超级电容器中碳电极材料的制备及其应用
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摘要
随着化石能源的日益枯竭,电能作为一种清洁的新能源得到了越来越多的关注。环境污染的日益严重突显出新能源的重要性。作为电能来说,如何储存是一个比较大的问题,近几年来电动汽车等高功率用电设备的广泛应用,使超级电容器的研究变得日益迫切。作为超级电容器最重要的电极材料,碳电极材料是超级电容器的核心,该领域的研究近年来相当活跃,活性炭粉、活性炭纤维、碳凝胶、碳纳米管、玻态炭、模板炭、碳化物衍生炭、石墨烯等各种多孔炭材料用作超级电容器电极材料的研究都有报道。介绍了活性炭、碳纳米管、碳纳米纤维、石墨烯与碳气凝胶的制备与在电容器上的应用。
With the increasing depletion of fossil energy,electric energy as a clean new energy has received more and more attention.The increasingly serious environmental pollution is also recognized the importance of new energy.As a kind of electric energy,how to store is a big problem.In recent years,the application of high power electric equipment,such as electric vehicle,makes the research of super capacitor become more and more urgent.As the most important supercapacitor electrode materials,carbon electrode material is the core of the super capacitor,the research in this fieldis very active in recent years,active carbon powder,activated carbon fiber,carbon gel,carbon nanotubes,glassy carbon,carbon template,carbide derived carbon,graphene and other porous carbon materials used the super capacitor electrode material are reported.In this paper,the preparation and application of activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanofibers and graphene are reviewed.
With the increasing depletion of fossil energy,electric energy as a clean new energy has received more and more attention.The increasingly serious environmental pollution is also recognized the importance of new energy.As a kind of electric energy,how to store is a big problem.In recent years,the application of high power electric equipment,such as electric vehicle,makes the research of super capacitor become more and more urgent.As the most important supercapacitor electrode materials,carbon electrode material is the core of the super capacitor,the research in this fieldis very active in recent years,active carbon powder,activated carbon fiber,carbon gel,carbon nanotubes,glassy carbon,carbon template,carbide derived carbon,graphene and other porous carbon materials used the super capacitor electrode material are reported.In this paper,the preparation and application of activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,carbon nanofibers and graphene are reviewed.
引文
[1]杨裕生,曹高萍.电池(Battery),2006,36(1):34-36.
[2] Pandolfo A G,Hollenkamp A F.Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors,J.ower Sources,2006,157(1):11-27.
[3] Zhang L L,Zhao X S.Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes,Chem.Soc.Rev,2009,38(9):2520-2531.
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[5] Hu J,Wang Z,Zhang W,Xu Z,Wu Y,hu Z.Nanowires with a carbon nanotube core and silicon oxide sheath.Carbon,2006,44(8),1581-1583.
[6] Tanahashi I.Comparison of the characteristics of electric doublelayer capacitors with an activated carbon powder and an activated carbon fiber.J.Appl.Electrochem,2005,35:1067-1072.
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[13] Maruyama S,Kojima R,Miyauchi Y.Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol.Chem Phys Lett,2002,360:229-234.
[14] Thess A,Lee R,Nikolaev P.Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes.Science,1996,273:483-487.
[15] Bandow S,Rao A M,Williams K A.Purifieation of Single-wall carbon nanotubes by mierofiltration.J Phys Chem B,1997,101:8839-8842.
[16] Tsang S C,Harris P J F,Green M L H.Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by Oxidation using carbon dioxide.Nature,1993,362:520-522.
[17] K H An,W S Kim,Y S Park,Y C Choi,S M Lee,D C Chung,D J Bae,S C Lim,Y H Lee.Supercapacitor using single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes.Adv.Mater,2001,13,497-500.
[18] E Frackowiak,S Delpeux,K Jurewicz,K Szostak,D CazorlaAmoros,F Beguin,Enhanced capacitance of carbon nanotubes through chemical activation.Chemical Physics Letters,2002,361:35-41.
