螺旋式全混合日粮搅拌机揉切过程分析
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摘要
为探究全混合日粮搅拌机揉切机理,以麦秸秆为研究对象,对秸秆的揉切过程进行周向和轴向两个方向研究分析,将秸秆的揉切过程在空间上按顺时针依次均匀的分为4个区域,采用理论分析和高速摄像试验验证的方式进行分析,明确秸秆在箱体中剪切、揉搓、混合分布的主要区域,确定各区域物料具体的运动形式.试验结果表明:秸秆在Ⅰ区内存在离心现象,Ⅱ区是切割的主要区域,Ⅲ区是揉搓的主要区域,且在底壳最低点处揉搓作用最强,在Ⅳ区秸秆存在对流混合作用,理论分析与试验结果相吻合.
To explore the kneading and cutting mechanism of total mixed ration mixer, the wheat straw was taken as research object. The process of straw kneading and cutting was investigated in both circumferential and axial directions and was evenly divided into four regions according to clockwise sequence in space. Theoretical analysis and high speed camera test were used to analyze and test the main areas where the straw was cut, rubbed and mixed in the box. The specific movement forms of materials in each region were determined. The results show that there is centrifugal phenomenon in area Ⅰ, and the area Ⅱ is the main area of cutting.The area Ⅲ is the main area of kneading, and the kneading effect is the strongest at the lowest point of bottom shell. There is convection mixing of straw in area Ⅳ, and the theoretical analysis is in agreement with the experimental results.
To explore the kneading and cutting mechanism of total mixed ration mixer, the wheat straw was taken as research object. The process of straw kneading and cutting was investigated in both circumferential and axial directions and was evenly divided into four regions according to clockwise sequence in space. Theoretical analysis and high speed camera test were used to analyze and test the main areas where the straw was cut, rubbed and mixed in the box. The specific movement forms of materials in each region were determined. The results show that there is centrifugal phenomenon in area Ⅰ, and the area Ⅱ is the main area of cutting.The area Ⅲ is the main area of kneading, and the kneading effect is the strongest at the lowest point of bottom shell. There is convection mixing of straw in area Ⅳ, and the theoretical analysis is in agreement with the experimental results.
引文
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[ 2 ] 赵海军,杨联,杨思维,等.甘肃高山细毛羊枯草季放牧与暖棚舍饲饲养对比试验[J].草业学报,2010,27(5):117-121.ZHAO H J,YANG L,YANG S W,et al.Comparison of grazing and greenhouse feeding of Gansu alpine fine wool sheep in dry season[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2010,27(5):117-121.(in Chinese)
[ 3 ] 赵天章,张慧鲜,王文义,等.集约化饲养模式下巴美肉羊与小尾寒羊产肉性能的比较研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(4):121-128.ZHAO T Z,ZHANG H X,WANG W Y,et al.Comparative study on meat production performance of chin mei sheep and small tail han sheep[J].Journal of China Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition),2014,19(4):121-128.(in Chinese)
[ 4 ] 李亚奎,郝荣超,马旭平,等.颗粒化全混合日粮(TMR)对羔羊育肥效果的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2011 (24):65-66.LI Y K,HAO R C,MA X P,et al.Effect of granulated total mixed ration (TMR) on lamb fattening[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2011 (24):65-66.(in Chinese)
[ 5 ] 周玉香,吕玉玲,保灵燕,等.TMR对滩羊采食量和生产性能影响的研究[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(7):55-57.ZHOU Y X,LYU Y L,BAO L Y,et al.Effect of TMR on feed intake and production performance of tan sheep[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2015,47(7):55-57.(in Chinese)
[ 6 ] 高振江,李辉,蒙贺伟.基于全混合日粮饲喂技术的精饲料精确饲喂模式[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(7):148-154.GAO Z J,LI H,MENG H W.Precise feeding mode of concentrate based on total mixed ration feeding technology[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(7):148-154.(in Chinese)
[ 7 ] VAAGE A S.Which type of TMR mixer is right for you?[EB/OL].[2014-07-11].https://www.americancattlemen.com/articles/tmr-cornerwhich-type-tmr-mixer-right-you.
[ 8 ] ESMAIELI M,KHORVASH M,GHORBANI G R,et al.Variation of TMR particle size and physical characteristics in commercial iranian holstein dairies and effects on eating behaviour,chewing activity,and milk production[J].Livestock Science,2016,191:22-28.
[ 9 ] 冯静安,张宏文,梅卫江,等.立式TMR饲料搅拌机工作参数优化试验研究[J].机械,2013,40(6):18-20,34.FENG J A,ZHANG H W,MEI W J,et al.Experimental study on optimization of working parameters of vertical TMR feed mixer[J].Machinery,2013,40(6):18-20,34.(in Chinese)
[10] 于克强,李利桥,何勋,等.转轮式全混合日粮混合机试验设计与机理分析[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(7):109-117,170.YU K Q,LI L Q,HE X,et al.Experimental design and mechanism analysis of runner type total mixed ration mixer[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2015,46(7):109-117,170.(in Chinese)
[11] 王德福,蒋亦元.双轴卧式全混合日粮混合机的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):85-88.WANG D F,JIANG Y Y.Experimental study on two-axis horizontal total mixed ration mixer[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(4):85-88.(in Chinese)
[12] 郭庆贺,李景彬,坎杂.肉羊饲料混合搅拌机混料系统的试验研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2016,34(3):385-390.GUO Q H,LI J B,KAN Z.Experimental study on mi-xing system of mixed feed mixer for meat sheep[J].Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science),2016,34(3):385-390.(in Chinese)
[13] 李景彬,郭庆贺,温宝琴,等.自走式肉羊饲喂机的设计与试验[J].农机化研究,2016,38(3):218-221.LI J B,GUO Q H,WEN B Q,et al.Design and test of the self-propelled machine of sheep feeding[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(3):218-221.(in Chinese)
[14] 蒋恩臣.畜牧业机械化[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[15] 薛雲恒,李景彬,温宝琴,等.搅龙式秸秆切碎装置揉切机理分析及参数优化[J].农机化研究,2018,40(12):157-161,167.XUE Y H,LI J B,WEN B Q,et al.Analysis of kneading and cutting mechanism and parameter optimization of straw chopping device[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(12):157-161,167.(in Chinese)