饲粮添加不同水平黄芪多糖对冬毛期银黑狐生产性能、血清生化和免疫指标及肠道形态结构的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平黄芪多糖对冬毛期银黑狐生产性能、血清生化和免疫指标及肠道形态结构的影响。试验选取40只157日龄、平均体重为(5 458±54) g的健康雄性银黑狐,随机分成4组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。各组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照组)、100(Ⅰ组)、200(Ⅱ组)和300 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)黄芪多糖的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果表明:1)Ⅱ组的平均日增重显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的料重比极显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.01),显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间平均日采食量、体长、鲜皮长、针毛和绒毛长均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ组的血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量极显著低于对照组(P <0.01),与Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的血清葡萄糖含量显著低于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05),与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间血清甘油三酯、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)各组之间血清总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白含量及白蛋白/球蛋白无显著差异(P> 0. 05)。4)Ⅱ组的血清白细胞介素-2含量显著或极显著高于其他3组(P<0.05或P<0.01),其他3组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G、补体3、补体4、肿瘤坏死因子含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)Ⅱ组的绒毛高度极显著高于对照组、Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.01)。Ⅱ组的隐窝深度极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅱ组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度极显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组(P<0.01),与Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加200 mg/kg黄芪多糖能降低冬毛期银黑狐血清葡萄糖和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量,提高血清白细胞介素-2含量,改善肠道形态结构,有利于增加肠道的消化吸收能力,但并未提高生产性能。
This experiment w as conducted to study the effects of different dietary Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplemental levels on performance,serum biochemical and immune parameters and intestinal morphology of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period. Forty healthy 157-day-old male silver foxes w ith average body w eight of (5 458±54) g w ere randomly divided into 4 groups w ith 10 replicates per group and 1fox per replicate. Foxes in each group w ere fed basal diets supplemented w ith 0 (control group),100 (groupⅠ),200 (group Ⅱ) and 300 mg/kg (group Ⅲ) APS,respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 40 days for trial period. The results show ed as follow s: 1) the average daily gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of feed to gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01),significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P> 0.05). No significant differences w ere found in average daily feed intake,body length,fresh fur length,guard hair length and under hair length among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P > 0. 05). The serum glucose content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group and group Ⅰ (P <0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅲ (P>0.05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of triglyceride,cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum among all groups (P> 0. 05). 3) No significant differences w ere found in the contents of total protein,albumin and globulin and albumin/globulin in serum among all groups (P > 0. 05). 4) The serum interleukin-2 content of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of other 3 groups (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01),and there w as no difference among the other 3 groups (P > 0. 05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G,complement 3,complement 4,tumor necrosis factor in serum among all groups (P>0.05). 5) The villous height of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.01). The crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),and significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P< 0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). The villous height/crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). In conclusion,diet added 200 mg/kg APS can reduce the contents of glucose and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum,enhance serum interleukin-2 content,and improve intestinal morphology,w hich is beneficial to increase the digestion and absorption capacity of intestinal tract,but do not improve the performance of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period.
