鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段有机质富集主控因素
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组7段(长7段)富有机质页岩中的有机碳含量呈异常高值,其有机质的富集从根本上来说是受古构造、古气候、古沉积环境和事件作用综合控制的。对这些控制因素进行分析,并探讨了他们在富有机质页岩形成过程中的作用。结果表明:长7段沉积期强烈的构造活动对有机质的富集起到了非常重要的作用,一方面导致盆地整体沉降,湖盆面积扩大,从而使得可容空间增大;另一方面诱发了多期的火山和湖底热液活动,并借此向湖泊中输送了大量的营养物质。充足的生长空间、丰富的营养物质和适宜的气候条件使得水生生物异常繁盛(湖泊初始生产力极高),这为富有机质页岩的形成提供了丰富的物质基础。尽管长7段沉积期氧化-亚氧化的底水环境不利于有机质的保存,但是在供给量充足的前提下,仍然使得大量的有机质保存了下来,从而造成了有机质在沉积物中的大量富集。
The TOC content of organic-rich shales in Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin is abnormally high. The organic matter enrichment is essentially controlled by a combination of paleostructures,paleoclimate,paleosedimentary environments and events. We have analyzed these controlling factors and discussed their roles in the formation of organic-rich shales of the study area. The results show that the strong tectonic activity in the depositional period of Chang 7 member played a very important role in its enrichment of organic matter. Firstly,it led to a wide-scale subsidence of the whole basin and to an expansion of the lake water surface,producing more accommodation space. Furthermore,it induced multi-stage volcanic and submerged hydrothermal activities,and thereby delivered a large amount of nutrients to the lake. Sufficient growth space,rich nutrients supply and suitable climatic conditions have made aquatic organisms flourish( the lacustrine primary productivity was extremely high),which has provided a rich material basis for the formation of organic-rich shales. Although the oxydic-suboxydic bottom-water environment in Chang 7 sedimentary period is not ideal to the preservation of organic matter,a large number of organic matters are still preserved due to adequate influx,resulting in the enrichment of organic matter in the sediments.
The TOC content of organic-rich shales in Chang 7 member of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin is abnormally high. The organic matter enrichment is essentially controlled by a combination of paleostructures,paleoclimate,paleosedimentary environments and events. We have analyzed these controlling factors and discussed their roles in the formation of organic-rich shales of the study area. The results show that the strong tectonic activity in the depositional period of Chang 7 member played a very important role in its enrichment of organic matter. Firstly,it led to a wide-scale subsidence of the whole basin and to an expansion of the lake water surface,producing more accommodation space. Furthermore,it induced multi-stage volcanic and submerged hydrothermal activities,and thereby delivered a large amount of nutrients to the lake. Sufficient growth space,rich nutrients supply and suitable climatic conditions have made aquatic organisms flourish( the lacustrine primary productivity was extremely high),which has provided a rich material basis for the formation of organic-rich shales. Although the oxydic-suboxydic bottom-water environment in Chang 7 sedimentary period is not ideal to the preservation of organic matter,a large number of organic matters are still preserved due to adequate influx,resulting in the enrichment of organic matter in the sediments.
引文
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(1)贺静.《岩石薄片分析技术及应用》学术讲座,2017.
[2]孙平昌.松辽盆地东南部上白垩统含油页岩系有机质富集环境动力学[D].长春:吉林大学,2013.Sun Pingchang. Environmental dynamics of organic accumulation in the oil shale bearing layers in the Upper Cretaceous,Southeast Songliao Basin[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2013.
[3]丁修建.小型断陷湖盆高丰度烃源岩形成机理及其对成藏的控制—以二连盆地为例[D].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2014.Ding Xiujian. Formation mechanism of effective source rock and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in small faulted lacustrine basin:A case study of Erlian Basin[D]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2014.
[4]丁修建,柳广弟,查明,等.沉积速率与烃源岩有机质丰度关系—以二连盆地为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(6):1076-1081.Ding Xiujian,Liu Guangdi,Zha Ming,et al. Relationship between sedimentation rate and organic matter abundance of source rocks:A case study of Erlian Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(6):1076-1085.
[5] Calvert T F. Anoxia vs. productivity:what controls the formation of organic carbon rich sediments and sedimentary rocks?[J]AAPG Bulletin,1990,4(74):454-466.
[6] Arthur M A,Dean W E. Organic matter production and preservation and evolution of anoxia in the Holocene Black Sea[J]. Paleoceanography,1998,13(4):395-411.
[7] Arthur M A,Sagemen B B. Marine black shales:Depositional mechanisms and environments of ancient depositions[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1994,22:499-551.
