PDC破岩条件下的岩石研磨性评价
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摘要
岩石的研磨性是钻井过程中钻头的磨损预测及优化的重要因素。为了预测钻遇地层岩石的研磨性,建立了钻井过程中PDC复合片的磨损计算模型,从而得到了岩石研磨性的预测方法。首先,通过复合片与地层之间的受力分析并结合岩石的破碎条件,建立了不同钻压条件下地层对复合片的作用力计算模型。根据石英含量的概率密度分布情况,获得了岩石中参与磨损的颗粒与复合片底部的真实作用力。然后,根据PDC复合片磨损的几何原理,建立了地层对钻头复合片的磨损计算模型。通过室内实验对模型进行修正,分析了岩石各种属性对复合片磨损的影响规律,揭示了各参数影响复合片磨损的主次顺序依次为:弹性模量>石英含量>内摩擦角>表面粗糙度>泊松比>内聚力。基于该磨损模型建立了岩石研磨性评价指标,对制定了岩石研磨性的分级标准具有一定的借鉴意义。
Rock abrasiveness is an important factor in predicting bit wear during drilling and bit optimization. In order to predict the abrasiveness of the drilled rock,a wear calculation model of PDC compact in the drilling process is developed,and a prediction model of rock abrasiveness is proposed.Firstly,based on analysis of the force between the compact and rock and cracking conditions,a force calculation model of the compact is established for different drilling pressures. Since the actual contact area between the rock and the compact only appears on the tiny part of the apparent area,the real force of particles involved in the wear and the bottom of the compact is obtained according to the probability density distribution of quartz content. Then,based on the geometrical principle of PDC compact wear,the wear calculation model of the compact is established. This model is further modified by laboratory experiments,and then the influence of various attributes of rock on the wear of compact is analyzed,which reveals the order of the parameters affecting the wear of the compact as follows: elastic modulus > quartz content > internal friction angle > surface roughness > Poisson's ratio > cohesion. Based on the wear model,the evaluation indexes of rock abrasiveness are established,which can serve as a reference for establishment of grading standard of rock abrasiveness.
Rock abrasiveness is an important factor in predicting bit wear during drilling and bit optimization. In order to predict the abrasiveness of the drilled rock,a wear calculation model of PDC compact in the drilling process is developed,and a prediction model of rock abrasiveness is proposed.Firstly,based on analysis of the force between the compact and rock and cracking conditions,a force calculation model of the compact is established for different drilling pressures. Since the actual contact area between the rock and the compact only appears on the tiny part of the apparent area,the real force of particles involved in the wear and the bottom of the compact is obtained according to the probability density distribution of quartz content. Then,based on the geometrical principle of PDC compact wear,the wear calculation model of the compact is established. This model is further modified by laboratory experiments,and then the influence of various attributes of rock on the wear of compact is analyzed,which reveals the order of the parameters affecting the wear of the compact as follows: elastic modulus > quartz content > internal friction angle > surface roughness > Poisson's ratio > cohesion. Based on the wear model,the evaluation indexes of rock abrasiveness are established,which can serve as a reference for establishment of grading standard of rock abrasiveness.
引文
Bamford W E,Duyse H V,Nieble C,Rummel F,Broch E,Franklin J A,Atkinson R H,Tarkoy P J,Deere D U.1978.Suggested methods for determining hardness and abrasiveness of rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,15(3):89-97.
Checkina O G,Goryacheva I G,Krasnik V G.1996.The model for tool wear in rock cutting[J].Wear,198(1-2):33-38.
Chen Junhai,Wang Yi,Han Yannong,Zeng Yijin,Sun Lianhuan.2017.A new method for assessing rocks drillabity for PDC bits via a scratch testing[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Nature Science),41(2):94-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Leqiu.2017.Test of effects of strain rate on mechanical properties of rock[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1025-1031(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Yinghua.2008.Experimental study of rock-breaking with an offset single cone bit[J].Petroleum Science,5(2):179-182.
Geoffroy H,Minh D N.1997.Study on interaction between rocks and worn PDC'S cutter[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(3-4):611-611.
Hutchings I M.1992.Tribology:Friction and wear of engineering materials[M].London:Edward Arnold:82-84,142-144.
Hu Yuanzhong,Li Na.1991.A dynamic system model for lubricated sliding wear and running-in[J].Journal of Tribology,113(3):499-505.
