高速铁路路堤-路堑过渡段复杂风场和列车气动效应风洞试验研究
|
摘要
中国地形地貌复杂多变,线路交替必不可少,为了探究高速铁路路堤-路堑过渡区域的列车气动效应和复杂风场,该文建立了大比例试验模型,采用风洞试验的方法对线路上方不同位置处的风速剖面和线路不同位置处的车辆气动力进行了测试。试验结果表明:路堤-路堑过渡段对气流的影响范围在轨道上方250 mm以内;线路交界处上方较低区域的风剖面由路堑主导,较高区域受路堤主导;风速变化对列车沿线移动的气动力变化趋势影响不大;在过渡区域,线路交界处附近对行车安全最不利,且路堤侧更为不利;受雷诺数效应的影响,气动力系数整体上随风速的增大而减小。
The topography and geomorphology are complex and changeable in China,and the railway transition zones are indispensable.In order to investigate the vehicle aerodynamic effects and complex wind field in embankment-cutting transition zone,a large-scale model was established to measure the wind speed profiles above the track and the train aerodynamic forces at different locations along the track by using wind tunnel test.The test results show that the influence height of embankment-cutting transition zone on air flow is less than 250 mm above the track.The wind velocity profile at the lower height of the railway junction is dominated by the cutting while the higher height is dominated by the embankment.Wind speed has little influence on the changing trend of train aerodynamic forces along the track.In the transition zone,the most unfavorable area for traffic safety exists near the junction of the railway,especially at the sides of embankment.The aerodynamic coefficients decrease while the wind speed increases due to the Reynolds number effect.
The topography and geomorphology are complex and changeable in China,and the railway transition zones are indispensable.In order to investigate the vehicle aerodynamic effects and complex wind field in embankment-cutting transition zone,a large-scale model was established to measure the wind speed profiles above the track and the train aerodynamic forces at different locations along the track by using wind tunnel test.The test results show that the influence height of embankment-cutting transition zone on air flow is less than 250 mm above the track.The wind velocity profile at the lower height of the railway junction is dominated by the cutting while the higher height is dominated by the embankment.Wind speed has little influence on the changing trend of train aerodynamic forces along the track.In the transition zone,the most unfavorable area for traffic safety exists near the junction of the railway,especially at the sides of embankment.The aerodynamic coefficients decrease while the wind speed increases due to the Reynolds number effect.
引文
[1]田红旗.中国列车空气动力学研究进展[J].交通运输工程学报,2006,6(1):1―9.Tian Hongqi.Study evolvement of train aerodynamic in China[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2006,6(1):1―9.(in Chinese)
[2]郭薇薇,夏禾,徐幼麟.风荷载作用下大跨度悬索桥的动力响应及列车运行安全分析[J].工程力学,2006,23(2):103―110.Guo Weiwei,Xia He,Xu Youlin.Dynamic response of long span suspension bridge and running safety of train under wind action[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(2):103―110.(in Chinese)
[3]金学松,郭俊,肖新标,等.高速列车安全运行研究的关键科学问题[J].工程力学,2009,26(增刊2):8―22,105.Jin Xuesong,Guo Jun,Xiao Xinbiao,et al.Key scientific problems in the study on running safety of high speed trains[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(Suppl 2):8―22,105.(in Chinese)
[4]Fujii T,Maeda T,Ishida H,et al.Wind-induced accidents of train/vehicles and their measures in Japan[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,1999,40(1):50―55.
