护士工作控制感及其影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解护士工作控制感的现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法对2016年10—12月安徽省5家医院467名护士使用一般资料调查问卷、工作控制感量表、工作-家庭冲突量表和工作满意度量表进行调查。结果护士工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突、工作满意度总均分分别为(30. 13±7. 12)、(21. 31±5. 60)、(45. 81±9. 93)分;护士工作控制感均分为(2. 82±0. 67)分,处于中等偏下水平,且不同年龄、职称、目前工作科室、婚姻状况、子女情况、工作年限、编制、平均每月夜班次数、医院等级、宗教信仰的工作控制感得分差异有统计学意义(均P <0. 05);相关分析显示,工作控制感得分与工作满意度得分呈正相关(r=0. 565,P <0. 01),工作控制感得分与工作-家庭冲突得分和家庭-工作冲突得分均呈负相关(r=-0. 341～-0. 168,均P <0. 01);回归分析显示,医院等级、宗教信仰、科室、工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突和工作满意度是护士工作控制感的影响因素。结论护士的工作控制感水平有待进一步提高,医院管理者应积极构建授权赋能的有利环境,为临床护士提供必需的资源、信息、支持以及学习发展机会,增加其自控意识和责任心,缓解工作与家庭之间的冲突,提高工作满意度,增强工作控制感水平。
Objective To investigate job control and its influencing factors among registered nurses. Methods Totally 467 registered nurses collected by convenience sampling were investigated with General Information Questionnaire,Job Control Scale,Work-Family Conflict Scale,Job Satisfaction Scale from October to December 2016. Results The average score of work-family conflict,family-work conflict,job satisfaction and job control was 30. 13 ± 7. 12 21. 31 ± 5. 60,45. 81 ± 9. 93 and 2. 82 ± 0. 67 respectively,all of which were below average level. There were a significant difference in Job Control scores among nurses with different age,professional titles,current work department,marital status,status of children,years of service,establishment type,average monthly night shift,hospital level,religious( all P < 0. 05). Univariate analysis indicated that the job control scores were positively correlated with scores of job satisfaction( r= 0. 565,P < 0. 01),and the job control scores were negatively correlated with scores of work-family conflict and family-work conflict( r=-0. 341 ～-0. 168,all P < 0. 01). The regression analysis indicated that hospital level,religious,work-family conflict,family-work conflict and job satisfaction were main influencing factors of job control among nurses. Conclusion The level of job control should be enhanced among nurses and hospital managers should pay more attention to nurses' job control. and take varieties measures to improve the level of job control among nurses. Providing necessary resources,information,support and opportunities to learn and improve,increasing self-control consciousness and sense of responsibility,alleviating conflicts between work and family can improve job satisfaction and enhance sense of job control.
Objective To investigate job control and its influencing factors among registered nurses. Methods Totally 467 registered nurses collected by convenience sampling were investigated with General Information Questionnaire,Job Control Scale,Work-Family Conflict Scale,Job Satisfaction Scale from October to December 2016. Results The average score of work-family conflict,family-work conflict,job satisfaction and job control was 30. 13 ± 7. 12 21. 31 ± 5. 60,45. 81 ± 9. 93 and 2. 82 ± 0. 67 respectively,all of which were below average level. There were a significant difference in Job Control scores among nurses with different age,professional titles,current work department,marital status,status of children,years of service,establishment type,average monthly night shift,hospital level,religious( all P < 0. 05). Univariate analysis indicated that the job control scores were positively correlated with scores of job satisfaction( r= 0. 565,P < 0. 01),and the job control scores were negatively correlated with scores of work-family conflict and family-work conflict( r=-0. 341 ～-0. 168,all P < 0. 01). The regression analysis indicated that hospital level,religious,work-family conflict,family-work conflict and job satisfaction were main influencing factors of job control among nurses. Conclusion The level of job control should be enhanced among nurses and hospital managers should pay more attention to nurses' job control. and take varieties measures to improve the level of job control among nurses. Providing necessary resources,information,support and opportunities to learn and improve,increasing self-control consciousness and sense of responsibility,alleviating conflicts between work and family can improve job satisfaction and enhance sense of job control.
引文
[1]金英花,史沙沙,崔文香.护士长授权赋能行为对临床护士自我效能及工作控制感的影响[J].中华护理杂志,2014,49(1):104-107.
[2] HESSELS J,RIETVELD C A,ZWAN P V D. Self-employment and work-related stress:the mediat-ing role of job control and job demand[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2017,32(2):178-196.
[3] BLANCH A. Social support as a mediator between job control and psychological strain[J]. Soc Sci Med,2016,157:148-155.
[4] HWANG W,RAMADOSS K. The job demands-control-support model and job satisfaction across gender:the mediating role of work-family conflict[J]. J FAM ISSUES,2016,38(1):52-72.