This experiment w as conducted to study the effects of different dietary Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) supplemental levels on performance,serum biochemical and immune parameters and intestinal morphology of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period. Forty healthy 157-day-old male silver foxes w ith average body w eight of (5 458±54) g w ere randomly divided into 4 groups w ith 10 replicates per group and 1fox per replicate. Foxes in each group w ere fed basal diets supplemented w ith 0 (control group),100 (groupⅠ),200 (group Ⅱ) and 300 mg/kg (group Ⅲ) APS,respectively. The experiment was 7 days for adaption and 40 days for trial period. The results show ed as follow s: 1) the average daily gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P>0.05). The ratio of feed to gain of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P<0.01),significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of the control group (P> 0.05). No significant differences w ere found in average daily feed intake,body length,fresh fur length,guard hair length and under hair length among all groups (P>0.05). 2) The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P > 0. 05). The serum glucose content of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group and group Ⅰ (P <0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅲ (P>0.05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of triglyceride,cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum among all groups (P> 0. 05). 3) No significant differences w ere found in the contents of total protein,albumin and globulin and albumin/globulin in serum among all groups (P > 0. 05). 4) The serum interleukin-2 content of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of other 3 groups (P< 0.05 or P < 0.01),and there w as no difference among the other 3 groups (P > 0. 05). No significant differences w ere found in the contents of immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,immunoglobulin G,complement 3,complement 4,tumor necrosis factor in serum among all groups (P>0.05). 5) The villous height of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P<0.01). The crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly low er than that of the control group (P<0.01),and significantly low er than that of group Ⅲ (P< 0.05),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). The villous height/crypt depth of group Ⅱ w as significantly higher than that of the control group and group Ⅲ (P<0.01),but had no significant difference compared w ith that of group Ⅰ (P>0.05). In conclusion,diet added 200 mg/kg APS can reduce the contents of glucose and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum,enhance serum interleukin-2 content,and improve intestinal morphology,w hich is beneficial to increase the digestion and absorption capacity of intestinal tract,but do not improve the performance of silver foxes during the w inter fur-grow ing period.
引文
[1]杜继红,高亚军,王海良,等.黄芪多糖粉对猪瘟疫苗免疫效果及生长性能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2013,49(22):65-68.
[2]官丽辉,张立永,刘海斌,等.黄芪多糖对蛋鸡生产性能、生殖激素及血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2015,30(7):70-76.
[3]刘家国,张宝康,赵志辉,等.不同原则中药组方对中后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响及其机理初探[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(3):50-54.
[4]赵天章,李慧英.黄芪多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(2):19-24.
[5]唐姣玉,周东升,何理平.黄芪多糖对断奶仔兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,(1):1-4.
[6]左兆云,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.日粮添加黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(1):130-134.
[7]王彦荣.黄芪多糖小肠吸收机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2007.
[8]林旋,张伟妮,王寿昆,等.黄芪多糖饲料添加剂对罗非鱼白细胞吞噬能力和免疫器官指数的影响[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(1):27-31.
[9]昭日格图,娜日苏,博日吉汗格日勒图,等.黄芪多糖咀嚼片降血脂人体试食试验研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(15):196-199.
[10]GUO L W,LIU J G,HU Y L,et al.Astragalus polysaccharide and sulfated epimedium polysaccharide synergistically resist the immunosuppression[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,90(2):1055-1060.
[11]陶浩,魏炳栋,陈群.黄芪多糖对1~14日龄肉仔鸡小肠形态结构的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(3):52-57.
[12]WU Y B,RAVINDRAN V,THOMAS D G,et al.Influence of method of w hole w heat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2004,45(3):385-394.
[13]魏凤仙,李绍钰,孔祥书,等.黄芪多糖对生长猪生产性能及免疫性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(10):17-19.
[14]魏炳栋,陶浩,陈群,等.黄芪多糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化能力的影响[C]//第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会暨动物营养学分会成立三十周年大会.北京:动物营养学分会,2010:334.
[15]陈洪亮.植物多糖的制备及对肉仔鸡免疫功能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2002:49-57.
[16]许灵波.黄芪多糖在动物生产中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(3):84-87.
[17]穆效群,姚小曼.植物中的天然降糖物质[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2000,12(4):44-46.
[18]颜爱,李波,李润成,等.香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的研究[J].中国免疫学杂志,2012,28(11):999-1001,1005.
[19]胡文举,宋艳画,吴伶俐.黄连素与黄芪多糖对AA肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(4):197-199.
[20]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:16-17.
[21]姚浪群,萨仁娜,佟建明,等.安普霉素对仔猪肠道微生物及肠壁组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(3):250-257.
[22]李可洲,李宁,黎介寿,等.短链脂肪酸对大鼠移植小肠形态及功能的作用研究[J].世界华人消化杂志,2002,10(6):720-722.