[5]丁嘉杰.强横风环境下高速铁路风速测点合理位置研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.Ding Jiajie.Study on reasonable positions for measurement points of wind speeds under strong crosswind on high-speed railway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese)
[6]高广军,田红旗,姚松,等.兰新线强横风对车辆倾覆稳定性的影响[J].铁道学报.2004,26(4):36―40.Gao Guangjun,Tian Hongqi,Yao Song,et al.Effect of strong cross-wind on the satbility of trains running on the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway line[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2004,26(4):36―40.(in Chinese)
[7]熊小慧,梁习锋,高广军,等.兰州-新疆线强侧风作用下车辆的气动特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2006,37(6):1183―1188.Xiong Xiaohui,Liang Xifeng,Gao Guangjun,et al.Train aerodynamic characteristics in strong cross wind on Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway Line[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(6):1183―1188.(in Chinese)
[8]王少钦,马骎,夏禾,等.风-列车-大跨度悬索桥系统非线性耦合振动分析[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):150―157.Wang Shaoqin,Ma Qin,Xia He,et al.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a wind-train-long-span suspension bridge coupling system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):150―157.(in Chinese)
[9]李永乐,董世赋,臧瑜,等.大跨度公轨两用悬索桥风-车-桥耦合振动及抗风行车准则研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(12):114―120.Li Yongle,Dong Shifu,Zang Yu,et al.Coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge system for long-span road-rail suspension bridge and resistant-wind criterion of running train[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(12):114―120.(in Chinese)
[10]李永乐,徐昕宇,郭建明,等.六线双层铁路钢桁桥车桥系统气动特性风洞试验研究[J].工程力学.2016,33(04):130―135.Li Yongle,Xu Xinyu,Guo Jianming,et al.Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle-bridge system for six-track double-deck steel-truss railway bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(04):130―135.(in Chinese)
[11]梅元贵,许建林,赵鹤群,等.侧风环境下高速列车外部流场数值模拟方法研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(6):253―258,278.Mei Yuangui,Xu Jianlin,Zhao Hequn,et al.A research on numerical method of air flow around the high-speed train under crosswind[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(6):253―258,278.(in Chinese)
[12]Baker C J.The determination of topographical exposure factors for railway[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1985,21(1):89―99.
[13]Suzuki M,Tanemoto K,Maeda T.Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91(1/2):209―218.
[14]Avila-Sanchez S,Pindado S,Lopez-Garcia O,et al.Wind tunnel analysis of the aerodynamic loads on rolling stock over railway embankments:The effect of shelter windbreaks[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:1―17.
[15]Cheli F,Corradi R,Rocchi D,et al.Wind tunnel tests on train scale models to investigate the effect of infrastructure scenario[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(6/7):353―362.
[16]Cheli F,Giappino S,Rosa L,et al.Experimental study on the aerodynamic forces on railway vehicles in presence of turbulence[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,123(Part B):311―316.
[17]Bocciolone M,Cheli F,Corradi R,et al.Crosswind action on rail vehicles:Wind tunnel experimental analyses[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(5):584―610.
[18]Tomasini G,Giappino S,Corradi R.Experimental investigation of the effects of embankment scenario on railway vehicle aerodynamic coefficients[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,131:59―71.
[19]Giappino S,Rocchi D,Schito P,et al.Cross wind and rollover risk on lightweight railway vehicles[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,153:106―112.
[20]Zhang J,Gao G J,Liu T H,et al.Crosswind stability of high-speed trains in special cuts[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(7):2849―2856.
[21]Liu Tanghong,Zhang Jie.Effect of landform on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in cutting under cross wind[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,23(3):830―836.
[22]Liu Tanghong,Chen Zhengwei,Zhou Xisai,et al.A CFDanalysis of the aerodynamics of a high-speed train passing through a windbreak transition under crosswind[J].Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics,2018,12(1):137―151.
[2]郭薇薇,夏禾,徐幼麟.风荷载作用下大跨度悬索桥的动力响应及列车运行安全分析[J].工程力学,2006,23(2):103―110.Guo Weiwei,Xia He,Xu Youlin.Dynamic response of long span suspension bridge and running safety of train under wind action[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(2):103―110.(in Chinese)
[3]金学松,郭俊,肖新标,等.高速列车安全运行研究的关键科学问题[J].工程力学,2009,26(增刊2):8―22,105.Jin Xuesong,Guo Jun,Xiao Xinbiao,et al.Key scientific problems in the study on running safety of high speed trains[J].Engineering Mechanics,2009,26(Suppl 2):8―22,105.(in Chinese)
[4]Fujii T,Maeda T,Ishida H,et al.Wind-induced accidents of train/vehicles and their measures in Japan[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,1999,40(1):50―55.