Li Tianjun.2012.Mechanical analysis and fragmentation mechanism of PDC bits drilling rock[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):35-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Tianjun.2016.Theoretical analysis and calculation of the power dissipation of the PDC drill bit[J].Geology and Exploration,52(5):937-941(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qin,Liu Yongsheng,Huang Zhiqiang,Cai Chunlei.2016.Exploring mechanism and numerical simulation of rock breaking process using PDC bit[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,35(2):203-209(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xiangjun,Yan Jianjun,Luo Pingya,Meng Yingfeng.2005.Evaluation on rock drill-ability by well logging data[J].Natural Gas Industry,25(7):69-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
Narayanaswamy B,Hodgson P,Beladi H.2016.Comparisons of the twobody abrasive wear behaviour of four different ferrous microstructures with similar hardness levels[J].Wear,350:155-165.
Ohno T,Karasawa H,Kobayashi H.2002.Cost reduction of polycrystalline diamond compact bits through improved durability[J].Geothermics,31(2):245-262.
Pan Qifeng,Gao Deli,Sun Shuzhen,Kong Xiangcheng.2005.A new method for PDC bit selection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):123-126(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qian Baowei,Liu Wei,Jia Zhenyuan,Fu Rao,Bai yu,He Chunling.2017.Wear mechanism of double point angle drill bit in drilling CFRP composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,34(4):749-757(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Songcheng,Duan Longchen,Ye Xuefeng,Wang Hongbo.2013.Current status and tendency of research on oil bits for hard rock drilling[J].Geology and Exploration,49(2):373-378(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Shengli.2014.A finite element analysis on the PDC coring bit used in Wenchuan scientific drilling[J].Geology and Exploration,50(3):577-582(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vern K K.2015 Effect of size and shape of PDC cutter on wear rate in multi layer formation[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,114(1):204-205.
Voss R F.1985.Random fractal forgeries[J].Fundamental Algorithms for Computer Graphics,17(1):805-835.
Wang Bin,Zou Deyong,Lin Sen,He Renqing,Lu Taomei.2015.Wear resistance test of conical PDC cutter[J].China Petroleum Machinery,43(7):23-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Da,He Yuanxin.2014.Geological drilling handbook[M].Changsha:Zhongnan University Press:137-140(in Chinese).
Wang Hongbo,Liu Jiaopeng,Lu Pengfei,Shu Shangwen.2011.General situations of development and application of PDC bits[J].Diamond and Abrasives Engineering,31(4):74-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen Shizhu,Huang Ping.2012.Principle of tribology(Fourth edition)[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:219-222(in Chinese).
Xing Enhao.2016 The PDC abrasiveness research of Daqing deep reservoir[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University:7-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xing Jian.2005.Wear analysis and performance study of PDC drilling bit cutter[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology:11-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yahiaoui M,Gerbaud L,Paris J Y,Denape J,Dourfaye A.2013.A study on PDC drill bits quality[J].Wear,298-299(1):32-41.
Yin Hongjin.1982.Statistical classification of the drillability of the formations in oilfields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,3(3):75-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Hongjin,Yan Yihua.1992.Rock abrasiveness measurement with ultrahard materirl[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),16(5):25-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Wenbo,Xu Hong.2005.Abrasion analysis of PDC bit cutting tooth and suggestions for improvement[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,27(4):168-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou Deyong,Wang Ruihe.2003.Experimental study on rock abrasiveness with PDC bit[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),27(2):41-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou Deyong,Yuan Jun,Xing Chen,Meng Xiangyu,Liu Xiaoao.2016.Amodified determination method of rock`s abrasiveness for well drilling using diamond bits[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),40(4):73-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈军海,王怡,韩艳浓,曾义金,孙连环.2017.一种利用岩石强度刻划试验确定岩石PDC钻头可钻性级值的方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),41(2):94-99.
陈乐求.2017.岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1025-1031.
李田军.2012.PDC钻头破碎岩石的力学分析与机理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):35-42.
李田军.2016.PDC碎岩功耗的理论分析与计算[J].地质与勘探,52(5):937-941.
李琴,刘永升,黄志强,蔡春雷.2016.PDC钻头切削破岩机理及数值模拟研究[J].机械科学与技术,35(2):203-209.
刘向君,宴建军,罗平亚,孟英峰.2005.利用测井资料评价岩石可钻性研究[J].天然气工业,25(7):69-71.
潘起峰,高德利,孙书贞,孔祥成.2005.PDC钻头选型新方法[J].石油学报,26(3):123-126.
钱宝伟,刘巍,贾振元,付饶,白玉,何春伶.2017.双顶角钻头钻削CFRP复合材料的刀具磨损机制[J].复合材料学报,34(4):749-757.
谭松成,段隆臣,叶雪峰,王红波.2013.硬岩钻进用石油钻头研究现状及发展趋势[J].地质与勘探,49(2):373-378.
