应用电阻应变计的无缝线路纵向力测试原理及方案
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摘要
针对无缝线路纵向力测试问题,在双向应变法原理的基础上,应用电阻应变计提出了一种新的无缝线路钢轨纵向力测试方案.综合考虑应变计热输出及同一钢轨断面温度非均匀分布的条件下,较为系统的阐述了基于电阻应变计的无缝线路纵向力测试原理,并对较为常用的既有测试方案的测试误差进行了对比分析.结果表明:钢轨断面温度的非均匀分布是测量误差的一个主要来源;采用电阻应变计测量无缝线路钢轨纵向及竖向应变时,必须考虑应变计的热输出以及钢轨纵向及竖向约束不同对相应的应变计热输出的影响;采用电阻应变计直接进行钢轨纵向力测量,无法将钢轨中的基本温度力及伸缩附加力进行分离;本文提出的测试方案不需附加补偿片,能够抵消荷载引起的弯曲应变,当两侧轨腰温差为2℃时,测量误差较之既有测试方案分别能够降低84.0%及60.3%.
To test longitudinal force in continuous welded rails( CWRs),based on the bi-directional strain approach,a new test scheme using resistance strain gage was proposed. The test principle was systematically presented,and the errors of different test schemes were compared by taking into account the thermal output of resistance strain gage and uneven temperature distribution on the same rail section. The results show that,firstly,the test error mainly comes from uneven temperature distribution on the rail section. Secondly,when testing the longitudinal or vertical strain in CWRs,the thermal output of resistance strain gage and the influence of the longitudinal and vertical constraints of rail on the thermal output must be considered. In addition,all longitudinal force test schemes with resistance strain gage can not directly separate temperature force from the additional expansion force. Finally,the proposed scheme can offset bending strain caused by loads without additional compensation plate,and when both sides of the rail web have 2 ℃ temperature difference,compared to the two existing test schemes,the measurement error is reduced by 84. 0% and 60. 3%,respectively.
To test longitudinal force in continuous welded rails( CWRs),based on the bi-directional strain approach,a new test scheme using resistance strain gage was proposed. The test principle was systematically presented,and the errors of different test schemes were compared by taking into account the thermal output of resistance strain gage and uneven temperature distribution on the same rail section. The results show that,firstly,the test error mainly comes from uneven temperature distribution on the rail section. Secondly,when testing the longitudinal or vertical strain in CWRs,the thermal output of resistance strain gage and the influence of the longitudinal and vertical constraints of rail on the thermal output must be considered. In addition,all longitudinal force test schemes with resistance strain gage can not directly separate temperature force from the additional expansion force. Finally,the proposed scheme can offset bending strain caused by loads without additional compensation plate,and when both sides of the rail web have 2 ℃ temperature difference,compared to the two existing test schemes,the measurement error is reduced by 84. 0% and 60. 3%,respectively.
引文
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[2]王平,刘浩,魏贤奎.铁路斜拉桥上无缝线路纵向力规律分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(5):27-32.WANG Ping,LIU Hao,WEI Xiankui.Analysis on longitudinal force regulations of cwr on railway cablestayed bridge[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2013,13(5):27-32.
[3]卢耀荣.无缝线路研究与应用[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004:140-188.
[4]谢铠泽,王平,徐井芒,等.桥上单元板式无砟轨道无缝线路的适应性[J].西南交通大学学报,2014,49(4):649-655.XIE Kaize,WANG Ping,XU Jingmang,et al.Adaptability of continuous welded rail of unit slab nonballast track on bridges[J].Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University,2014,49(4):649-655.
[5]游林涛.无缝钢轨纵向温度力的仿真分析与实验研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2014.
[6]薛松.钢轨纵向应力分布变化研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2012.
[7]刘文硕.高速铁路大跨度钢桁拱桥梁轨相互作用研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2013.
[8]YAN Lianshan,ZHANG Zhaoting,WANG Ping,et al.Fiber sensors for strain measurements and axle counting in high-speed railway applications[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2011,11(7):1587-1594.
[9]张兆亭,闫连山,王平,等.基于光纤光栅的钢轨应变测量关键技术研究[J].铁道学报,2012,34(5):65-69.ZHANG Zhaoting,YAN Lianshan,WANG Ping,et al.Key techniques for rail strain measurements based on fiber bragg grating sensor[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2012,34(5):65-69.
[10]WANG Chungyue,TSAI Hsinchu,CHEN Chishian,et al.Railway track performance monitoring and safety warning system[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2011,35(6):577-586.
[11]冯邵敏.高速铁路长大桥梁无砟轨道无缝线路纵向力监测与分析[D].南昌:华东交通大学,2012.
[12]冯邵敏,雷晓燕,张鹏飞,等.桥上无缝线路附加伸缩力的远程监测与分析[J].华东交通大学学报,2011,28(2):1-5.FENG Shaomin,LEI Xiaoyan,ZHANG Pengfei,et al.The remote monitoring and analysis of additional contractility from the CWR on bridge[J].Journal of East China Jiaotong University,2011,28(2):1-5.
[13]丁杰雄.钢轨温度应力监测装置:中国,CN201120140230.X[P].2012-01-11.
[14]AEA Technology Rail.Findings from the investigation of SFE measurement techniques[R].London:AEA Technology Rail,2006
[15]李以辉.分布式钢轨应力无线监测系统硬件研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[16]广钟岩,高慧安.铁路无缝线路[M].4版.北京:人民交通出版社,2010:16-31.
[17]孙训方,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学(Ⅰ)[M].4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2002:208-240.
[18]尹福炎.瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法[J].强度与环境,2005,32(1):36-42.YIN Fuyan.Correction technique for high temperature strain gage under transient heating conditions[J].Structure&Environment Engineering,2005,32(1):36-42.
[19]高勇军,葛少学,岳中涛,等.钢轨全断面有效温度的测量及数据分析[J].铁道工程学报,2002(2):11-15.GAO Yongjun,GE Shaoxue,YUE Zhongtao,et al.Measurement of effective temperature in full crosssection of steel rail and the data analysis[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2002(2):11-15.
[20]计欣华,邓宗白,鲁阳,等.工程实验力学[M].2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2010:7-29.
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