[19]马仁志,魏秉庆,徐才录,等.应用于超级电容器的碳纳米管电极的几个特点.2000,40(8):7-9.
[20] Journet C,Maser W K,Bemier P.Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique.Nature,1997,388:756-758.
[21] Liu C,Cong H T,Li F.Semi-continuous synthesis of singlewalled carbon nanotubes by a hydrogen arc discharge method.Carbon,1999,37:1865-1868.
[22] Kim C,Yang K S.Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber web as an electrode for supercapacitor prepared by electrospinning.Applied physics letters,2003,83(6):1216-1218.
[23] Huang X,Yin Z Y,Wu S X.Graphene-Based Materials:Syn thesis,Characterization,Properties,and Applications.Small,2011,7(14):1867-1902.
[24]刘呈坤,金立国.静电纺聚丙烯睛基碳纳米纤维的制备及电学表征.合成纤维.2008,37(4):49-5l.
[25] Sun Z Z,James D K,Tour J M.Graphene Chemistry:Synthesis and Manipulation.J.Phys.Chem.Lett.,2011,2(19):2425-2432.
[26]ParkS,SuhY,FlorescaHC.HRTEMObservationof Mechanically Exfoliated Graphene from Natural Graphite and HOPG. Graphene and Emerging Materials for Post-Cmos Applications.San Francisco,2009,19(5):81-85.
[27] Viculis L M,Mack J J,Mayer O M.Intercalation and Exfoliation Routes to Graphite Nanoplatelets.J.Mater.Chem.,2005,15(9):974-978.
[28] Hernandez Y,Nicolosi V,Lotya M.High-Yield Production of Graphene by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite.Nature Nanotech,2008,3(9):563-568.
[29] M D Stoller,S Park,Y Zhu,J An,RS Ruoff,Graphene-based ultracapacitors,Nano Letters,2008,8:3498-3502.
[30] Y Wang,Z Shi,Y Huang,Y Ma,C Wang,M Chen,and Y.Chen.Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials.J.Phys.Chem.C,2009,113:13103-13107.
[31] S Biswas,L T Drzal,Multilayered Nano-Architecture of Variable Sized Graphene Nanosheets for Enhanced Supercapacitor Electrode Performance,ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2010,2:2293-2300.
[32] S R C Vivekchand,C S Rout,K S Subrahmanyam,A Govindaraj,C N R Rao.Graphene-based electrochemical supercapacitors,J.Chem.Sci.,2008,120:9-13.
[33] X Zhao,H.Tian,MY Zhu,K Tian,J J Wang,F Kang,R A Outlaw.Carbon nanosheets as the electrode material in supercapacitors.Journal of Power Sources,2009,194:1208-1212.
[34] S Nomotoa,H Nakataa,K Yoshioka,A Yoshidaa,H Yonedab.Advanced capacitors and their application.J.Power Sources,2001,97:807-811.
[35] R Kotz,M Carlen.Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors.Electrochimica Acta,2000,45:2483-2498.
[36]土进福,顾金玲,韩喜江.基于酚醛树脂的超高比表面积中孔活性炭的研究[J].炭素,2008,3:20-23.
[37]许成功.高比表面积活性炭的制备及其储氢性能的研究进展[J].化学教育,2006(9):8-10.
[38] R W Pekala,J C Farmer,C T Alviso.Carbon aerogels for electrochemical applications.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998,225:74-80.
[39] Sung-Woo Hwang,Sang-Hoon Hyun.Capacitance control of carbon aerogel electrodes.Journal of Noncrystalline Solids,2004,347:238-245.
[40]袁磊,袁秋月,土朝阳.碳气凝胶及活化碳气凝胶电极材料制备与性能.强激光与粒子束,2011,23(3):671-674.
[41] Yuan Lei,Yuan Qiuyue,Wang Chaoyang.Study on Preparation and Performance of CRF and Activated CRF Electrode Materials.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2011,23(3):671-674.
