拉萨河流域植物群落的数量分类与排序
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摘要
青藏高原植物群落空间分异格局是异质生境条件下物种性状、种间相互作用等生态学过程共同作用的结果,对其分析有助于深入理解群落形成与环境因子之间的关系。基于拉萨河流域自然植被样带调查,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA)等方法,探讨了群落的结构组成及影响其结构分异的主导环境因子。结果表明:(1) TWINSPAN数量分类将拉萨河流域草地系统划分成12个群系类型,即圆叶合头菊+唐古拉翠雀花群系;紫花针茅群系;青藏臺草群系;雪层杜鹃+鲜卑花-西藏嵩草群系;高山嵩草群系;小叶金露梅群系;硬叶柳+杯腺柳群系;水栒子+拱枝绣线菊-高山嵩草群系;绢毛蔷薇-冷蒿+白草群系;大果圆柏-垂穗披碱草群系;铺地柏-藏橐吾+高原荨麻群系;醉鱼草+砂生槐群系。12种群系类型包含了较多的植被类型,包括高寒灌丛草甸、高寒灌丛草原、稀树草原、高寒草甸和高寒草原等。(2) CCA排序表明:影响拉萨河流域植物群系分布的主要环境因子是年均温度、海拔和经度和纬度,其次是年均降雨量。(3) TWINSPAN分类与CCA排序结合反映了群系分布格局变异与环境因子之间的关系,可为拉萨河流域草地的保护和可持续利用,以及相关的植被群落研究提供参考。
To predict the influences of environmental change on the composition of communities,it is indispensable to also understand the regional drivers underlying the structuring of these communities. The goal of this study was to investigate the natural vegetation in the Lhasa River Basin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and TWINSPAN and Canonical Correspondence Analysis( CCA) were used to explore the relationship between the community composition and the dominant environmental factors. The TWINSPAN quantitative classification divides the vegetation surveyed into 12 formation types. The 12 formation types include several vegetation types,including alpine shrub meadows,alpine shrubs,sparse grassland,alpine meadows,and alpine grasslands. The environmental factors explained a total of 20. 4% of the community distribution variation,in which the average annual temperature of climatic factors,the altitude,and the latitude of spatial factors had a larger interpretation rate for the community distribution variation than did the topographic factors,such as slope and slope position.However,the average annual rainfall had no prominent impact on the change in community composition. The comprehensive analysis of spatial variation in the vegetation community could help us to understand the relationships between community formation and environmental factors.
To predict the influences of environmental change on the composition of communities,it is indispensable to also understand the regional drivers underlying the structuring of these communities. The goal of this study was to investigate the natural vegetation in the Lhasa River Basin of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and TWINSPAN and Canonical Correspondence Analysis( CCA) were used to explore the relationship between the community composition and the dominant environmental factors. The TWINSPAN quantitative classification divides the vegetation surveyed into 12 formation types. The 12 formation types include several vegetation types,including alpine shrub meadows,alpine shrubs,sparse grassland,alpine meadows,and alpine grasslands. The environmental factors explained a total of 20. 4% of the community distribution variation,in which the average annual temperature of climatic factors,the altitude,and the latitude of spatial factors had a larger interpretation rate for the community distribution variation than did the topographic factors,such as slope and slope position.However,the average annual rainfall had no prominent impact on the change in community composition. The comprehensive analysis of spatial variation in the vegetation community could help us to understand the relationships between community formation and environmental factors.
引文
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[25]Van Couwenberghe R,Collet C,Lacombe E,Pierrat J C,Gégout J C.Gap partitioning among temperate tree species across a regional soil gradient in windstorm-disturbed forests.Forest Ecology and Management,2010,260(1):146-154.
[26]徐广才,康慕谊,马敏,刘全儒,朱源,王好,郭雯雯,徐丹.内蒙古大青山哈拉沁沟流域中游草本植被与环境的关系.山地学报,2007,25(4):393-399.
[27]王景升,姚帅臣,普穷,王志凯,冯继广.藏北高原草地群落的数量分类与排序.生态学报,2016,36(21):6889-6896.
[28]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,江源,穆桂金,杨发相.中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域生态因素对植物群落的影响.草业学报,2010,19(3):38-46.
[29]Leibold M A,Mikkelson G M.Coherence,species turnover,and boundary clumping:elements of meta-community structure.Oikos,2002,97(2):237-250.
[30]沈泽昊,张新时.中国亚热带地区植物区系地理成分及其空间析局的数量分析.植物分类学报,2000,38(4):366-380.
[31]Braak C J F T,Smilauer P.Canoco Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User’s Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(Version 4.5).Ithaca,NY,USA:Microcomputer Power,2002.
[32]Borcard D,Legendre P,Drapeau P.Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation.Ecology,1992,73(3):1045-1055.
[33]沈泽昊,张新时.三峡大老岭地区森林植被的空间格局分析及其地形解释.植物学报,2000,42(10):1089-1095.
[34]Φkland R H.On the variation explained by ordination and constrained ordination axes.Journal of Vegetation Science,1999,10(1):131-136.
[2]张金屯.历山自然保护区森林群落的典范主分量分析.生物数学学报,2005,20(2):213-218.
[3]李广水,宋丁全.植被数量分类的研究特点及发展趋势.安徽农业科学,2008,36(4):1707-1709.
[4]张金屯.数量生态学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2011.
