莱辛《沃灵帝国感伤使者》中的隐喻话语叙事
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摘要
聚焦英国诺奖作家多丽丝·莱辛的太空小说《沃灵帝国感伤使者》,基于文本细读,结合历史文化背景,运用当代隐喻理论进行综合分析,探讨作品的语言主题,从而揭示其隐喻话语叙事特征。该小说是莱辛太空科幻作品系列《南船座的老人星:档案》的收官之作,它从语言问题出发总结升华了整个作品系列。小说中的修辞病医院旨在诊断治疗各种与经验现实脱节的语言模型,由此揭示人类思维的隐喻话语本质和体验性根基。殖民帝国没落的历史经验在莱辛作品中烙下了深刻印记,促成了其对语言、认知与经验关系的深刻思考,作品也由此呈现出鲜明的自我指涉特征,获得了鲜明的认知性,成为科幻批评视阈中一种新型的乌托邦寓言。
Based on a close reading of the text combined with a view of its historical and social background, this paper uses contemporary metaphor theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the language motif of Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire, a space fiction by the British Nobel Prize writer Doris Lessing, with an aim of revealing its metaphorical discourse narrative features. This novel is the final work of her sci-fi space fiction pentalogy Canopus in Argos: Archives. Starting from linguistic issues, the work concludes and sublimates the whole series. The hospital for rhetoric disease in the work functions to diagnose and treat various types of linguistic diseases that make people out of touch with practical experience, and thus to reveal the metaphorical essence of discourse and the empirical feature of human cognition. The decline history of colonial empires deeply brands Lessing's works to promote her thinking over the relationship between language, cognition and empirical reality. The work demonstrates a distinctive feature of self-referentiality and cognition to represent a new type of Utopian fable in sci-fi work.
Based on a close reading of the text combined with a view of its historical and social background, this paper uses contemporary metaphor theories to make a comprehensive analysis of the language motif of Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire, a space fiction by the British Nobel Prize writer Doris Lessing, with an aim of revealing its metaphorical discourse narrative features. This novel is the final work of her sci-fi space fiction pentalogy Canopus in Argos: Archives. Starting from linguistic issues, the work concludes and sublimates the whole series. The hospital for rhetoric disease in the work functions to diagnose and treat various types of linguistic diseases that make people out of touch with practical experience, and thus to reveal the metaphorical essence of discourse and the empirical feature of human cognition. The decline history of colonial empires deeply brands Lessing's works to promote her thinking over the relationship between language, cognition and empirical reality. The work demonstrates a distinctive feature of self-referentiality and cognition to represent a new type of Utopian fable in sci-fi work.
引文
[1]Bradshaw,D.1978.Eugenics:“They Should Certainly Be Killed”[A].In D.Bradshaw(ed.)AConcise Companion to Modernism[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[2]Childs,D.2001.Modernism and Eugenics:Woolf,Eliot,Yeats and the Culture of Degeneration[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[3]Fahim,S.1994.Doris Lessing:Sufi Equilibrium and the Form of the Novel[M].New York:St.Martin’s Press.
[4]Hanley,L.2005.Sleeping with the Enemy:Doris Lessing in the Century of Destruction[A].In J.Richetti(ed.)The Columbia History of the British Novel[C].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
[5]Ingersoll,E.1994.Doris Lessing:Conversations[M].New York:Ohio Review Press.
[6]K?vescses,Z.2005.Metaphors in Culture:Universality and Variation[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[7]Lakoff,G.2002.Moral Politics:How Liberals and Conservatives Think[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
[8]Lakoff,G.2009.The Political Mind:A Cognitive Scientist’s Guide to Your Brain and Its Politics[M].New York:Penguin Books.
[9]Lakoff,G.&M.Johnson.1980.Metaphors We Live by[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
[10]Lakoff,G.&M.Johnson.1999.Philosophy in the Flesh:The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M].New York:Basic Books.
[11]Lakoff,G.&M.Turner.1989.More than Cool Reason:A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor[M].Chicago:The University Press of Chicago.
[12]Lessing,D.1983.Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire[M].New York:Vintage Books.
[13]Lessing,D.2002.Re:Colonized Planet5:Shikasta[M].London:Harper Collins Publishers.
[14]Ricoeur,P.1975a.The Rule of Metaphor:Multi-disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language[M].London:Routledge&Kegan Paul.
[15]Ricoeur,P.1975b.Biblical Hermeneutics[J].Semeia,(4):29-148.
[16]Stevenson,R.2007.The Oxford English Literary History(1960-2000):The Last of England?[M].Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press.
[17]苏恩文.2011.科幻小说面面观[M].郝琳,李庆涛译.合肥:安徽文艺出版社.
[18]田海龙.2017.中央文献英译的话语研究范式--超学科视角[J].天津外国语大学学报,(5):1-7.
