients with functional dyspepsia by 99mtcpertechtenate single photon emission computed tomography imaging:practical but not widely accepted[J]. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther,2015,24(3):105-109.
[44] Suzuki J,Shimazaki K,Koike S,et al. Gastric emptying rate before and after orthodontic treatment examined with the[13C]breath test:A pilot study[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2018,153(3):347-354.
[45] Symonds E,Butler R,Omari T. Noninvasive breath tests can detect alterations in gastric emptying in the mouse[J]. Eur J Clin Invest,2015,32(5):341-344.
[46] Sanaka M,Yamamoto T,Y. Retention,fixation,and loss of the(13C)label:a review for the understanding of gastric emptying breath tests[J]. Dig Dis Sci,2008,53(7):1747-1756.
[47] Shin AS, Camilleri M. Diagnostic assessment of diabetic gastroparesis[J]. Diabetes,2013,62(8):2667-2673.
[48] Sutton DG,Bahr A,Preston T,et al. Quantitative detection of atropine-delayed gastric emptying in the horse by the13C-octanoic acid breath test[J]. Equine Vet J,2010,34(5):479-485.
[49] Jrgensen H,Strathe A,Theil PK,et al. Evaluation of a simple non-invasive13C breath test to evaluate diet effects on gastric emptying in pigs[J]. Livest Sci,2010,133(1):64-66.
[50] Camilleri M, Parkman H P, Shafi M A, et al. Clinical guideline:management of gastroparesis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(1):18-37.
[51] Kjaer A,Knigge U. Use of radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol,2015,50(6):740-747.
[52] Hou C,Hsieh CJ,Li S,et al. Development of a positron emission tomography radiotracer for imaging elevated levels of superoxide in neuroinflammation[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci,2018,9(3):578-586.
[53] Pantel AR,Mankoff DA. Molecular imaging to guide systemic cancer therapy:illustrative examples of PET imaging cancer biomarkers[J]. Cancer Lett,2017,387:25-31
[2] Gillis M,Koch KL. Gastroparesis:Pathophysiology of Chronic Abdominal Pain and Current Treatment[M]. Springer,New York,2015.
[3] Dibaise JK,Islam RS,Dueck AC,et al. Psychological distress in Rome III functional dyspepsia patients presenting for testing of gastric emptying[J]. Neurogastroenterol Moti,2016,28(2):196-205.
[4] Sun L,Tan K,Han C,et al. Impact of preloading either dairy or soy milk on postprandial glycemia, insulinemia and gastric emptying in healthy adults[J]. Eur J Nutr,2017,56(1):77-87.
[5] Mcwhorter NE,Abazid L,Gorzell BC,et al. Simultaneous blood glucose monitoring during gastric-emptying scintigraphy may identify unsuspected abnormalities[J]. Clin Nucl Med,2018,43(6):411.
[6] Yong Z,Hsu WH,Hollis JH. The impact of food viscosity on eating rate,subjective appetite,glycemic response and gastric emptying rate[J]. PLoS One,2013,8(6):e67482.
[7] Moxon TE,Nimmegeers P,Telen D,et al. Effect of chyme viscosity and nutrient feedback mechanism on gastric emptying[J]. Chem Eng Sci,2017,171:318-30.
[8] Shimoyama Y,Kusano M,Kawamura O,et al. High-viscosity liquid meal accelerates gastric emptying[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,19(11):879-886.
[9] Wang KY,Chen YW,Wang N,et al. Predictor of slower gastric emptying in gastroesophageal reflux disease-survey of an AsianPacific cohort[J]. J Gastroen Hepatology,2018.
[10] Knudsen K,Szwebs M,Hansen A K,et al. Gastric emptying in Parkinson’s disease-a mini-review[J]. Parkinsonism Relat Disord,2018,55:18-25
[11] Caldaro T,Angelis PD,Torroni F,et al. Gastroenterology:Gastric Emptying-Gastroesophageal Reflux[M]. Springer International Publishing,2017.
