西北太平洋柔鱼渔场台风时空变化及其对柔鱼产量的影响分析
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摘要
随着渔业资源与渔场学研究的深入和西北太平洋柔鱼资源开发利用及渔场环境监测的需要,开展台风等极端天气下柔鱼资源与环境关系的研究,对西北太平洋柔鱼资源评估与渔场预报工作可起有益的补充作用。根据2001～2014年中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径资料和西北太平洋柔鱼渔场渔获数据,分析了14 a间影响西北太平洋柔鱼渔场台风活动特征及其对柔鱼产量的影响,得到以下结果:共记录了83次台风,热带风暴33次、强热带风暴40次和台风10次。年均台风数量为5. 93±1. 73次,台风高发月份为8～10月。台风生命期越长,对单位捕捞努力量渔获量(catch per unit effort,CPUE)的影响越大,生命期大于48 h的台风消亡后2～7 d CPUE呈大幅增长。TY(typhoon)级别强度台风对CPUE的影响最大,随TY临近渔场,CPUE迅速减少,TY消亡后2～7 d CPUE呈大幅增长。研究结果对西北太平洋渔业生产安全的预报及柔鱼资源的有效利用将产生有益的影响。
The best track data of tropical cyclones over 14 years period from 2001 to 2014 obtained from China Meteorological Administration and squid production data were used to make an analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution of typhoons which have impact in the squid fishing ground,and its influence on the catch of Ommastrephes bartramii in the squid fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The result suggests that 83 typhoons were recorded during this period,among which were 33 Tropical Storms,40 Strong Tropical Storms and 10 typhoons. The annual average number of typhoon was 5. 93 ± 1. 73 ind. High incidence active month of typhoon in this area was between August and October. The longer of lifespan of typhoons,the more impact of catch per unit effort( CPUE). CPUE increased greatly within 2 to 7 days after typhoon extincted,which lifespan was over 48 hours. The intensity of Typhoons impacts CPUE heaviest. CPUE rapidly reduced before typhoon reaching fishing ground and then sharp increased within 2 to 7 days after typhoon extincted. The results of the analysis will have beneficial influence on the forecast and service of typhoon in the squid fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the work of typhoon prevention and disaster reduction.
The best track data of tropical cyclones over 14 years period from 2001 to 2014 obtained from China Meteorological Administration and squid production data were used to make an analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution of typhoons which have impact in the squid fishing ground,and its influence on the catch of Ommastrephes bartramii in the squid fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The result suggests that 83 typhoons were recorded during this period,among which were 33 Tropical Storms,40 Strong Tropical Storms and 10 typhoons. The annual average number of typhoon was 5. 93 ± 1. 73 ind. High incidence active month of typhoon in this area was between August and October. The longer of lifespan of typhoons,the more impact of catch per unit effort( CPUE). CPUE increased greatly within 2 to 7 days after typhoon extincted,which lifespan was over 48 hours. The intensity of Typhoons impacts CPUE heaviest. CPUE rapidly reduced before typhoon reaching fishing ground and then sharp increased within 2 to 7 days after typhoon extincted. The results of the analysis will have beneficial influence on the forecast and service of typhoon in the squid fishing ground in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the work of typhoon prevention and disaster reduction.
引文
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[3]张兴铭,包澄澜.海洋自然灾害对环太平洋沿岸国家和地区社会经济的影响及减灾状况概览[J].太平洋学报,1995(2):151-157.
[4]王文宇,邵全琴,薛允传,等.西北太平洋柔鱼资源与海洋环境的GIS空间分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2003,5(1):39-44.
[5]陈新军.渔业资源与渔场学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2004.
[6]周金官,陈新军,刘必林.世界头足类资源开发利用现状及其潜力[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3):268-275.
[7]唐峰华,靳少非,张胜茂,等.北太平洋柔鱼渔场时空分布与海洋环境要素的研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(8):2093-2100.
[8]张弛.北太平洋鱿钓渔场台风的分析与探讨[J].中国水产,1996(2):37.
[9]YU J,TANG D L,LI Y Z,et al.Increase in fish abundance during two typhoons in the South China Sea[J].Advances in Space Research,2013,51(9):1734-1749.
[10]陈尚印.东海台风与乌贼的丰歉[J].海洋渔业,1982(1):7-8.
[11]SAKAIDA F,KAWAMURA H,TOBA Y.Sea surface cooling caused by typhoons in the Tohuku area in August 1989[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(C1):1053-1065.
[12]YU J,TANG D L,CHEN G B,et al.The positive effects of typhoons on the fish CPUE in the South China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,2014,84:1-12.
[13]赵辉,张书文,侯一筠,等.热带风暴“天鹰”对南海西部浮游植物叶绿素浓度的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2013,32(5):99-106.
[14]FAN W,WU Y M,CUI X S.The study on fishing ground of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes barwamii)and ocean environment based on remote sensing data in the Northwest Pacific Ocean[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2009,27(2):408-414.
[15]FANG X H,ZHENG F.Effect of decadal changes in air-sea interaction on the climate mean state over the Tropical Pacific[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2014,7(5):400-405.
[16]徐文玲,苏洁.台风对西北太平洋海表温度的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2007,37(S2):17-22.
[17]YING,M,ZHANG W,YU H,et al.An overview of the China meteorological administration tropical cyclone database[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,2014,31(2),287-301.
[18]中国气象局.台风业务和服务规定[M].北京:气象出版社.2001.
[19]化成君,张衡,伍玉梅,等.中东太平洋金枪鱼延绳钓中心渔场的时空变化[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(5):1243-1247.
[20]刘玉国,马应生,刘怡然.西太副高第一次北跳与其后热带气旋的关系[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2017,18(2):156-162.
[21]秦丽娟,董庆,薛存金.西北太平洋热带气旋源地30a的季节和年代际变化[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(5):723-728.
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