基于种植密度的烤烟氮素吸收累积特征分析
|
摘要
通过大田试验,探究不同种植密度:13 890(D1)、15 150(D2)、16 660(D3)、18 510株·hm~(-2)(D4)对云烟97、NC71和K326烤烟氮素吸收分配的影响,以期为优化当地烤烟群体结构,发挥最大密植效应提供理论依据。结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,烤烟氮含量呈下降趋势,降幅为91.10%～180.10%,动态曲线可用指数函数拟合;密植后,云烟97、NC71初始氮含量呈下降趋势,分别降低了0.07%、0.14%,K326则从4.26%降低到4.24%,再升高到4.30%;密植对K326氮含量下降速率无显著影响,而云烟97、NC71高密度处理氮含量降幅显著,下降速率相较对照(D1)分别增加9.09%、8.26%。烤烟氮累积动态可用Logistic模型拟合,氮累积峰值参数出现时间相较D1均有不同程度的提前,其中云烟97高密度处理(D4)的氮素快速累积起始时间、终止时间和最大氮累积速率出现时间分别提前7.18、17.26 d和12.22 d,且最大氮累积速率呈增加趋势,增幅为12.46%～34.69%。从不同生育期来看,旺长期以前氮素累积随种植密度的增加明显上升,密植效应显著,其中D4处理上升幅度达30.65%～314.58%;旺长期以后氮素累积趋于稳定。密植后,中心花开放期烤烟根茎和下部烟叶氮累积增幅显著,相较D1分别增加32.67%～49.01%和42.97%～58.98%,而中上部烟叶氮累积受限。综上得出:K326高密植(D4)、NC71中密植(D3)、云烟97中低密植(D1、D2之间)有利于烟叶氮素吸收利用和光合作用,以发挥烤烟最大密植效应。
In order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the population structure of local flue-cured tobacco and giving the maximum dense planting effect, a field experiment was adopted to study the effects of different planting densities: 13 890(D1),15 150(D2),16 660 plants·hm~(-2)(D3) and 18 510 plants·hm~(-2)(D4) on the nitrogen(N) uptake and distribution in Yunyan 97, NC71 and K326 flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the N content in flue-cured tobacco decreased by 91.10%～180.10% with the growth process and a dynamic exponential function could be used to describe N content variation in the plant. With dense planting, the initial N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased by 0.07% and 0.14% respectively, while K326 decreased from 4.26% to 4.24% and then increased to 4.30%. Planting density did not significantly impact decreasing rate of N content in K326, however, the N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased significantly in high dense planting(D4),compared to the control(D1),the decreasing rate raised by 9.09%(Yunyan97) and 8.26%(NC71). The Dynamic Logistic model showed the time of N rapid accumulation and peak value of N accumulation in dense planting flue-cured tobacco were earlier but at different degrees than that of D1. The start time, termination time of rapid accumulation of nitrogen and maximum N accumulation rate in high dense planted Yunyan 97(D4)were 7.18 d, 17.26 d and 12.22 d earlier than D1, respectively, and the maximum N accumulation rate increased by 12.46%～34.69%. In different growth stages, the N accumulation significantly increased with increasing planting density before the fast-growing stage, and the dense planting effect was significant, esp. the D4 treatment increasing by 30.65%～314.58%; the N accumulation tended to be stable after the fast-growing stage. With the dense planting, the N accumulation in roots and stems, and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased by 32.67%～49.01% and 42.97%～58.98% than that of D1, respectively, while the N accumulation of middle and upper leaves was limited during the flowering stage. In summary, high-dense of K326(D4), mid-dense of NC71(D3), and mid-low density planting of Yunyan 97(D1 and D2) were optimum planting to the N uptake and photosynthesis to achieve the maximum dense planting effect of flue-cured tobacco.