[12] Hebbard GS,Sun WM,Dent J,et al. Hyperglycaemia affects proximal gastric motor and sensory function in normal subjects[J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,1996,8(3):211-217.
[13] Marathe CS,Rayner CK,Jones KL,et al. Relationships between gastric emptying,postprandial glycemia,and incretin hormones[J]. Diabetes Care,2013,36(5):1396-1405.
[14] Alipour Z,Khatib F,Tabib S M,et al. Assessment of the prevalence of diabetic gastroparesis and validation of gastric emptying scintigraphy for diagnosis[J]. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther,2017,26(1):17-23.
[15] Borg MJ,Bound M,Grivell J,et al. Comparative effects of proximal and distal small intestinal administration of metformin on plasma glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1, and gastric emptying after oral glucose,in type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2018,21(3):640-647.
[16] Goetze O,Nikodem AB,Wiezcorek J,et al. Predictors of gastric emptying in Parkinson’s disease[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,18(5):369-375.
[17] Lee HJ,Jung KW,Sun JC,et al. Relation of entericα-synuclein to gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients with parkinson’s disease and in neurologically intact subjects[J]. J Neurogastroenterol Motil,2018,24(3):469-478.
[18] Ramprasad C,Douglas JY,Moshiree B. Parkinson’s disease and current treatments for its gastrointestinal neurogastromotility effects[J]. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol,2018,16(4):489-510
[19] Song IK,Kim HJ,Lee JH,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in children after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluids[J]. Br J Anaesth,2016,116(4):513-517.
[20] Muangchan N,Kooptiwut S,Tapechum S,et al.13C-acetic acid breath test monitoring of gastric emptying during disease progression in diabetic rats[J]. Biol Pharm Bull,2017,40(9):1506-1514.
[21] Henrichon S,Seltzer M,Siegel A. Use of SPECT/CT to confirm inconclusive gastric emptying scintigraphy results[J]. Clinl Nucl Med,2015,40(6):341-342.
[22] Christopher RL. Recent developments in diagnostic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract of the dog and cat[J]. Vet Clini North Am Small Anim Pract,1999,29(2):341-342.
[23] Hunt JN,Spurrell WR. The pattern of emptying of the human stomach[J]. J Physiol,1951,113(2-3):157-168.
[24] George JD. New clinical method for measuring the rate of gastric emptying:the double sampling test meal[J]. Gut,1968,9(2):237-242.
[25] Leiper JB, Nicholas CW, Ajmol A, et al. The effect of intermittent high-intensity running on gastric emptying of fluids in man[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2005,37(2):240-247.
[26] Blake G,Mckelvey ST. The measurement of gastric emptying:a comparison of fixed scintillation detection and the doublesampling technique[J]. Br J Surg,2010,68(6):393-396.
[27] Shi X, Osterberg KL, Petrie H, et al. Effect of different osmolalities,cho types, and[cho] on gastric emptying in humans[J]. Med Sci Sports Exerc,2016,49(5):1015-1021.
[28] Muresan C,Surdea BT,Muresan L,et al. Abdominal ultrasound for the evaluation of gastric emptying revisited[J]. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis,2015,24(3):329-338.
[29] Holt S,Mcdicken WN,Anderson T,et al. Dynamic imaging of the stomach by real-time ultrasound—a method for the study of gastric motility[J]. Gut,1980,21(7):597-601.
[30] Bateman DN,Whittingham TA. Measurement of gastric emptying by real-time ultrasound[J]. Gut,1982,23(6):524-527.
[31] Bolondi L,Bortolotti M,Santi V,et al. Measurement of gastric emptying time by real-time ultrasonography[J].Gastroenterology,1985,89(4):752-759.
[32] Liu Z,Liu Z,Li Y,et al. Evaluation of gastric emptying by transabdominal ultrasound after oral administration of semisolid cellulose-based gastric ultrasound contrast agents[J].Ultrasound Med Biol,2018,44(11):2183-2188.
[33] Schepper HUD,Cremonini F,Chitkara D,et al. Assessment of gastric accommodation:overview and evaluation of current methods[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2010,16(3):275-285.