[42] Frackowiak E,Beguin F.Carbon Material for the Electrochemical Storage of Energy in Capacitors.Carbon,2001,39(6):937-950.
[43] Barbieri F E,Dolle T P,Pieke.Small-angle X-ray scattering of a new series of organic aerogels.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2001,285(1-3):109-115.
[2] Pandolfo A G,Hollenkamp A F.Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors,J.ower Sources,2006,157(1):11-27.
[3] Zhang L L,Zhao X S.Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes,Chem.Soc.Rev,2009,38(9):2520-2531.
[4] Knox J H,Kaur B,Millward G R.graphitic carbon in liquid chromatography,J.Chromatogr.A.1986,352:3-25.
[5] Hu J,Wang Z,Zhang W,Xu Z,Wu Y,hu Z.Nanowires with a carbon nanotube core and silicon oxide sheath.Carbon,2006,44(8),1581-1583.
[6] Tanahashi I.Comparison of the characteristics of electric doublelayer capacitors with an activated carbon powder and an activated carbon fiber.J.Appl.Electrochem,2005,35:1067-1072.
[7] Qu D Y,Shi H.Studies of activated carbons used in double-layer capacitors.J.Power Sources,1998,74,99.
[8] Raymundo-Pinero E,Kierzek K,Machnikowski J,Beguin F.Relationship between the nanoporous texture of activated carbons and their capacitance properies in different electrolytes,Carb on,2006,44,2498-2507.
[9] Kim Y J,Abe Y,Yanagiura T,Park K C,Shimizu M,Iwazaki T,Nakagawa S,Endo M,DresselhausM S.Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy ensity in supercapacitors.Carbon,2007,45,2116-2125.
[10] Yata S,Okamoto E,Satake H,Kubota H,Fujii M,Taguchi T,Kinoshita H,Polyacence capacitors.J.Power Sources,1996,60(2),207.
[11] E Mora,V Ruiz,R Sanamaria,C Blanco,M Granda,R Menendez,J M Juarez Galan,F Rodriguez-Reinoso.Influence of mesophase activation conditions on the specific capacitance of he resulting carbons.J.Power Sources,2006,156,719-724.
[12] Nikolaev P,Bronikowski M,Bradley R K.Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide.Chem Phys Lett,1999,313:91-97.
[13] Maruyama S,Kojima R,Miyauchi Y.Low-temperature synthesis of high-purity single-walled carbon nanotubes from alcohol.Chem Phys Lett,2002,360:229-234.
[14] Thess A,Lee R,Nikolaev P.Crystalline ropes of metallic carbon nanotubes.Science,1996,273:483-487.
[15] Bandow S,Rao A M,Williams K A.Purifieation of Single-wall carbon nanotubes by mierofiltration.J Phys Chem B,1997,101:8839-8842.
[16] Tsang S C,Harris P J F,Green M L H.Thinning and opening of carbon nanotubes by Oxidation using carbon dioxide.Nature,1993,362:520-522.
[17] K H An,W S Kim,Y S Park,Y C Choi,S M Lee,D C Chung,D J Bae,S C Lim,Y H Lee.Supercapacitor using single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes.Adv.Mater,2001,13,497-500.
[18] E Frackowiak,S Delpeux,K Jurewicz,K Szostak,D CazorlaAmoros,F Beguin,Enhanced capacitance of carbon nanotubes through chemical activation.Chemical Physics Letters,2002,361:35-41.
[19]马仁志,魏秉庆,徐才录,等.应用于超级电容器的碳纳米管电极的几个特点.2000,40(8):7-9.
[20] Journet C,Maser W K,Bemier P.Large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the electric-arc technique.Nature,1997,388:756-758.
[21] Liu C,Cong H T,Li F.Semi-continuous synthesis of singlewalled carbon nanotubes by a hydrogen arc discharge method.Carbon,1999,37:1865-1868.
