塔中地区鹰山组古岩溶潜水面及控储模式
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摘要
综合岩心、测井、岩溶古地貌等资料,研究塔中北斜坡鹰山组古岩溶多期次潜水面的识别方法、分布及控储模式。研究区鹰山组自下而上可识别出第1、2、3等3期潜水面,相应水平潜流带的典型判识特征分别为:囊状溶蚀孔洞层或近水平溶缝等单一岩溶组构,出现小型洞穴及不同岩溶组构之间的叠置组合,多层洞穴及孔径更大的不同岩溶组构的叠置组合。平面上,阶段上升的海平面使得岩溶洼地、斜坡、高地分别发育第1期、第1、2期、第1、2、3期潜水面,受控于岩溶期鹰山组近水平的地层产状,3期岩溶潜水面及之下水平潜流带内的缝洞体与各亚段地层夹角极小,导致岩溶储集层呈"区域穿层、局部顺层"的展布特征。各期的潜水面与不整合面之间距离、水平潜流带厚度、储集层平均厚度等参数均具有随着岩溶地貌升高而变大的趋势,具有2~3期潜水面及更大厚度水平潜流带的岩溶高地和斜坡,储集层套数更多、厚度更大,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类储集层更发育,是有利的勘探区域。
Based on cores, well logging and karstic paleogeomorphology, the identification method of multi-period paleokarstic water tables and their distribution and control on reservoirs were researched of Yingshan Formation in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin. Three periods' water tables numbered 1 to 3 have been identified from bottom to top of Yingshan Formation in Tazhong Area. The corresponding typical horizontal undercurrent zones are characterized by single karst fabrics such as sack-like dissolved vugs or subhorizontal channels, combination of various karst fabrics like pre-existing high-angle fractures intersected by small caves and subhorizontal channels, and combination of multi-layered caves and different karst fabrics of large pores. On the plane, periodical rising sea levels caused the development of No.1, No.1 and 2, No.1, 2 and 3 water tables in karst depressions, slopes and highlands respectively. As the result of the nearly horizontal occurrence of Yingshan Formation, submembers of Yingshan Formation had tiny angles with fracture-cave bodies of each period's water table, so the karst reservoirs are characterized by "crossed strata regionally and developed along the stratum locally". The distance between water table and unconformity, thickness of horizontal undercurrent zone and average thickness of reservoir all tended to increase with the rise of karst landforms. The karst highland and slope had 2-3 periods' water tables and thicker horizontal undercurrent zones, so they had thicker and better quality reservoirs, making them favorable exploration areas.
Based on cores, well logging and karstic paleogeomorphology, the identification method of multi-period paleokarstic water tables and their distribution and control on reservoirs were researched of Yingshan Formation in Tazhong Area, Tarim Basin. Three periods' water tables numbered 1 to 3 have been identified from bottom to top of Yingshan Formation in Tazhong Area. The corresponding typical horizontal undercurrent zones are characterized by single karst fabrics such as sack-like dissolved vugs or subhorizontal channels, combination of various karst fabrics like pre-existing high-angle fractures intersected by small caves and subhorizontal channels, and combination of multi-layered caves and different karst fabrics of large pores. On the plane, periodical rising sea levels caused the development of No.1, No.1 and 2, No.1, 2 and 3 water tables in karst depressions, slopes and highlands respectively. As the result of the nearly horizontal occurrence of Yingshan Formation, submembers of Yingshan Formation had tiny angles with fracture-cave bodies of each period's water table, so the karst reservoirs are characterized by "crossed strata regionally and developed along the stratum locally". The distance between water table and unconformity, thickness of horizontal undercurrent zone and average thickness of reservoir all tended to increase with the rise of karst landforms. The karst highland and slope had 2-3 periods' water tables and thicker horizontal undercurrent zones, so they had thicker and better quality reservoirs, making them favorable exploration areas.
引文
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[2]ESTEBAN M,WILSON J L.Introduction to karst systems and paleokarst reservoirs[M]//FRITZ R D,WILSON J L,YUREWICZ DA.Paleokarst related hydrocarbon reservoirs.New Orleans:SEPM,1993:1-10.
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[6]金民东,谭秀成,童明胜,等.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪地区灯四段岩溶古地貌恢复及地质意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2017,44(1):58-68.JIN Mindong,TAN Xiucheng,TONG Mingsheng,et al.Karst paleogeomorphology of the fourth Member of Sinian Dengying Formation in Gaoshiti-Moxi area,Sichuan Basin,SW China:Restoration and geological significance[J].2017,44(1):58-68.