唐胜利.2014.汶川科学钻探PDC取心钻头有限元分析[J].地质与勘探,50(3):577-582.
王滨,邹德永,林森,何仁清,陆桃妹.2015.锥形PDC齿耐磨性能试验研究[J].石油机械,43(7):23-26.
王达,何远信.2014.地质钻探手册[M].长沙:中南大学出版社:137-140.
王红波,刘娇鹏,鲁鹏飞,舒尚文.2011.PDC钻头发展与应用概况[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,31(4):74-78.
温诗铸,黄平.2012.摩擦学原理(第四版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社:219-222.
邢恩浩.2016.大庆深层PDC研磨性研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学:7-14.
邢剑.2005.PDC钻头切削齿磨损分析与性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学:11-14.
尹宏锦.1982.油田岩石可钻性统计分级法[J].石油学报,3(3):75-82.
尹宏锦,闫懿华.1992.用超硬材料测定岩石研磨性[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),16(5):25-29.
余文波,徐弘.2005.PDC钻头切割齿磨损分析及改进建议[J].石油天然气学报,27(4):168-169.
邹德永,王瑞和.2003.PDC钻头的岩石研磨性试验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(2):41-43.
邹德永,袁军,邢晨,孟祥雨,刘笑傲.2016.针对金刚石钻头的岩石研磨性测定方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(4):73-80.
(1)张辉,高德利. 2012.测定岩石研磨性的方法及系统,CN102735821 A[P]
Checkina O G,Goryacheva I G,Krasnik V G.1996.The model for tool wear in rock cutting[J].Wear,198(1-2):33-38.
Chen Junhai,Wang Yi,Han Yannong,Zeng Yijin,Sun Lianhuan.2017.A new method for assessing rocks drillabity for PDC bits via a scratch testing[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Nature Science),41(2):94-99(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Leqiu.2017.Test of effects of strain rate on mechanical properties of rock[J].Geology and Exploration,53(5):1025-1031(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen Yinghua.2008.Experimental study of rock-breaking with an offset single cone bit[J].Petroleum Science,5(2):179-182.
Geoffroy H,Minh D N.1997.Study on interaction between rocks and worn PDC'S cutter[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,34(3-4):611-611.
Hutchings I M.1992.Tribology:Friction and wear of engineering materials[M].London:Edward Arnold:82-84,142-144.
Hu Yuanzhong,Li Na.1991.A dynamic system model for lubricated sliding wear and running-in[J].Journal of Tribology,113(3):499-505.
Li Tianjun.2012.Mechanical analysis and fragmentation mechanism of PDC bits drilling rock[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing):35-42(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Tianjun.2016.Theoretical analysis and calculation of the power dissipation of the PDC drill bit[J].Geology and Exploration,52(5):937-941(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Qin,Liu Yongsheng,Huang Zhiqiang,Cai Chunlei.2016.Exploring mechanism and numerical simulation of rock breaking process using PDC bit[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,35(2):203-209(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Xiangjun,Yan Jianjun,Luo Pingya,Meng Yingfeng.2005.Evaluation on rock drill-ability by well logging data[J].Natural Gas Industry,25(7):69-71(in Chinese with English abstract).
Narayanaswamy B,Hodgson P,Beladi H.2016.Comparisons of the twobody abrasive wear behaviour of four different ferrous microstructures with similar hardness levels[J].Wear,350:155-165.
Ohno T,Karasawa H,Kobayashi H.2002.Cost reduction of polycrystalline diamond compact bits through improved durability[J].Geothermics,31(2):245-262.
Pan Qifeng,Gao Deli,Sun Shuzhen,Kong Xiangcheng.2005.A new method for PDC bit selection[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,26(3):123-126(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qian Baowei,Liu Wei,Jia Zhenyuan,Fu Rao,Bai yu,He Chunling.2017.Wear mechanism of double point angle drill bit in drilling CFRP composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,34(4):749-757(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tan Songcheng,Duan Longchen,Ye Xuefeng,Wang Hongbo.2013.Current status and tendency of research on oil bits for hard rock drilling[J].Geology and Exploration,49(2):373-378(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang Shengli.2014.A finite element analysis on the PDC coring bit used in Wenchuan scientific drilling[J].Geology and Exploration,50(3):577-582(in Chinese with English abstract).
Vern K K.2015 Effect of size and shape of PDC cutter on wear rate in multi layer formation[J].Journal of Investigative Dermatology,114(1):204-205.
Voss R F.1985.Random fractal forgeries[J].Fundamental Algorithms for Computer Graphics,17(1):805-835.