[22] Kim C,Yang K S.Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofiber web as an electrode for supercapacitor prepared by electrospinning.Applied physics letters,2003,83(6):1216-1218.
[23] Huang X,Yin Z Y,Wu S X.Graphene-Based Materials:Syn thesis,Characterization,Properties,and Applications.Small,2011,7(14):1867-1902.
[24]刘呈坤,金立国.静电纺聚丙烯睛基碳纳米纤维的制备及电学表征.合成纤维.2008,37(4):49-5l.
[25] Sun Z Z,James D K,Tour J M.Graphene Chemistry:Synthesis and Manipulation.J.Phys.Chem.Lett.,2011,2(19):2425-2432.
[26]ParkS,SuhY,FlorescaHC.HRTEMObservationof Mechanically Exfoliated Graphene from Natural Graphite and HOPG. Graphene and Emerging Materials for Post-Cmos Applications.San Francisco,2009,19(5):81-85.
[27] Viculis L M,Mack J J,Mayer O M.Intercalation and Exfoliation Routes to Graphite Nanoplatelets.J.Mater.Chem.,2005,15(9):974-978.
[28] Hernandez Y,Nicolosi V,Lotya M.High-Yield Production of Graphene by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Graphite.Nature Nanotech,2008,3(9):563-568.
[29] M D Stoller,S Park,Y Zhu,J An,RS Ruoff,Graphene-based ultracapacitors,Nano Letters,2008,8:3498-3502.
[30] Y Wang,Z Shi,Y Huang,Y Ma,C Wang,M Chen,and Y.Chen.Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials.J.Phys.Chem.C,2009,113:13103-13107.
[31] S Biswas,L T Drzal,Multilayered Nano-Architecture of Variable Sized Graphene Nanosheets for Enhanced Supercapacitor Electrode Performance,ACS Appl.Mater.Interfaces,2010,2:2293-2300.
[32] S R C Vivekchand,C S Rout,K S Subrahmanyam,A Govindaraj,C N R Rao.Graphene-based electrochemical supercapacitors,J.Chem.Sci.,2008,120:9-13.
[33] X Zhao,H.Tian,MY Zhu,K Tian,J J Wang,F Kang,R A Outlaw.Carbon nanosheets as the electrode material in supercapacitors.Journal of Power Sources,2009,194:1208-1212.
[34] S Nomotoa,H Nakataa,K Yoshioka,A Yoshidaa,H Yonedab.Advanced capacitors and their application.J.Power Sources,2001,97:807-811.
[35] R Kotz,M Carlen.Principles and applications of electrochemical capacitors.Electrochimica Acta,2000,45:2483-2498.
[36]土进福,顾金玲,韩喜江.基于酚醛树脂的超高比表面积中孔活性炭的研究[J].炭素,2008,3:20-23.
[37]许成功.高比表面积活性炭的制备及其储氢性能的研究进展[J].化学教育,2006(9):8-10.
[38] R W Pekala,J C Farmer,C T Alviso.Carbon aerogels for electrochemical applications.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,1998,225:74-80.
[39] Sung-Woo Hwang,Sang-Hoon Hyun.Capacitance control of carbon aerogel electrodes.Journal of Noncrystalline Solids,2004,347:238-245.
[40]袁磊,袁秋月,土朝阳.碳气凝胶及活化碳气凝胶电极材料制备与性能.强激光与粒子束,2011,23(3):671-674.
[41] Yuan Lei,Yuan Qiuyue,Wang Chaoyang.Study on Preparation and Performance of CRF and Activated CRF Electrode Materials.High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2011,23(3):671-674.
[42] Frackowiak E,Beguin F.Carbon Material for the Electrochemical Storage of Energy in Capacitors.Carbon,2001,39(6):937-950.
[43] Barbieri F E,Dolle T P,Pieke.Small-angle X-ray scattering of a new series of organic aerogels.Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids,2001,285(1-3):109-115.