[7]赵文智,沈安江,潘文庆,等.碳酸盐岩岩溶储层类型研究及对勘探的指导意义:以塔里木盆地岩溶储层为例[J].岩石学报,2013,29(9):3213-3222.ZHAO Wenzhi,SHEN Anjiang,PAN Wenqing,et al.A research on carbonate karst reservoirs classification and its implication on hydrocarbon exploration:Cases studies from Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2013,29(9):3213-3222.
[8]沈安江,赵文智,胡安平,等.海相碳酸盐岩储集层发育主控因素[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):545-554.SHEN Anjiang,ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Anping,et al.Major factors controlling the development of marine carbonate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):545-554.
[9]杨海军,韩剑发,孙崇浩,等.塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组岩溶型储层发育模式与油气勘探[J].石油学报,2011,32(2):199-205.YANG Haijun,HAN Jianfa,SUN Chonghao,et al.A development model and petroleum exploration of karst reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of Tazhong palaeouplift[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2011,32(2):199-205.
[10]吉云刚,韩剑发,张正红,等.塔里木盆地塔中北斜坡奥陶系鹰山组深部优质岩溶储层的形成与分布[J].地质学报,2012,86(7):1165-1175.JI Yungang,HAN Jianfa,ZHANG Zhenghong,et al.Formation and distribution of deep high quality reservoirs of Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the northern slope of the Tazhong Area in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2012,86(7):1165-1175.
[11]倪新锋,沈安江,潘文庆,等.优质碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集层地质建模:以塔中北斜坡及塔北南缘奥陶系为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(4):414-422.NI Xinfeng,SHEN Anjiang,PAN Wenqing,et al.Geological modeling of excellent fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs:A case study of the Ordovician in the northern slope of Tazhong palaeouplift and the southern area of Tabei slope,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(4):414-422.
[12]WRIGHT V P,BACETA J I,LAPOINTE P.Paleokarstic macroporosity development at platform margins:Lessons from the Paleocene of north Spain[J].Interpretation,2014,2(3):SF1-SF16.
[13]傅海成,邹长春,肖承文,等.轮古地区古岩溶成像测井响应特征及其对岩溶发育的指示作用[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(2):136-146.FU Haicheng,ZOU Changchun,XIAO Chengwen,et al.Characteristics of imaging logging response and indication of paleokarst development in Lungu area[J].Carsologica Sinica,2015,34(2):136-146.
[14]杨柳,李忠,吕修祥,等.塔中地区鹰山组岩溶储层表征与古地貌识别:基于电成像测井的解析[J].石油学报,2014,35(2):265-275.YANG Liu,LI Zhong,LYU Xiuxiang,et al.Paleotopographic characterization and reconstruction of karst reservoirs in Yingshan Formation,Tazhong area,Tarim Basin:A research based on borehole image log interpretation[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(2):265-275.
[15]耿晓洁,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡中下奥陶统鹰山组岩溶储层成像测井相精细研究[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):229-240.GENG Xiaojie,LIN Changsong,HAN Jianfa,et al.FMI facies research in the karst reservoirs of the Middle-Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Northern Slope of Tazhong Aera[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):229-240.
[16]李忠,李佳蔚,张平童,等.深层碳酸盐岩关键构造-流体演变与成岩-成储:以塔中奥陶系鹰山组为例[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(5):827-838.LI Zhong,LI Jiawei,ZHANG Pingtong,et al.Key structural-fluid evolution and reservoir diagenesis of deep-buried carbonates:An example from the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in Tazhong,Tarim Basin[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2016,35(5):827-838.
[17]孙崇浩,杨海军,潘文庆,等.塔中地区奥陶系鹰山组精细划分[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(1):46-48.SUN Chonghao,YANG Haijun,PAN Wenqing.et al.Fine division of Yingshan Formation of Ordovician in Tazhong Area,Tarim Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(1):46-48.
[18]任凭,林畅松,韩剑发,等.塔中北斜坡鹰山组碳酸盐岩沉积微相特征与演化[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):241-251.REN Ping,LIN Changsong,HAN Jianfa,et al.Microfacies characteristics and depositional evolution of the Lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation in north slope of Tazhong area,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):241-251.
[19]屈海洲,王福焕,王振宇,等.塔中北部斜坡带古岩溶发育特征及演化模式[J].新疆石油地质,2011,32(3):257-261.QU Haizhou,WANG Fuhuan,WANG Zhenyu,et al.Development and evolution pattern of paleo-karst in slope of northern Tazhong Area[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2011,32(3):257-261.
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