[5] NAGAMI M,TSUTSUMI A,TSUCHIYA M,et al. Job control and coworker support improve employee job performance[J]. Ind Health,2010,48(6):845-851.
[6]祝宏伟.工作要求、工作控制感与医生职业倦怠的关系研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2006.
[7]周爽,万光明,王懿.胸科医院患者对优质护理服务需求的调查分析[J].安徽医药,2013,17(10):1815-1817.
[8]张菁,李琴,张倩.工作控制感在临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠间的中介效应[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(4):67-69.
[9]李苏蓉,陈萍,刘鹏,等.监狱警察从工作中的心理脱离对生活满意度的影响:工作家庭冲突的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):142-146.
[10]陆虹.提高护士工作满意度新型模式的实践性验证与探讨[J].中国护理管理,2008,8(2):22-25.
[11]穆敏敏.护士工作家庭冲突的相关性因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.
[12]李夏卉,李继平.四川省护理部主任工作控制感调查分析[J].护理学报,2011,18(4):7-10.
[13]贾涛.工作授能对临床护士自我效能和工作控制感影响的研究分析[D].成都:四川大学,2007.
[14]杜杏利,汪晖,刘洪娟,等.不同级别护士当前培训需求水平和培训需求侧重点调查分析[J].安徽医学,2015,36(3):356-359.
[15] ADRIAENSSENS J,DE G V,MAES S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses:A systematic review of 25years of research.[J]. Int J Nurs Stud,2015,52(2):649-661.
[16]杨海荣.工作控制感、工作家庭冲突与中学教师职业倦怠的关系研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2005.
[17]李原.工作家庭的冲突与平衡:工作—家庭边界理论的视角[J].社会科学战线,2013,(2):180-188.
[18]黄竞竞.分层管理模式对护士工作满意度的影响[J].安徽医学,2012,33(11):1550-1551.
[19] CHEN IH,BROWN R,CHANG WY. Work-to-family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention[J]. J Adv Nurs,2015,71(10):2350-2363.
[2] HESSELS J,RIETVELD C A,ZWAN P V D. Self-employment and work-related stress:the mediat-ing role of job control and job demand[J]. Journal of Business Venturing,2017,32(2):178-196.
[3] BLANCH A. Social support as a mediator between job control and psychological strain[J]. Soc Sci Med,2016,157:148-155.
[4] HWANG W,RAMADOSS K. The job demands-control-support model and job satisfaction across gender:the mediating role of work-family conflict[J]. J FAM ISSUES,2016,38(1):52-72.
[5] NAGAMI M,TSUTSUMI A,TSUCHIYA M,et al. Job control and coworker support improve employee job performance[J]. Ind Health,2010,48(6):845-851.
[6]祝宏伟.工作要求、工作控制感与医生职业倦怠的关系研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2006.
[7]周爽,万光明,王懿.胸科医院患者对优质护理服务需求的调查分析[J].安徽医药,2013,17(10):1815-1817.
[8]张菁,李琴,张倩.工作控制感在临床护理教师情绪智力与工作倦怠间的中介效应[J].护理学杂志,2017,32(4):67-69.
[9]李苏蓉,陈萍,刘鹏,等.监狱警察从工作中的心理脱离对生活满意度的影响:工作家庭冲突的作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2017,25(1):142-146.
[10]陆虹.提高护士工作满意度新型模式的实践性验证与探讨[J].中国护理管理,2008,8(2):22-25.
[11]穆敏敏.护士工作家庭冲突的相关性因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2010.
[12]李夏卉,李继平.四川省护理部主任工作控制感调查分析[J].护理学报,2011,18(4):7-10.
[13]贾涛.工作授能对临床护士自我效能和工作控制感影响的研究分析[D].成都:四川大学,2007.
[14]杜杏利,汪晖,刘洪娟,等.不同级别护士当前培训需求水平和培训需求侧重点调查分析[J].安徽医学,2015,36(3):356-359.
[15] ADRIAENSSENS J,DE G V,MAES S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses:A systematic review of 25years of research.[J]. Int J Nurs Stud,2015,52(2):649-661.
[16]杨海荣.工作控制感、工作家庭冲突与中学教师职业倦怠的关系研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2005.
[17]李原.工作家庭的冲突与平衡:工作—家庭边界理论的视角[J].社会科学战线,2013,(2):180-188.
[18]黄竞竞.分层管理模式对护士工作满意度的影响[J].安徽医学,2012,33(11):1550-1551.
[19] CHEN IH,BROWN R,CHANG WY. Work-to-family conflict as a mediator of the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention[J]. J Adv Nurs,2015,71(10):2350-2363.