耦合EMMS曳力与简化双流体模型的气固流动模拟
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摘要
提出了一种耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型,该模型忽略固相黏度,用简单的经验关联式来计算固相压力,并且耦合考虑了介尺度结构的EMMS曳力模型来计算气固相间作用力。采用简化双流体模型成功模拟一个三维实验室尺度鼓泡流化床,数值模拟结果与完整双流体模型以及实验测量结果进行了比较,结果表明耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型模拟结果与完整双流体模型耦合EMMS曳力的模拟结果基本相当,并且都与实验结果吻合良好,然而简化双流体模型的计算速度是完整双流体模型的两倍以上。这表明曳力模型在气固模拟中起着主导作用,而固相应力的作用是其次的,耦合EMMS曳力的简化双流体模型在实现工业规模气固反应器快速模拟中具有巨大潜力。
A simplified two-fluid model(STFM) combined with energy-minimization multi-scale(EMMS) drag was proposed for accurate and fast simulation of gas-solid flows. In this new approach, solid phase pressure was calculated by an empirical correlation without considering solid phase viscosity and interphase momentum transfer was calculated from EMMS drag model by taking into account of coupled effects of meso-scale structures. A lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed was successfully simulated in 3 D by this approach. STFM coupled with EMMS drag had comparable simulation results to FTFM coupled with EMMS drag, and both agreed well with experimental data. Compared to FTFM, STFM doubled simulation speed and thus significantly reduced computational cost. The gas-solid simulation suggests that drag model has a primarily dominant effect, followed by solid phase stress. The model of STFM combined with EMMS drag has large potentials in rapid simulation of commercial gas-solid reactors.
A simplified two-fluid model(STFM) combined with energy-minimization multi-scale(EMMS) drag was proposed for accurate and fast simulation of gas-solid flows. In this new approach, solid phase pressure was calculated by an empirical correlation without considering solid phase viscosity and interphase momentum transfer was calculated from EMMS drag model by taking into account of coupled effects of meso-scale structures. A lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed was successfully simulated in 3 D by this approach. STFM coupled with EMMS drag had comparable simulation results to FTFM coupled with EMMS drag, and both agreed well with experimental data. Compared to FTFM, STFM doubled simulation speed and thus significantly reduced computational cost. The gas-solid simulation suggests that drag model has a primarily dominant effect, followed by solid phase stress. The model of STFM combined with EMMS drag has large potentials in rapid simulation of commercial gas-solid reactors.
引文
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[25]鲁波娜,张景远,王维,等.FCC反应过程的CFD模拟进展[J].化工学报,2016,67(8):3121-3132.LU B N,ZHANG J Y,WANG W,et al.CFD modeling of FCC reaction process:a review[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(8):3121-3132.
[26]LU L,XU J,GE W,et al.Computer virtual experiment on fluidized beds using a coarse-grained discrete particle method—EMMS-DPM[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2016,155:314-337.
[27]LU L,XU J,GE W,et al.EMMS-based discrete particle method(EMMS-DPM)for simulation of gas-solid flows[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2014,120:67-87.
[28]徐骥,卢利强,葛蔚,等.基于EMMS范式的离散模拟及其化工应用[J].化工学报,2016,67(1):14-26.XU J,LU L Q,GE W,et al.Discrete simulation based on EMMS paradigm and its applications in chemical engineering[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(1):14-26.
[29]李静海,欧阳洁,高士秋,等.颗粒流体复杂系统的多尺度模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.LI J H,OUYANG J,GAO S Q,et al.Multi-Scale Simulation of Particle-Fluid Complex Systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[30]WEN C Y,YU Y H.Mechanics of fluidization[J].Chem.Eng.Prog.Symp.Ser.,1966,162:100-111.
[31]DUBRAWSKI K,TEBIANIAN S,BI H T,et al.Traveling column for comparison of invasive and non-invasive fluidization voidage measurement techniques[J].Powder Technol.,2013,235:203-220.
[2]WANG L M,ZHOUG G F,WANG X W,et al.Direct numerical simulation of particle-fluid systems by combining time-driven hardsphere model and lattice Boltzmann method[J].Particuology,2010,8:379-382.
[3]XIONG Q G,LI B,ZHOUG G F,et al.Large-scale DNS of gas-solid flows on Mole-8.5[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2012,71:422-430.
[4]TSUJI Y,KAWAGUCHI T,TANAKA T.Discrete particle simulation of two-dimensional fluidized bed[J].Powder Technol.,1993,77:79-87.
[5]XU B H,YU A B.Numerical simulation of the gas-solid flow in a fluidized bed by combining discrete particle method with computational fluid dynamics[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,1997,52:2785-2809.
[6]ANDERSON T B,JACKSON R.A fluid mechanical description of fluidized beds[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Fundam.,1967,6:527-539.
[7]ISHII M.Thermo-Fluid Dynamic Theory of Two-Phase Flow[M].Paris:Eyrolles,1975.
[8]GIDASPOW D.Multiphase Flow and Fluidization:Continuum and Kinetic Theory Description[M].Boston:Academic Press,1994.