[19]王寅.2014.语言哲学研究--21世纪中国后语言哲学沉思录(下)[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[20]项成东,姚磊.2018.隐喻解读与文化认知--以政体的跨文化解读为例[J].天津外国语大学学报,(4):45-55.
(1)克罗古尔表面上富有同情心,甚至为反叛者之死而哭泣,打动了因森特,实际上他却是个善于利用语言操控他人达到目的的人。
(2)沙迪亚·法希姆认为,莱辛的科幻小说系列贡献了“平衡主题中最成熟的观念”。
(3)埃及政府从英国殖民政府手中将苏伊士运河收归国有,这是殖民帝国彻底崩溃的标志性事件之一。
(4)1899年12月,英国军队在一周内三次被布尔的游击队击败。自以为所向披靡的英国军队花了三年时间,耗资2 500万英镑,才击败缺乏武器和财力支援、自发组织的当地游击队。
(5)王寅(2014:442)将后现代主义思想的发展划分为三个不同的发展阶段:一是人本性、批判性时期,包括海德格尔、伽达默尔的人本哲学到法兰克福的批判学派;二是较为激进的破坏性和解构性时期,包括12位法国后现代哲学家及奥、美、意的学者;三是建设后现代时期,以倡导体验哲学的英美学者为主,也包括中国学者。
(6)苏恩文将其逻辑归结为第一段:没有绝对的准则,第二段:第一段未必为真。
[2]Childs,D.2001.Modernism and Eugenics:Woolf,Eliot,Yeats and the Culture of Degeneration[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[3]Fahim,S.1994.Doris Lessing:Sufi Equilibrium and the Form of the Novel[M].New York:St.Martin’s Press.
[4]Hanley,L.2005.Sleeping with the Enemy:Doris Lessing in the Century of Destruction[A].In J.Richetti(ed.)The Columbia History of the British Novel[C].Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
[5]Ingersoll,E.1994.Doris Lessing:Conversations[M].New York:Ohio Review Press.
[6]K?vescses,Z.2005.Metaphors in Culture:Universality and Variation[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
[7]Lakoff,G.2002.Moral Politics:How Liberals and Conservatives Think[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
[8]Lakoff,G.2009.The Political Mind:A Cognitive Scientist’s Guide to Your Brain and Its Politics[M].New York:Penguin Books.
[9]Lakoff,G.&M.Johnson.1980.Metaphors We Live by[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press.
[10]Lakoff,G.&M.Johnson.1999.Philosophy in the Flesh:The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought[M].New York:Basic Books.
[11]Lakoff,G.&M.Turner.1989.More than Cool Reason:A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor[M].Chicago:The University Press of Chicago.
[12]Lessing,D.1983.Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire[M].New York:Vintage Books.
[13]Lessing,D.2002.Re:Colonized Planet5:Shikasta[M].London:Harper Collins Publishers.
[14]Ricoeur,P.1975a.The Rule of Metaphor:Multi-disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language[M].London:Routledge&Kegan Paul.
[15]Ricoeur,P.1975b.Biblical Hermeneutics[J].Semeia,(4):29-148.
[16]Stevenson,R.2007.The Oxford English Literary History(1960-2000):The Last of England?[M].Beijing:Foreign Language and Research Press.
[17]苏恩文.2011.科幻小说面面观[M].郝琳,李庆涛译.合肥:安徽文艺出版社.
[18]田海龙.2017.中央文献英译的话语研究范式--超学科视角[J].天津外国语大学学报,(5):1-7.
[19]王寅.2014.语言哲学研究--21世纪中国后语言哲学沉思录(下)[M].北京:北京大学出版社.
[20]项成东,姚磊.2018.隐喻解读与文化认知--以政体的跨文化解读为例[J].天津外国语大学学报,(4):45-55.
(1)克罗古尔表面上富有同情心,甚至为反叛者之死而哭泣,打动了因森特,实际上他却是个善于利用语言操控他人达到目的的人。
(2)沙迪亚·法希姆认为,莱辛的科幻小说系列贡献了“平衡主题中最成熟的观念”。
(3)埃及政府从英国殖民政府手中将苏伊士运河收归国有,这是殖民帝国彻底崩溃的标志性事件之一。
(4)1899年12月,英国军队在一周内三次被布尔的游击队击败。自以为所向披靡的英国军队花了三年时间,耗资2 500万英镑,才击败缺乏武器和财力支援、自发组织的当地游击队。
(5)王寅(2014:442)将后现代主义思想的发展划分为三个不同的发展阶段:一是人本性、批判性时期,包括海德格尔、伽达默尔的人本哲学到法兰克福的批判学派;二是较为激进的破坏性和解构性时期,包括12位法国后现代哲学家及奥、美、意的学者;三是建设后现代时期,以倡导体验哲学的英美学者为主,也包括中国学者。
(6)苏恩文将其逻辑归结为第一段:没有绝对的准则,第二段:第一段未必为真。