灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构时空变化及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了解灞河城市段浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子之间的关系,于2016年9月至2017年7月每2个月进行一次采样分析。调查期间共鉴定出浮游植物7门63属,其中绿藻门种类数最多(34.9%),其次为硅藻门(30.2%);浮游动物4类45种,以轮虫(48.9%)和原生动物(24.4%)为主。浮游植物和浮游动物的丰度分别为0.73×10~4—98.5×10~4个/L和20—1084个/L,在时空分布上均呈现下游高于上游的趋势,峰值均出现在夏季。根据水体透明度、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、高锰酸盐指数和重金属等理化指标、浮游生物丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对灞河城市段水质状况进行综合评价,结果显示,所研究流域总体为中污状态,上游景观河道内的水生植物对水体具有一定的修复能力。典范对应分析表明,水温、总氮、pH、溶解氧和汞是浮游植物群落分布的主要影响因子;影响浮游动物群落分布的主要因子为水温、总氮、总磷、叶绿素a和汞。
To evaluate the relationship between plankton community composition and environmental factors in a city section of the Ba River,the samples were collected and analyzed every two months from September 2016 to July 2017. In the study,7 phyla and 63 genera of phytoplankton were identified,with the most abundant species of Chlorophyta( 34.9%),followed by Bacillariophyta( 30. 2%). A total of 45 zooplankton species from 4 classes were identified,dominated by Rotifera( 48.9%) and Protozoa( 24.4%). The abundances of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 0.73 ×10~4to 98.5 ×10~4ind/L and 20 to 1084 ind/L,respectively. The spatial and temporal distribution of abundances of both phytoplankton and zooplankton showed a decreasing trends from the downstream to the upstream,with the peaks in summer. The water quality was comprehensively evaluated using plankton abundance,Shannon diversity index,Margalef abundance index,and physicochemical indexes including transparency,dissolved oxygen,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,permanganate index,and heavy metal content. The results showed that the city section of the Ba River was moderately polluted and that theaquatic plants in the river bed of the upstream landscape river have the ability to remove the pollutants. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that water temperature,total nitrogen,pH,dissolved oxygen,and mercury are the key factors in phytoplankton community distribution,and that water temperature,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,chlorophylla,and mercury are the key factors in zooplankton community distribution.
To evaluate the relationship between plankton community composition and environmental factors in a city section of the Ba River,the samples were collected and analyzed every two months from September 2016 to July 2017. In the study,7 phyla and 63 genera of phytoplankton were identified,with the most abundant species of Chlorophyta( 34.9%),followed by Bacillariophyta( 30. 2%). A total of 45 zooplankton species from 4 classes were identified,dominated by Rotifera( 48.9%) and Protozoa( 24.4%). The abundances of phytoplankton and zooplankton were 0.73 ×10~4to 98.5 ×10~4ind/L and 20 to 1084 ind/L,respectively. The spatial and temporal distribution of abundances of both phytoplankton and zooplankton showed a decreasing trends from the downstream to the upstream,with the peaks in summer. The water quality was comprehensively evaluated using plankton abundance,Shannon diversity index,Margalef abundance index,and physicochemical indexes including transparency,dissolved oxygen,total phosphorus,total nitrogen,permanganate index,and heavy metal content. The results showed that the city section of the Ba River was moderately polluted and that theaquatic plants in the river bed of the upstream landscape river have the ability to remove the pollutants. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that water temperature,total nitrogen,pH,dissolved oxygen,and mercury are the key factors in phytoplankton community distribution,and that water temperature,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,chlorophylla,and mercury are the key factors in zooplankton community distribution.
引文
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[23]李喆,霍堂斌,唐富江,王念民.松花江哈尔滨段冰下浮游生物群落结构与环境因子的相关分析.水产学杂志,2014,27(6):44-50.
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[27]夏品华,马健荣,李存雄,林陶,詹金心,伍庆.红枫湖水库冬春季浮游生物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析.环境科学研究,2011,24(4):378-386.
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[29]张军燕,高志,沈红保,李瑞娇,余斌.拉萨河春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究.淡水渔业,2017,47(4):23-28,62-62.