[34] Hamada SR,Garcon P,Ronot M,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume in critically ill patients[J]. Intensive Care Med,2014,40(7):965-972.
[35] Christopher W,Jose J, Alan D,et al. In vivo ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying in newborn mice[J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr,2015,60(3):322-326.
[36] Sümpelmann AE,Sümpelmann R,Lorenz M,et al. Ultrasound assessment of gastric emptying after breakfast in healthy preschool children[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2017,27(8).
[37] Hafeez M,Hussain F,Salamat A, et al. Gastric emptying scintigraphy in postprandial distress syndrome[J]. Pak J Medl Sci,2018,34(1):27-31.
[38] Marathe PH,Wen Y,Norton J,et al. Effect of altered gastric emptying and gastrointestinal motility on metformin absorption[J]. Br J Clin Pharmacol,2015,50(4):325-332.
[39] Lam MG,Goris ML,Iagaru AH,et al. Prognostic utility of 90Y radioembolization dosimetry based on fusion 99mTcmacroaggregated albumin-99mTc-sulfur colloid SPECT[J]. J Nucl Med,2013,54(12):2055-2061.
[40] Phillips LK,Rayner CK,Jones KL,et al. Measurement of gastric emptying in diabetes[J]. J Diab Compl,2014,28(6):894-903.
[41] Bennink RJ,Jonge WJ,De,Symonds EL,et al. Validation of gastric-emptying scintigraphy of solids and liquids in mice using dedicated animal pinhole scintigraphy[J]. J Nuclear Med,2003,44(7):1099-1104.
[42] Jang SF,Goins BA,Phillips WT,et al. Size discrimination in rat and mouse gastric emptying[J]. Biopharm Drug Dispos,2013,34(2):107-124.
[43] Amiriani T,Javadi H,Raiatnavaz T,et al. Assessment of gastric accommodation in patients with functional dyspepsia by 99mtcpertechtenate single photon emission computed tomography imaging:practical but not widely accepted[J]. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther,2015,24(3):105-109.
[44] Suzuki J,Shimazaki K,Koike S,et al. Gastric emptying rate before and after orthodontic treatment examined with the[13C]breath test:A pilot study[J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop,2018,153(3):347-354.
[45] Symonds E,Butler R,Omari T. Noninvasive breath tests can detect alterations in gastric emptying in the mouse[J]. Eur J Clin Invest,2015,32(5):341-344.
[46] Sanaka M,Yamamoto T,Y. Retention,fixation,and loss of the(13C)label:a review for the understanding of gastric emptying breath tests[J]. Dig Dis Sci,2008,53(7):1747-1756.
[47] Shin AS, Camilleri M. Diagnostic assessment of diabetic gastroparesis[J]. Diabetes,2013,62(8):2667-2673.
[48] Sutton DG,Bahr A,Preston T,et al. Quantitative detection of atropine-delayed gastric emptying in the horse by the13C-octanoic acid breath test[J]. Equine Vet J,2010,34(5):479-485.
[49] Jrgensen H,Strathe A,Theil PK,et al. Evaluation of a simple non-invasive13C breath test to evaluate diet effects on gastric emptying in pigs[J]. Livest Sci,2010,133(1):64-66.
[50] Camilleri M, Parkman H P, Shafi M A, et al. Clinical guideline:management of gastroparesis[J]. Am J Gastroenterol,2013,108(1):18-37.
[51] Kjaer A,Knigge U. Use of radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumors[J]. Scand J Gastroenterol,2015,50(6):740-747.
[52] Hou C,Hsieh CJ,Li S,et al. Development of a positron emission tomography radiotracer for imaging elevated levels of superoxide in neuroinflammation[J]. ACS Chem Neurosci,2018,9(3):578-586.
[53] Pantel AR,Mankoff DA. Molecular imaging to guide systemic cancer therapy:illustrative examples of PET imaging cancer biomarkers[J]. Cancer Lett,2017,387:25-31
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