交流故障下高压直流运行特性及恢复策略研究
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摘要
充分利用高压直流输电系统自身良好的可控性和快速的响应能力,对改善高压直流系统的恢复性能有着重要意义。该文先通过分析直流电流指令值、交流母线电压与换流站无功功率三者间的关系,提出在以换流站无功交换量为某期望值的前提下根据交流母线电压求取直流电流指令的方法;接着,基于瞬时无功理论计算出交流滤波器的无功补偿量并确定换流器无功消耗量的期望值,再根据高压直流准稳态计算公式和换流器触发角运行范围获得不同故障类型下直流电流最大值与交流母线电压间的约束关系,该直流电流最大值再与上述求出的电流指令取小,就获得最终的直流电流指令;最后,在CIGRE高压直流标准测试模型和贵广II高压直流模型上对文中所提恢复策略在抑制后续换相失败、改善系统恢复性能等方面的有效性和鲁棒性进行验证。
It is of great significance to make full use of the good controllability and the fast response ability of the high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission system to improve the recovery performance of the HVDC system. First, by analyzing the relationship between the DC current instruction value, the AC bus voltage and the reactive power of the converter station, the rule of DC current instruction changing with AC bus voltage was obtained under the premise of setting the reactive power exchange of the converter station as a desired value. Next, based on instantaneous reactive power theory, the reactive power compensated by AC filter was calculated and the expected value of reactive power consumption in converter station was determined. By using the quasi-steady state calculation formula of HVDC, the constraint relation between the maximum DC current value and the AC voltage under different fault types was obtained by determining the limit range of the trigger angle. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed recovery strategy in this paper were verified on the CIGRE HVDC model and the Gui Guang II HVDC model in terms of restraining the subsequent commutation failure and improving the system recovery performance.
It is of great significance to make full use of the good controllability and the fast response ability of the high voltage direct current(HVDC) transmission system to improve the recovery performance of the HVDC system. First, by analyzing the relationship between the DC current instruction value, the AC bus voltage and the reactive power of the converter station, the rule of DC current instruction changing with AC bus voltage was obtained under the premise of setting the reactive power exchange of the converter station as a desired value. Next, based on instantaneous reactive power theory, the reactive power compensated by AC filter was calculated and the expected value of reactive power consumption in converter station was determined. By using the quasi-steady state calculation formula of HVDC, the constraint relation between the maximum DC current value and the AC voltage under different fault types was obtained by determining the limit range of the trigger angle. Finally, the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed recovery strategy in this paper were verified on the CIGRE HVDC model and the Gui Guang II HVDC model in terms of restraining the subsequent commutation failure and improving the system recovery performance.
引文
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[10]汪娟娟,张尧,林凌雪.交流故障后MIDC系统的协调恢复策略[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(10):79-83.Wang Juanjuan,Zhang Yao,Lin Lingxue.Coordinated recovery strategy of MIDC system after AC faults[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2009,29(10):79-83(in Chinese).
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[13]郑超,周静敏,李惠玲,等.换相失败预测控制对电压稳定性影响及优化措施[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):179-183.Zheng Chao,Zhou Jingmin,Li Huiling,et al.Impact of commutation failure prediction control on voltage stability and its optimization measures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):179-183(in Chinese).
[14]郑超,马世英,盛灿辉,等.以直流逆变站为动态无功源的暂态电压稳定控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6141-6149.Zheng Chao,Ma Shiying,Sheng Canhui,et al.Transient voltage stability control based on the HVDC inverter station acting as dynamic reactive source[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6141-6149(in Chinese).
[15]李春华,黄莹,李明,等.一种抑制高压直流输电换相失败的优化控制策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(6):1-7.Li Chunhua,Huang Ying,Li Ming,et al.An optimal control strategy to mitigate commutation failure of HVDC[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(6):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):18-21.Zhou Changchun,Xu Zheng.Simulation and analysis of recovery characteristics of HVDC connected to ac system with weak strength[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(11):18-21(in Chinese).
[17]汪娟娟,梁泽勇,李子林,等.高压直流输电系统低功率运行的无功控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):154-158.Wang Juanjuan,Liang Zeyong,Li Zilin,et al.Reactive power control strategy for low power operation of HVDCtransmission system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(6):154-158(in Chinese).
[18]黄梦华,汪娟娟,李瑶佳,等.高压直流定无功功率交流故障恢复方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):143-148.Huang Menghua,Wang Juanjuan,Li Yaojia,et al.Constant reactive power control during AC fault recovery for HVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):143-148(in Chinese).
[19]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1984,IA-20(3):625-630.
[20]郭春义,张岩坡,赵成勇,等.STATCOM对双馈入直流系统运行特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):99-106.Guo Chunyi,Zhang Yanpo,Zhao Chengyong,et al.Impact of STATCOM on the operating characteristics of double-infeed HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):99-106(in Chinese).