Wang Bin,Zou Deyong,Lin Sen,He Renqing,Lu Taomei.2015.Wear resistance test of conical PDC cutter[J].China Petroleum Machinery,43(7):23-26(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Da,He Yuanxin.2014.Geological drilling handbook[M].Changsha:Zhongnan University Press:137-140(in Chinese).
Wang Hongbo,Liu Jiaopeng,Lu Pengfei,Shu Shangwen.2011.General situations of development and application of PDC bits[J].Diamond and Abrasives Engineering,31(4):74-78(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen Shizhu,Huang Ping.2012.Principle of tribology(Fourth edition)[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press:219-222(in Chinese).
Xing Enhao.2016 The PDC abrasiveness research of Daqing deep reservoir[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University:7-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xing Jian.2005.Wear analysis and performance study of PDC drilling bit cutter[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology:11-14(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yahiaoui M,Gerbaud L,Paris J Y,Denape J,Dourfaye A.2013.A study on PDC drill bits quality[J].Wear,298-299(1):32-41.
Yin Hongjin.1982.Statistical classification of the drillability of the formations in oilfields[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,3(3):75-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yin Hongjin,Yan Yihua.1992.Rock abrasiveness measurement with ultrahard materirl[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),16(5):25-29(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yu Wenbo,Xu Hong.2005.Abrasion analysis of PDC bit cutting tooth and suggestions for improvement[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,27(4):168-169(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou Deyong,Wang Ruihe.2003.Experimental study on rock abrasiveness with PDC bit[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),27(2):41-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zou Deyong,Yuan Jun,Xing Chen,Meng Xiangyu,Liu Xiaoao.2016.Amodified determination method of rock`s abrasiveness for well drilling using diamond bits[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(E-dition of Nature Science),40(4):73-80(in Chinese with English abstract).
陈军海,王怡,韩艳浓,曾义金,孙连环.2017.一种利用岩石强度刻划试验确定岩石PDC钻头可钻性级值的方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),41(2):94-99.
陈乐求.2017.岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验[J].地质与勘探,53(5):1025-1031.
李田军.2012.PDC钻头破碎岩石的力学分析与机理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京):35-42.
李田军.2016.PDC碎岩功耗的理论分析与计算[J].地质与勘探,52(5):937-941.
李琴,刘永升,黄志强,蔡春雷.2016.PDC钻头切削破岩机理及数值模拟研究[J].机械科学与技术,35(2):203-209.
刘向君,宴建军,罗平亚,孟英峰.2005.利用测井资料评价岩石可钻性研究[J].天然气工业,25(7):69-71.
潘起峰,高德利,孙书贞,孔祥成.2005.PDC钻头选型新方法[J].石油学报,26(3):123-126.
钱宝伟,刘巍,贾振元,付饶,白玉,何春伶.2017.双顶角钻头钻削CFRP复合材料的刀具磨损机制[J].复合材料学报,34(4):749-757.
谭松成,段隆臣,叶雪峰,王红波.2013.硬岩钻进用石油钻头研究现状及发展趋势[J].地质与勘探,49(2):373-378.
唐胜利.2014.汶川科学钻探PDC取心钻头有限元分析[J].地质与勘探,50(3):577-582.
王滨,邹德永,林森,何仁清,陆桃妹.2015.锥形PDC齿耐磨性能试验研究[J].石油机械,43(7):23-26.
王达,何远信.2014.地质钻探手册[M].长沙:中南大学出版社:137-140.
王红波,刘娇鹏,鲁鹏飞,舒尚文.2011.PDC钻头发展与应用概况[J].金刚石与磨料磨具工程,31(4):74-78.
温诗铸,黄平.2012.摩擦学原理(第四版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社:219-222.
邢恩浩.2016.大庆深层PDC研磨性研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学:7-14.
邢剑.2005.PDC钻头切削齿磨损分析与性能研究[D].北京:北京化工大学:11-14.
尹宏锦.1982.油田岩石可钻性统计分级法[J].石油学报,3(3):75-82.
尹宏锦,闫懿华.1992.用超硬材料测定岩石研磨性[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),16(5):25-29.
余文波,徐弘.2005.PDC钻头切割齿磨损分析及改进建议[J].石油天然气学报,27(4):168-169.
邹德永,王瑞和.2003.PDC钻头的岩石研磨性试验研究[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),27(2):41-43.
邹德永,袁军,邢晨,孟祥雨,刘笑傲.2016.针对金刚石钻头的岩石研磨性测定方法[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),40(4):73-80.
(1)张辉,高德利. 2012.测定岩石研磨性的方法及系统,CN102735821 A[P]