[30]杜麦,陈小威,王颖.基于多元统计分析的浐灞河水质污染特征研究.华北水利水电大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(6):88-92.
[31]杜明勇,于洋,阳振,陈非洲,张民,芮琪,孔繁翔.太湖流域2012年枯水期浮游生物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2014,26(5):724-734.
[32] Nydick K R,Lafrancois B M,Baron J S,Johnson B M. Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass,productivity,and composition in shallow mountain lakes,Snowy Range,Wyoming,USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2004,61(7):1256-1268.
[33]陈立婧,吴淑贤,彭自然,胡忠军,王武,薛俊增. 2008年苏州阳澄湖浮游藻类群落结构与环境因子的CCA分析.生物学杂志,2012,29(6):65-69.
[34]周彦锋,宋江腾,刘凯,蒋书伦,尤洋.怀洪新河浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的关系研究.生态科学,2017,36(1):35-42.
[35] Devreker D,Souissi S,Seuront L. Effects of chlorophyll concentration and temperature variation on the reproduction and survival of Temora longicornis(Copepoda,Calanoida)in the eastern English Channel. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,318(2):145-162.
[36] Lenz P H,Hower A E,Hartline D K. Temperature compensation in the escape response of a marine copepod,Calanus finmarchicus(Crustacea).The Biological Bulletin,2005,209(1):75-85.
[37]林青,由文辉,徐凤洁,俞秋佳,余华光.滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2014,34(23):6918-6929.
[38]姜会超,陈海刚,宋秀凯,刘宁,何健龙,程玲,王月霞.莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
[39]杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,徐镇,金春华.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,2014,38(4):720-728.
[40]徐梅,吴芳仪,刘靓靓,王变,孙庆业,周忠泽.焦岗湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态.生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1254-1262.
[41]Spoljar M,Habdija I,Primc-Habdija B,Sipos L. Impact of environmental variables and food availability on rotifer assemblage in the karstic barrage Lake Visovac(Krka River,Croatia). International Review of Hydrobiology,2005,90(5/6):555-579.
[42]高子涵,张健,皮杰,张婷,李德亮,肖调义.湖南省大通湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系.生态学杂志,2016,35(3):733-740.
[2]王晓清,曾亚英,吴含含,熊钢,张建国,马晓,陈丽婷.湘江干流浮游生物群落结构及水质状况分析.水生生物学报,2013,37(3):488-494.
[3]孙小军,魏炳乾,周孝德,王战平.西安市灞河流域水环境现状分析及治理对策.自然灾害学报,2009,18(5):168-173.
[4]徐志嫱,刘维.西安浐灞河截污工程对水质改善的效果研究.西安理工大学学报,2011,27(1):18-23.
[5]王战平.灞河地表水水质现状及污染防治对策.水资源与水工程学报,2009,20(2):145-147.
[6]李振兴,张晓斌.西安市浐灞河下游水质污染状况评价.水资源与水工程学报,2011,22(3):151-153,156-156.
[7]章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社,1991.
[8]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[9]韩茂森,束蕴芳.中国淡水生物图谱.北京:海洋出版社,1995.
[10]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱(第二版).北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[11]国家环境保护总局. GB 3838—2002地表水环境质量标准.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[12] Shannon C E. A mathematical theory of communications. The Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27:379-423,623-656.
[13] Margalef R. Information theory in ecology. International Journal of General Systems,1958,3:36-71.
[14]沈韫芬,章宁涉,龚循矩,施之新,魏印心,郑英.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[15]徐兆礼,陈亚瞿.东黄海秋季浮游动物优势种聚集强度与鲐鲹渔场的关系.生态学杂志,1989,8(4):13-15,19-19.
[16] De Souza Cardoso L,Da Motta Marques D. Hydrodynamics-driven plankton community in a shallow lake. Aquatic Ecology,2009,43(1):73-84.
[17] Beyene A,Addis T,Kifle D,Legesse W,Kloos H,Triest L. Comparative study of diatoms and macroinvertebrates as indicators of severe water pollution:case study of the Kebena and Akaki rivers in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia. Ecological Indicators,2009,9(2):381-392.