[5]庾晓红,李贤伟,白降丽.我国植被数量分析方法的研究概况和发展趋势.生态学杂志,2005,24(4):448-451.
[6]Whittaker R H.Classification of Plant Communities.Dordrecht:Springer,1978.
[7]De'ath G.Multivariate regression trees:a new technique for modeling species-environment relationships.Ecology,2002,83(4):1105-1117.
[8]赖江山,米湘成,任海保,马克平.基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类---以古田山24公顷森林样地为例.植物生态学报,2010,34(7):761-769.
[9]孙鸿烈,郑度,姚檀栋,张镱锂.青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设.地理学报,2012,67(1):3-12.
[10]李海东,沈渭寿,方颖,燕守广,张慧,赵卫.雅鲁藏布江中游河岸带几种主要沙生植物种群点格局分析.植物生态学报,2011,35(8):834-843.
[11]蔡晓布.西藏“一江两河”地区土壤退化特征.土壤肥料,2003,(3):4-7.
[12]张鹏,格桑卓玛,范建容,陈阳,尼玛占堆.西藏“一江两河”地区土壤侵蚀现状及分布特征.水土保持研究,2017,24(1):49-53.
[13]Li W H.An overview of ecological research conducted on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Resources and Ecology,2017,8(1):1-4.
[14]罗黎鸣,苗彦军,武建双,潘影,土艳丽,余成群,赵延,赵贯锋,武俊喜.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地物种多样性随海拔升高的变化特征.草业学报,2014,23(6):320-326.
[15]罗黎鸣,武建双,余成群,潘影,苗彦军,武俊喜,明升平,郭应杰.拉萨河谷山地灌丛草地植物多样性监测方法的比较研究.草业学报,2016,25(3):22-31.
[16]拉琼,扎西次仁,朱卫东,许敏,钟扬.雅鲁藏布江河岸植物物种丰富度分布格局及其环境解释.生物多样性,2014,22(3):337-347.
[17]杨小林,赵垦田,马和平,禄树晖,罗健.拉萨半干旱河谷地带的植被数量生态研究.林业科学,2010,46(10):15-22.
[18]张燕杰,崔玲玲,庞有智,刘杰,拉多.拉萨河谷植物群落分类与排序及物种丰富度与环境的关系.生态学杂志,2015,34(12):3289-3299.
[19]姚帅臣,王景升,丁陆彬,包小婷,李超,王彤,刘文婧,李妍妍.拉萨河谷草地群落的数量分类与排序.生态学报,2018,38(13):4779-4788.
[20]李明森.藏北高原草地资源合理利用.自然资源学报,2000,15(4):335-339.
[21]Dixon P.VEGAN,a package of R functions for community ecology.Journal of Vegetation Science,2003,14(6):927-930.
[22]Hill M O,Gauch H G Jr.Detrended correspondence analysis:an improved ordination technique.Vegetatio,1980,42(1/3):47-58.
[23]段敏杰,高清竹,郭亚奇,万运帆,李玉娥,干珠扎布,旦久罗布,韦兰亭,西饶卓玛.藏北高寒草地植物群落物种多样性沿海拔梯度的分布格局.草业科学,2011,28(10):1845-1850.
[24]Siefert A,Ravenscroft C,Althoff D,Alvarez‐Yépiz J C,Carter B E,Glennon K L,Heberling J M,Jo I S,Pontes A,Sauer A,Willis A,Fridley J D.Scale dependence of vegetation-environment relationships:a meta‐analysis of multivariate data.Journal of Vegetation Science,2012,23(5):942-951.
[25]Van Couwenberghe R,Collet C,Lacombe E,Pierrat J C,Gégout J C.Gap partitioning among temperate tree species across a regional soil gradient in windstorm-disturbed forests.Forest Ecology and Management,2010,260(1):146-154.
[26]徐广才,康慕谊,马敏,刘全儒,朱源,王好,郭雯雯,徐丹.内蒙古大青山哈拉沁沟流域中游草本植被与环境的关系.山地学报,2007,25(4):393-399.
[27]王景升,姚帅臣,普穷,王志凯,冯继广.藏北高原草地群落的数量分类与排序.生态学报,2016,36(21):6889-6896.
[28]桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,江源,穆桂金,杨发相.中昆仑山北坡策勒河流域生态因素对植物群落的影响.草业学报,2010,19(3):38-46.
[29]Leibold M A,Mikkelson G M.Coherence,species turnover,and boundary clumping:elements of meta-community structure.Oikos,2002,97(2):237-250.
[30]沈泽昊,张新时.中国亚热带地区植物区系地理成分及其空间析局的数量分析.植物分类学报,2000,38(4):366-380.
[31]Braak C J F T,Smilauer P.Canoco Reference Manual and CanoDraw for Windows User’s Guide:Software for Canonical Community Ordination(Version 4.5).Ithaca,NY,USA:Microcomputer Power,2002.
[32]Borcard D,Legendre P,Drapeau P.Partialling out the spatial component of ecological variation.Ecology,1992,73(3):1045-1055.
[33]沈泽昊,张新时.三峡大老岭地区森林植被的空间格局分析及其地形解释.植物学报,2000,42(10):1089-1095.
[34]Φkland R H.On the variation explained by ordination and constrained ordination axes.Journal of Vegetation Science,1999,10(1):131-136.
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