In order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the population structure of local flue-cured tobacco and giving the maximum dense planting effect, a field experiment was adopted to study the effects of different planting densities: 13 890(D1),15 150(D2),16 660 plants·hm~(-2)(D3) and 18 510 plants·hm~(-2)(D4) on the nitrogen(N) uptake and distribution in Yunyan 97, NC71 and K326 flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the N content in flue-cured tobacco decreased by 91.10%～180.10% with the growth process and a dynamic exponential function could be used to describe N content variation in the plant. With dense planting, the initial N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased by 0.07% and 0.14% respectively, while K326 decreased from 4.26% to 4.24% and then increased to 4.30%. Planting density did not significantly impact decreasing rate of N content in K326, however, the N content of Yunyan 97 and NC71 decreased significantly in high dense planting(D4),compared to the control(D1),the decreasing rate raised by 9.09%(Yunyan97) and 8.26%(NC71). The Dynamic Logistic model showed the time of N rapid accumulation and peak value of N accumulation in dense planting flue-cured tobacco were earlier but at different degrees than that of D1. The start time, termination time of rapid accumulation of nitrogen and maximum N accumulation rate in high dense planted Yunyan 97(D4)were 7.18 d, 17.26 d and 12.22 d earlier than D1, respectively, and the maximum N accumulation rate increased by 12.46%～34.69%. In different growth stages, the N accumulation significantly increased with increasing planting density before the fast-growing stage, and the dense planting effect was significant, esp. the D4 treatment increasing by 30.65%～314.58%; the N accumulation tended to be stable after the fast-growing stage. With the dense planting, the N accumulation in roots and stems, and lower leaves of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased by 32.67%～49.01% and 42.97%～58.98% than that of D1, respectively, while the N accumulation of middle and upper leaves was limited during the flowering stage. In summary, high-dense of K326(D4), mid-dense of NC71(D3), and mid-low density planting of Yunyan 97(D1 and D2) were optimum planting to the N uptake and photosynthesis to achieve the maximum dense planting effect of flue-cured tobacco.
引文
[1] 姜丽娜,刘佩,齐冰玉,等.不同施氮量及种植密度对小麦开花期氮素积累转运的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(2):131-141.
[2] 陈富彩,耿伟,阮志,等.炭基有机物料对陕南烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性、生长及质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(2):114-119.
[3] 朱佩,张继光,薛琳,等.不同质地土壤上烤烟氮素积累、分配及利用率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):362-370.
[4] Wang X F,Zou C Q,Zhao Z X,et al.Growth and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in flue-cured tobacco as affected by calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate[J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,2009,40(11-12):1873-1888.
[5] 樊玉星,张洁洁,闫凯龙,等.不同施氮水平对水稻土氮素供应和烤烟氮素吸收积累的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(3):455-462.
[6] 马兴华,梁晓芳,刘光亮,等.氮肥用量及其基追施比例对烤烟氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1655-1664.
[7] 梁太波,尹启生,张艳玲,等.施用纳米碳对烤烟氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1429-1435.
[8] 穆金丽,丁松爽,李健鹏,等.腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟生长和氮素吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(6):1399-1403.
[9] Zhao B P,Ren P,Liu J H,et al.Nitrogen accumulation,retranslocation and partitioning in oats (Avena L.) as affected by different water supply and nitrogen fertilization [J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610-613:2963-2967.
[10] 邢云霞,刘世亮,刘芳,等.施氮量对豫中烟区植烟土壤无机氮含量和氮素吸收的调控[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):266-272.
[11] 时向东,刘喜庆,王振海,等.利用15N示踪研究烤烟对氮素的吸收和分配规律[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(6):55-58.
[12] 王军,谢玉华,王全,等.广东南雄烟区土壤氮素矿化特征及烟株对氮素的吸收和累积规律[J].烟草科技,2016,49(5):1-7.
[13] 彭友,张云贵,李志宏,等.有机无机肥配施对黄壤烤烟氮素累积、吸收与分配的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(3):54-58.
[14] 吴嘉楠,闫海涛,彭桂新,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对土壤氮素变化和烤烟氮素利用的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(2):256-263.
[15] 孙适,胡曼,宋海龙,等.打顶后断根对烤烟干物质积累、氮钾素吸收和分配的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(6):40-43.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:264-270.
[17] 吕鹏,张吉旺,刘伟,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):826-860.
[18] 周培禄.玉米不同杂交种密植群体冠层结构及其光、氮利用特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[19] 叶东靖,高强,何文天,等.施氮对春玉米氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):552-558.
[20] 赵敏,胡剑锋,钟晓媛,等.不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):277-287.
[21] 郭文琦,张思平,陈兵林,等.水氮运筹对棉花花后生物量和氮素利用率的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(11):2270-2277.
[22] 张喜峰,张立新,高梅,等.密度与氮肥互作对烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(2):32-36.