[18]李思阳,韩志勇,许振成,赵学敏,姚玲爱,魏东洋,张娟,胡芳.高州水库浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2013,34(5):16-24.
[19] Muylaert K,Sabbe K,Vyverman W. Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a freshwater tidal estuary(Schelde,Belgium). Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,50(5):673-687.
[20]袁聪,陶诗雨,张莹莹,高建操,杨彦平,王在照.安康水库表层浮游藻类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,2015,26(7):2167-2176.
[21] Ter Braak C J F. Canonical correspondence analysis:a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology,1986,67(5):1167-1179.
[22]李秋华,韩博平.基于CCA的典型调水水库浮游植物群落动态特征分析.生态学报,2007,27(6):2355-2364.
[23]李喆,霍堂斌,唐富江,王念民.松花江哈尔滨段冰下浮游生物群落结构与环境因子的相关分析.水产学杂志,2014,27(6):44-50.
[24]张军燕,张建军,沈红保,陈媛媛.泾河宁夏段夏季浮游生物群落结构特征.水生态学杂志,2011,32(6):72-77.
[25] Reynolds C S. Ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. New York:Cambridge University Press,1984.
[26]白海锋,赵乃锡,殷旭旺,鲁媛媛,武玮,徐宗学.渭河流域浮游动物的群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(3):260-266.
[27]夏品华,马健荣,李存雄,林陶,詹金心,伍庆.红枫湖水库冬春季浮游生物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析.环境科学研究,2011,24(4):378-386.
[28]王彦,申玉春,叶宁,刘丽,吴灶和.流沙湾浮游生物的群落结构与时空分布.广东海洋大学学报,2012,32(6):66-73.
[29]张军燕,高志,沈红保,李瑞娇,余斌.拉萨河春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究.淡水渔业,2017,47(4):23-28,62-62.
[30]杜麦,陈小威,王颖.基于多元统计分析的浐灞河水质污染特征研究.华北水利水电大学学报:自然科学版,2017,38(6):88-92.
[31]杜明勇,于洋,阳振,陈非洲,张民,芮琪,孔繁翔.太湖流域2012年枯水期浮游生物群落结构特征.湖泊科学,2014,26(5):724-734.
[32] Nydick K R,Lafrancois B M,Baron J S,Johnson B M. Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass,productivity,and composition in shallow mountain lakes,Snowy Range,Wyoming,USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,2004,61(7):1256-1268.
[33]陈立婧,吴淑贤,彭自然,胡忠军,王武,薛俊增. 2008年苏州阳澄湖浮游藻类群落结构与环境因子的CCA分析.生物学杂志,2012,29(6):65-69.
[34]周彦锋,宋江腾,刘凯,蒋书伦,尤洋.怀洪新河浮游植物群落结构与水环境因子的关系研究.生态科学,2017,36(1):35-42.
[35] Devreker D,Souissi S,Seuront L. Effects of chlorophyll concentration and temperature variation on the reproduction and survival of Temora longicornis(Copepoda,Calanoida)in the eastern English Channel. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,318(2):145-162.
[36] Lenz P H,Hower A E,Hartline D K. Temperature compensation in the escape response of a marine copepod,Calanus finmarchicus(Crustacea).The Biological Bulletin,2005,209(1):75-85.
[37]林青,由文辉,徐凤洁,俞秋佳,余华光.滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2014,34(23):6918-6929.
[38]姜会超,陈海刚,宋秀凯,刘宁,何健龙,程玲,王月霞.莱州湾金城海域浮游动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2015,35(22):7308-7319.
[39]杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全,徐镇,金春华.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,2014,38(4):720-728.
[40]徐梅,吴芳仪,刘靓靓,王变,孙庆业,周忠泽.焦岗湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态.生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1254-1262.
[41]Spoljar M,Habdija I,Primc-Habdija B,Sipos L. Impact of environmental variables and food availability on rotifer assemblage in the karstic barrage Lake Visovac(Krka River,Croatia). International Review of Hydrobiology,2005,90(5/6):555-579.
[42]高子涵,张健,皮杰,张婷,李德亮,肖调义.湖南省大通湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子关系.生态学杂志,2016,35(3):733-740.