[23]张勇,李冰,朱宇旌,等.黄芪多糖对肉鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):453-457.
[24]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖益生菌对雏鸡肠道组织形态学的影响[C]//第三届第八次全国学术研讨会暨动物微生态企业发展战略论坛论文集.广州:中国畜牧兽医学会,四川农业大学,2006:152-156.
[2]官丽辉,张立永,刘海斌,等.黄芪多糖对蛋鸡生产性能、生殖激素及血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2015,30(7):70-76.
[3]刘家国,张宝康,赵志辉,等.不同原则中药组方对中后期蛋鸡生产性能的影响及其机理初探[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(3):50-54.
[4]赵天章,李慧英.黄芪多糖对肉仔鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2014,35(2):19-24.
[5]唐姣玉,周东升,何理平.黄芪多糖对断奶仔兔生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].饲料研究,2014,(1):1-4.
[6]左兆云,杨维仁,杨在宾,等.日粮添加黄芪多糖对蛋鸡机体抗氧化能力和鸡蛋品质的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(1):130-134.
[7]王彦荣.黄芪多糖小肠吸收机制研究[D].硕士学位论文.天津:天津大学,2007.
[8]林旋,张伟妮,王寿昆,等.黄芪多糖饲料添加剂对罗非鱼白细胞吞噬能力和免疫器官指数的影响[J].福建农业学报,2012,27(1):27-31.
[9]昭日格图,娜日苏,博日吉汗格日勒图,等.黄芪多糖咀嚼片降血脂人体试食试验研究[J].食品科学,2009,30(15):196-199.
[10]GUO L W,LIU J G,HU Y L,et al.Astragalus polysaccharide and sulfated epimedium polysaccharide synergistically resist the immunosuppression[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,90(2):1055-1060.
[11]陶浩,魏炳栋,陈群.黄芪多糖对1~14日龄肉仔鸡小肠形态结构的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(3):52-57.
[12]WU Y B,RAVINDRAN V,THOMAS D G,et al.Influence of method of w hole w heat inclusion and xylanase supplementation on the performance,apparent metabolisable energy,digestive tract measurements and gut morphology of broilers[J].British Poultry Science,2004,45(3):385-394.
[13]魏凤仙,李绍钰,孔祥书,等.黄芪多糖对生长猪生产性能及免疫性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(10):17-19.
[14]魏炳栋,陶浩,陈群,等.黄芪多糖对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化能力的影响[C]//第六次全国饲料营养学术研讨会暨动物营养学分会成立三十周年大会.北京:动物营养学分会,2010:334.
[15]陈洪亮.植物多糖的制备及对肉仔鸡免疫功能影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2002:49-57.
[16]许灵波.黄芪多糖在动物生产中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(3):84-87.
[17]穆效群,姚小曼.植物中的天然降糖物质[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2000,12(4):44-46.
[18]颜爱,李波,李润成,等.香菇多糖和黄芪多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能调节的研究[J].中国免疫学杂志,2012,28(11):999-1001,1005.
[19]胡文举,宋艳画,吴伶俐.黄连素与黄芪多糖对AA肉鸡生长性能及免疫功能的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(4):197-199.
[20]韩正康.家畜营养生理学[M].北京:农业出版社,1993:16-17.
[21]姚浪群,萨仁娜,佟建明,等.安普霉素对仔猪肠道微生物及肠壁组织结构的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2003,34(3):250-257.
[22]李可洲,李宁,黎介寿,等.短链脂肪酸对大鼠移植小肠形态及功能的作用研究[J].世界华人消化杂志,2002,10(6):720-722.
[23]张勇,李冰,朱宇旌,等.黄芪多糖对肉鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2009,40(4):453-457.
[24]李树鹏,赵献军.黄芪多糖益生菌对雏鸡肠道组织形态学的影响[C]//第三届第八次全国学术研讨会暨动物微生态企业发展战略论坛论文集.广州:中国畜牧兽医学会,四川农业大学,2006:152-156.