[9]LUN C K,SAVAGE S B,JEFFREY D J,et al.Kinetic theories for granular flow:inelastic particles in Couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flowfield[J].J.Fluid Mech.,1984,140:223-223.
[10]BOUILLARD J X,LYCZKOWSKI R W,GIDASPOW D.Porosity distributions in a fluidized bed with an immersed obstacle[J].AICh E J.,1989,35:908-922.
[11]PATIL D J,VAN SINT ANNALAND M,KUIPERS J A M.Critical comparison of hydrodynamic models for gas-solid fluidized beds(Ⅰ):Bubbling gas-solid fluidized beds operated with a jet[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2005,60:57-72.
[12]SUN B,GIDASPOW D.Computation of circulating fluidized-bed riser flow for the fluidization(Ⅷ):Benchmark test[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,1999,38:787-792.
[13]VAN WACHEM B G M,SCHOUTEN J C,VAN DEN BLEEK C M,et al.Comparative analysis of CFD models of dense gas-solid systems[J].AICh E J.,2001,47:1035-1051.
[14]YANG N,WANG W,GE W,et al.CFD simulation of concurrent-up gas-solid flow in circulating fluidized beds with structure-dependent drag coefficient[J].Chem.Eng.J.,2003,96:71-80.
[15]WANG W,LI J.Simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow by a multiscale CFD approach of the EMMS model to the sub-grid level[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2007,62:208-231.
[16]LU B,WANG W,LI J.Searching for a mesh-independent sub-grid model for CFD simulation of gas-solid riser flows[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2009,64:3437-3447.
[17]LU B,WANG W,LI J,et al.Multi-scale CFD simulation of gas-solid flow in MIP reactors with a structure-dependent drag model[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2007,62:5487-5494.
[18]ZHANG N,LU B L,WANG W,et al.Virtual experimentation through3D full-loop simulation of a circulating fluidized bed[J].Particuology,2008,6:529-539.
[19]HONG K,SHI Z,WANG W,et al.A structure-dependent multi-fluid model(SFM)for heterogeneous gas-solid flow[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2013,99:191-202.
[20]LIU X,JIANG Y,LIU C,et al.Hydrodynamic modeling of gas-solid bubbling fluidization based on energy-minimization multiscale(EMMS)theory[J].Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.,2014,53:2800-2810.
[21]ZENELI M,NIKOLOPOULOS A,NIKOLOPOULOS N,et al.Application of an advanced coupled EMMS-TFM model to a pilot scale CFB carbonator[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2015,138:482-498.
[22]SHAH M T,UTIKAR R P,TADE M O,et al.Hydrodynamics of an FCC riser using energy minimization multiscale drag model[J].Chem.Eng.J.,2011,168:812-821.
[23]王维,洪坤,鲁波娜,等.流态化模拟:基于介尺度结构的多尺度CFD[J].化工学报,2013,64(1):95-106.WANG W,HONG K,LU B N,et al.Fluidized bed simulation:structuredependent multiscale CFD[J].CIESC Journal,2013,64(1):95-106.
[24]刘雅宁,鲁波娜,卢利强,等.基于EMMS模型的大型催化裂化装置再生器气固分布数值模拟[J].化工学报,2015,66(8):2911-2919.LIU Y L,LU B N,LU L Q,et al.EMMS-based numerical simulation on gas and solids distribution in large-scale FCC regenerators[J].CIESC Journal,2015,66(8):2911-2919.
[25]鲁波娜,张景远,王维,等.FCC反应过程的CFD模拟进展[J].化工学报,2016,67(8):3121-3132.LU B N,ZHANG J Y,WANG W,et al.CFD modeling of FCC reaction process:a review[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(8):3121-3132.
[26]LU L,XU J,GE W,et al.Computer virtual experiment on fluidized beds using a coarse-grained discrete particle method—EMMS-DPM[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2016,155:314-337.
[27]LU L,XU J,GE W,et al.EMMS-based discrete particle method(EMMS-DPM)for simulation of gas-solid flows[J].Chem.Eng.Sci.,2014,120:67-87.
[28]徐骥,卢利强,葛蔚,等.基于EMMS范式的离散模拟及其化工应用[J].化工学报,2016,67(1):14-26.XU J,LU L Q,GE W,et al.Discrete simulation based on EMMS paradigm and its applications in chemical engineering[J].CIESC Journal,2016,67(1):14-26.
[29]李静海,欧阳洁,高士秋,等.颗粒流体复杂系统的多尺度模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.LI J H,OUYANG J,GAO S Q,et al.Multi-Scale Simulation of Particle-Fluid Complex Systems[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[30]WEN C Y,YU Y H.Mechanics of fluidization[J].Chem.Eng.Prog.Symp.Ser.,1966,162:100-111.
[31]DUBRAWSKI K,TEBIANIAN S,BI H T,et al.Traveling column for comparison of invasive and non-invasive fluidization voidage measurement techniques[J].Powder Technol.,2013,235:203-220.