[5]丁嘉杰.强横风环境下高速铁路风速测点合理位置研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2017.Ding Jiajie.Study on reasonable positions for measurement points of wind speeds under strong crosswind on high-speed railway[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2017.(in Chinese)
[6]高广军,田红旗,姚松,等.兰新线强横风对车辆倾覆稳定性的影响[J].铁道学报.2004,26(4):36―40.Gao Guangjun,Tian Hongqi,Yao Song,et al.Effect of strong cross-wind on the satbility of trains running on the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway line[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2004,26(4):36―40.(in Chinese)
[7]熊小慧,梁习锋,高广军,等.兰州-新疆线强侧风作用下车辆的气动特性[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2006,37(6):1183―1188.Xiong Xiaohui,Liang Xifeng,Gao Guangjun,et al.Train aerodynamic characteristics in strong cross wind on Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway Line[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),2006,37(6):1183―1188.(in Chinese)
[8]王少钦,马骎,夏禾,等.风-列车-大跨度悬索桥系统非线性耦合振动分析[J].工程力学,2016,33(12):150―157.Wang Shaoqin,Ma Qin,Xia He,et al.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of a wind-train-long-span suspension bridge coupling system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(12):150―157.(in Chinese)
[9]李永乐,董世赋,臧瑜,等.大跨度公轨两用悬索桥风-车-桥耦合振动及抗风行车准则研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(12):114―120.Li Yongle,Dong Shifu,Zang Yu,et al.Coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge system for long-span road-rail suspension bridge and resistant-wind criterion of running train[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(12):114―120.(in Chinese)
[10]李永乐,徐昕宇,郭建明,等.六线双层铁路钢桁桥车桥系统气动特性风洞试验研究[J].工程力学.2016,33(04):130―135.Li Yongle,Xu Xinyu,Guo Jianming,et al.Wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle-bridge system for six-track double-deck steel-truss railway bridge[J].Engineering Mechanics,2016,33(04):130―135.(in Chinese)
[11]梅元贵,许建林,赵鹤群,等.侧风环境下高速列车外部流场数值模拟方法研究[J].工程力学,2012,29(6):253―258,278.Mei Yuangui,Xu Jianlin,Zhao Hequn,et al.A research on numerical method of air flow around the high-speed train under crosswind[J].Engineering Mechanics,2012,29(6):253―258,278.(in Chinese)
[12]Baker C J.The determination of topographical exposure factors for railway[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1985,21(1):89―99.
[13]Suzuki M,Tanemoto K,Maeda T.Aerodynamic characteristics of train/vehicles under cross winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2003,91(1/2):209―218.
[14]Avila-Sanchez S,Pindado S,Lopez-Garcia O,et al.Wind tunnel analysis of the aerodynamic loads on rolling stock over railway embankments:The effect of shelter windbreaks[J].The Scientific World Journal,2014,2014:1―17.
[15]Cheli F,Corradi R,Rocchi D,et al.Wind tunnel tests on train scale models to investigate the effect of infrastructure scenario[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(6/7):353―362.
[16]Cheli F,Giappino S,Rosa L,et al.Experimental study on the aerodynamic forces on railway vehicles in presence of turbulence[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2013,123(Part B):311―316.
[17]Bocciolone M,Cheli F,Corradi R,et al.Crosswind action on rail vehicles:Wind tunnel experimental analyses[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2008,96(5):584―610.
[18]Tomasini G,Giappino S,Corradi R.Experimental investigation of the effects of embankment scenario on railway vehicle aerodynamic coefficients[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,131:59―71.
[19]Giappino S,Rocchi D,Schito P,et al.Cross wind and rollover risk on lightweight railway vehicles[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2016,153:106―112.
[20]Zhang J,Gao G J,Liu T H,et al.Crosswind stability of high-speed trains in special cuts[J].Journal of Central South University,2015,22(7):2849―2856.
[21]Liu Tanghong,Zhang Jie.Effect of landform on aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains in cutting under cross wind[J].Journal of Central South University,2013,23(3):830―836.
[22]Liu Tanghong,Chen Zhengwei,Zhou Xisai,et al.A CFDanalysis of the aerodynamics of a high-speed train passing through a windbreak transition under crosswind[J].Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics,2018,12(1):137―151.