[2]赵畹君.高压直流输电工程技术[M].2版.北京:中国电力出版社,2011.Zhao Wanjun.HVDC technology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2011(in Chinese).
[3]李子林,汪娟娟,李瑶佳,等.基于实际换相电压过零点的高压直流换流器开关函数建模[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5389-5398,5538.Li Zilin,Wang Juanjuan,Li Yaojia,et al.A switching function model of HVDC converters based on actual zero crossing points of commutating voltages[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5389-5398,5538(in Chinese).
[4]Bui M X,Nguyen M H,Saha T K.Dynamic simulation of HVDC interconnection in large power system[C]//2011IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Detroit,MI,USA:IEEE,2011:1-7.
[5]Rahimi E,Gole A M,Davies J B,et al.Commutation failure analysis in multi-infeed HVDC systems[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2011,26(1):378-384.
[6]Xue Ying,Zhang Xiaoping.Reactive power and ACvoltage control of LCC HVDC system with controllable capacitors[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,32(1):753-764.
[7]郑超,汤涌,马世英,等.直流整流站动态无功特性解析及优化措施[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(28):4886-4896.Zheng Chao,Tang Yong,Ma Shiying,et al.Study on the dynamic reactive power characteristic of HVDC rectifier stations and optimization measures[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(28):4886-4896(in Chinese).
[8]付颖,罗隆福,童泽,等.直流输电控制器低压限流环节的研究[J].高电压技术,2008,34(6):1110-1114.Fu Ying,Luo Longfu,Tong Ze,et al.Study on voltage dependent current order limiter of HVDC Transmission system's controller[J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(6):1110-1114(in Chinese).
[9]郭春义,李春华,刘羽超,等.一种抑制传统直流输电连续换相失败的虚拟电阻电流限制控制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(18):4930-4937.Guo Chunyi,Li Chunhua,Liu Yuchao,et al.A DC current limitation control method based on virtual-resistance to mitigate the continuous commutation failure for conventional HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(18):4930-4937(in Chinese).
[10]汪娟娟,张尧,林凌雪.交流故障后MIDC系统的协调恢复策略[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(10):79-83.Wang Juanjuan,Zhang Yao,Lin Lingxue.Coordinated recovery strategy of MIDC system after AC faults[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2009,29(10):79-83(in Chinese).
[11]Wei Zhinong,Yuan Yang,Lei Xiao,et al.Direct-current predictive control strategy for inhibiting commutation failure in HVDC converter[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(5):2409-2417.
[12]陈树勇,李新年,余军,等.基于正余弦分量检测的高压直流换相失败预防方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):1-6.Chen Shuyong,Li Xinnian,Yu Jun,et al.A method based on the sin-cos components detection mitigates commutation failure in HVDC[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):1-6(in Chinese).
[13]郑超,周静敏,李惠玲,等.换相失败预测控制对电压稳定性影响及优化措施[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):179-183.Zheng Chao,Zhou Jingmin,Li Huiling,et al.Impact of commutation failure prediction control on voltage stability and its optimization measures[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):179-183(in Chinese).
[14]郑超,马世英,盛灿辉,等.以直流逆变站为动态无功源的暂态电压稳定控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(34):6141-6149.Zheng Chao,Ma Shiying,Sheng Canhui,et al.Transient voltage stability control based on the HVDC inverter station acting as dynamic reactive source[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(34):6141-6149(in Chinese).
[15]李春华,黄莹,李明,等.一种抑制高压直流输电换相失败的优化控制策略[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(6):1-7.Li Chunhua,Huang Ying,Li Ming,et al.An optimal control strategy to mitigate commutation failure of HVDC[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(6):1-7(in Chinese).
[16]周长春,徐政.联于弱交流系统的HVDC故障恢复特性仿真分析[J].电网技术,2003,27(11):18-21.Zhou Changchun,Xu Zheng.Simulation and analysis of recovery characteristics of HVDC connected to ac system with weak strength[J].Power System Technology,2003,27(11):18-21(in Chinese).
[17]汪娟娟,梁泽勇,李子林,等.高压直流输电系统低功率运行的无功控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(6):154-158.Wang Juanjuan,Liang Zeyong,Li Zilin,et al.Reactive power control strategy for low power operation of HVDCtransmission system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(6):154-158(in Chinese).
[18]黄梦华,汪娟娟,李瑶佳,等.高压直流定无功功率交流故障恢复方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(3):143-148.Huang Menghua,Wang Juanjuan,Li Yaojia,et al.Constant reactive power control during AC fault recovery for HVDC[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(3):143-148(in Chinese).
[19]Akagi H,Kanazawa Y,Nabae A.Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage components[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1984,IA-20(3):625-630.
[20]郭春义,张岩坡,赵成勇,等.STATCOM对双馈入直流系统运行特性的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(25):99-106.Guo Chunyi,Zhang Yanpo,Zhao Chengyong,et al.Impact of STATCOM on the operating characteristics of double-infeed HVDC system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(25):99-106(in Chinese).