[8] Tyson R V. Sedimentation rate,dilution,preservation and total organic carbon:Some results of a modelling study[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2001,32(11):333-339.
[9] Hetenyi M,Sajgo C,Veto I,et al. Organic matter in a low productivity anoxic intraplatform basin in the Triassic Tethys[J]. Organic Geochemistry,2004,35(11-12):1201-1219.
[10] Gallego-Torres D,Martinez R F,Paytan A,et al. Pliocene-Holocene evolution of depositional conditions in the eastern Mediterranean:Role of anoxia vs. productivity at time of sapropel deposition[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2007,246(2-4):424-439.
[11]袁伟,柳广弟,罗文斌,等.鄂尔多斯盆地长7段富有机质页岩中磷灰石类型及其成因[J].天然气地球科学,2016,27(8):1399-1408.Yuan Wei,Liu Guangdi,Luo Wenbin,et al. Species and formation mechanism of apatite in the 7thmember of Yanchang Formation organic-rich shale of Ordos Basin,China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,27(8):1399-1408.
[12]杨华,邓秀芹.构造事件对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水砂岩沉积的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(5):513-520.Yang Hua,Deng Xiuqin. Deposition of Yanchang Formation deep-water sandstone under the control of tectonic events,Ordos Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(5):513-520.
[13] Qiu X W,Liu C Y,Mao G Z,et al. Late Triassic tuff intervals in the Ordos Basin,Central China:their depositional,petrographic,geochemical characteristics and regional implications[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Science,2014,80:148-160.
[14] Wan Y S,Xie H Q,Yang H,et al. Is the Ordos block Archean or Paleoproterozoic in age? Implications for the Precambrian evolution of the North China Craton[J]. American Journal of Science,2013,313:683-711.
[15]张文正,杨华,杨奕华,等.鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源岩的岩石学、元素地球化学特征及发育环境[J].地球化学,2008,37(1):59-64.Zhang Wenzheng,Yang Hua,Yang Yihua,et al. Petrology and element geochemistry and development environment of Yanchang Formation Chang 7 high quality source rock in Ordos Basin[J]. Geochemica,2008,37(1):59-64.
[16]武富礼,李文厚,李玉宏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组三角洲沉积及演化[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):307-314.Wu Fuli,Li Wenhou,Li Yuhong,et al. Delta sediments and evolution of the Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(3):307-314.
[17] Qiu X W,Liu C Y,Mao G Z,et al. Major,trace and platinum-group element geochemistry of the Upper Triassic nonmarine hot shales in the Ordos Basin,Central China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2015,53:42-52.
[18]陈安清,陈洪德,侯明才,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中—晚三叠世事件沉积对印支运动Ⅰ幕的指示[J].地质学报,2011,85(10):1681-1689.Chen Anqing,Chen Hongde,Hou Mingcai,et al. The middle-late Triassic event sediments in Ordos Basin:IndicatorsⅠfor episode of the Indosinian movement[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011,85(10):1681-1689.
[19]邓秀芹,李文厚,刘新社,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中三叠统与上三叠统地层界线讨论[J].地质学报,2009,83(8):1089-1095.Deng Xiuqin,Li Wenhou,Liu Xinshe,et al. Discussion on the sratigraphic boundary between Middle Triassic and Upper Triassic[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1089-1095.
[20]熊林芳.坳陷型富烃凹陷优质烃源岩的形成环境—以鄂尔多斯盆地长7烃源岩为例[D].西安:西北大学,2015.Xiong Linfang. Formation environment of the high quality source rocks in basin of depression-type:An example from Chang-7 source rock in Ordos Basin,China[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University,2015.
[21]杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):254-262.Yang Hua,Dou Weitan,Liu Xianyang,et al. Analysis on sedimentary facies of Chang 7 Member in Yanchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):254-262.
[22]邓秀芹.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组超低渗透大型岩性油气藏成藏机理研究[D].西安:西北大学,2011.Deng Xiuqin. Accumulation mechanism research on ultra-low permeability and large scale lithogical reservoirs of Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin[D]. Xi’an:Northwest University,2011.
[23]傅强,孙喜天,刘永斗.鄂尔多斯晚三叠世湖盆特征恢复及地质意义[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(11):1537-1540.Fu Qiang,Sun Xitian,Liu Yongdou. Geological significance and re-establishment of basin character in Late Triassic of Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2009,37(11):1537-1540.
[24] Ji L M,Meng F W. Palynology of Yanchang Formation of Middle and Late Triassic in Eastern Gansu Province and Its Paleoclimatic Significance[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences,2006,17(3):209-220.
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