[23] 王三根,张建奎.山地烟叶的生理特性与栽培调控[M].科学出版社,2014:103-105.
[24] 王子胜,吴晓东,高相彬,等.施氮量和种植密度对东北特早熟棉区棉铃生物量和氮素累积的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):403-410.
[25] 魏全全,赵欢,周开芳,等.15N示踪探究黄壤区稻-烟模式烤烟氮素的积累[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(2):347-353.
[26] 马兴华,苑举民,荣凡番,等.施氮对烤烟氮素积累、分配及土壤氮素矿化的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(1):17-21.
[27] 许卫猛.苗期低温对烟草花芽分化及生长发育的影响分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.
[2] 陈富彩,耿伟,阮志,等.炭基有机物料对陕南烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性、生长及质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016(2):114-119.
[3] 朱佩,张继光,薛琳,等.不同质地土壤上烤烟氮素积累、分配及利用率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):362-370.
[4] Wang X F,Zou C Q,Zhao Z X,et al.Growth and accumulation of nitrogen and potassium in flue-cured tobacco as affected by calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate[J].Communications in Soil Science & Plant Analysis,2009,40(11-12):1873-1888.
[5] 樊玉星,张洁洁,闫凯龙,等.不同施氮水平对水稻土氮素供应和烤烟氮素吸收积累的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(3):455-462.
[6] 马兴华,梁晓芳,刘光亮,等.氮肥用量及其基追施比例对烤烟氮素利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1655-1664.
[7] 梁太波,尹启生,张艳玲,等.施用纳米碳对烤烟氮素吸收和利用的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(6):1429-1435.
[8] 穆金丽,丁松爽,李健鹏,等.腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟生长和氮素吸收的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(6):1399-1403.
[9] Zhao B P,Ren P,Liu J H,et al.Nitrogen accumulation,retranslocation and partitioning in oats (Avena L.) as affected by different water supply and nitrogen fertilization [J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,610-613:2963-2967.
[10] 邢云霞,刘世亮,刘芳,等.施氮量对豫中烟区植烟土壤无机氮含量和氮素吸收的调控[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(5):266-272.
[11] 时向东,刘喜庆,王振海,等.利用15N示踪研究烤烟对氮素的吸收和分配规律[J].中国烟草学报,2013,19(6):55-58.
[12] 王军,谢玉华,王全,等.广东南雄烟区土壤氮素矿化特征及烟株对氮素的吸收和累积规律[J].烟草科技,2016,49(5):1-7.
[13] 彭友,张云贵,李志宏,等.有机无机肥配施对黄壤烤烟氮素累积、吸收与分配的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,(3):54-58.
[14] 吴嘉楠,闫海涛,彭桂新,等.生物质炭与氮肥配施对土壤氮素变化和烤烟氮素利用的影响[J].土壤,2018,50(2):256-263.
[15] 孙适,胡曼,宋海龙,等.打顶后断根对烤烟干物质积累、氮钾素吸收和分配的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(6):40-43.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:264-270.
[17] 吕鹏,张吉旺,刘伟,等.施氮量对超高产夏玉米产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):826-860.
[18] 周培禄.玉米不同杂交种密植群体冠层结构及其光、氮利用特征研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[19] 叶东靖,高强,何文天,等.施氮对春玉米氮素利用及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):552-558.
[20] 赵敏,胡剑锋,钟晓媛,等.不同基因型机插稻植株氮素积累运转特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):277-287.
[21] 郭文琦,张思平,陈兵林,等.水氮运筹对棉花花后生物量和氮素利用率的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(11):2270-2277.
[22] 张喜峰,张立新,高梅,等.密度与氮肥互作对烤烟氮钾含量、光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2013,(2):32-36.
[23] 王三根,张建奎.山地烟叶的生理特性与栽培调控[M].科学出版社,2014:103-105.
[24] 王子胜,吴晓东,高相彬,等.施氮量和种植密度对东北特早熟棉区棉铃生物量和氮素累积的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):403-410.
[25] 魏全全,赵欢,周开芳,等.15N示踪探究黄壤区稻-烟模式烤烟氮素的积累[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(2):347-353.
[26] 马兴华,苑举民,荣凡番,等.施氮对烤烟氮素积累、分配及土壤氮素矿化的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(1):17-21.
[27] 许卫猛.苗期低温对烟草花芽分化及生长发育的影响分析[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.