北京城郊生活燃烧蜂窝煤中氟释放
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摘要
为了解生活用蜂窝煤氟含量水平及氟排放率,以北京市大兴区黄村镇的前辛庄、后辛庄和周村3个自然村为研究对象,在2012年3个月取暖季内,针对蜂窝煤及煤渣中的氟含量分别进行了测定。结果表明:三个村庄蜂窝煤样品的w(F)均值为277.8μg/g(N=46),高于我国工业原煤w(F)平均值(约83μg/g);生活燃烧蜂窝煤氟排放率为61.6%,显著低于蜂窝煤汞排放率99.75%及电厂等工业燃煤氟排放率(80%~99%)。鉴于生活用蜂窝煤多为富氟的劣质煤,其氟含量高于工业原煤,而排放率却低于工业用煤排放率,因此不宜采用工业用煤w(F)平均值及工业燃煤氟排放率来计算民用蜂窝煤的氟排放量,有必要展开单独研究。
To investigate the fluorine content and emission rate in domestic honeycomb briquette,fluorine concentration of honeycomb briquette and cinder samples in Qian Xinzhuang Hou Xinzhuang and Zhou Cun,Da Xing district,Beijing during supply heating in March,2012 was determined. The results showed that the average fluorine concentration in honeycomb briquette samples was 277. 8 μg/g( N = 46),which was significantly higher than that in the industry coal in China( about 83 μg/g). Fluoine emission rate of domesitic honeycomb briquette was 61. 6%,which was significantly lower than that of mercury emission rate and fluoine emission rate of industrial coal( 80% ~ 99%). In view of the domestic coal found mostly inferior and its fluorine content are higher than the industrial coal but fluorine emission rate lower than that of industrial coal,the measuring and quantification method of fluorine emission from domestic coal should not comply to the mean fluorine content of industrial coal and that of fluorine emission rate,but a independent approach should be established.
To investigate the fluorine content and emission rate in domestic honeycomb briquette,fluorine concentration of honeycomb briquette and cinder samples in Qian Xinzhuang Hou Xinzhuang and Zhou Cun,Da Xing district,Beijing during supply heating in March,2012 was determined. The results showed that the average fluorine concentration in honeycomb briquette samples was 277. 8 μg/g( N = 46),which was significantly higher than that in the industry coal in China( about 83 μg/g). Fluoine emission rate of domesitic honeycomb briquette was 61. 6%,which was significantly lower than that of mercury emission rate and fluoine emission rate of industrial coal( 80% ~ 99%). In view of the domestic coal found mostly inferior and its fluorine content are higher than the industrial coal but fluorine emission rate lower than that of industrial coal,the measuring and quantification method of fluorine emission from domestic coal should not comply to the mean fluorine content of industrial coal and that of fluorine emission rate,but a independent approach should be established.
引文
1 Kumar J V,Moss M E.Fluorides in dental public health programs.Dental Clinics of North America,2008;52:387-401
2Cengeloglu Y,Esengül K L R,Mustafa E.Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using red mud.Purificaton Technology,2002;28:81-82
3孙玉壮.黔西煤中氟与燃煤型地方性氟中毒的地球化学研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005;24(4):350-356Sun Yuzhuang.Geochemical study advance about fluorine in coal and coal-burning endemic fluorosis from western Guizhou.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2005;24(4):350-356
4齐庆杰,刘建忠,周俊虎,等.煤中微量元素氟测定方法的研究进展.煤炭转化,2000;23(2):7-11Qi Qingjie,Liu Jianzhong,Zhou Junhu,et al.Review on determination methods of trace element fluorine in coal.Coal Conv Ersion,2000;23(2):7-11
5 Dai S F,Li W W,Tang Y G,et al.The sources,pathway and preventive measures for fluorosis in Zhijin County,Guizhou,China.Applied Geochemistry,2007;22(5):1017-1024
6 Liang H D,Liang Y C,Gardella J A J,et al.Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2011;56(22):2301-2303
7 Liu Y L,Luo K L,Li L,et al.Fluoride and sulphur dioxide indoor pollution situation and control in coal-burning endemic area in Zhaotong,Yunnan,China.Atmospheric Environment,2013;77:725-737
8 Finkelman R B,Belkin H E,Zheng B S.Health impacts of domestic coal use in China.Proceedings National Academy of Science,USA,1999;96(7):3427-3431
9唐文伟,顾国维,赵建夫,等.燃煤电厂氟污染规律研究.重庆环境科学,1999;21(4):39-42Tang Wenwei,Gu Guowei,Zhao Jianfu,et al.Study on fluorine pollution problem of power plant burning coal.Chongqing Environmental Science,1999;21(4):39-42
10刘建忠,吴晓蓉,姚强,等.煤在链条炉内燃烧过程中氟排放规律及抑制研究.工程热物理学报,1999;20(5):642-646Liu Jianzhong,Wu Xiaorong,Yao Qiang,et al.Study on emission and retention of fluorine during coal combustion in the chain-grate furnace.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1999;20(5):642-646
11郭英廷,侯惠敏,李娟,等.煤中砷、氟、汞、铅、镉在灰化过程中的逸散规律.中国煤田地质,1994;6(4):54-56Guo Yingting,Hou Huimin,Li Juan,et al.The law of arsenic,fluoride,mercury,lead and cadmium in the process of ashing.Coal Geology of China,1994;6(4):54-56
12雒昆利,徐立容,李日邦.中国华北地区和西北地区动力煤氟的排放量.科学通报,2002;47(11):873-877Luo Kun Li,Xu LiRong,Li Ribang.Fluoride emission from power coal in North China and Northwest China.China Science Bulletin,2002;47(11):873-877
13齐庆杰,刘建忠,曹欣玉,等.煤中氟分布与燃烧排放特性.化工学报,2002;53(6):572-577Qi Qingjie,Liu Jianzhong,Cao Xinyu,et al.Fluorine distribution characteristics in coal and behavior of fluorine during coal combustion.Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2002;53(6):572-577
14国家统计局能源司.中国能源统计年鉴2011.北京:中国统计出版社,2011National Bureau of Statistics Energy Division.China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2011.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2011
15今冬采暖工作正式开始.大兴报,2010-11-19.http://www.bjdx.gov.cn/jrdx/dxxw/gdxwtp/291694.htm The official start of the winter heating work.Daxing News,2010-11-19.http://www.bjdx.gov.cn/jrdx/dxxw/gdxwtp/291694.htm
16 Luo K L,Ren D Y,Xu L R,et al.Fluorine content and distribution pattern in Chinese coals.International Journal of Coal Geology,2004;57(2):143-149
17 Dai S F,Ren D Y.Fluorine concentration of coalsin Chinaan estimation considering coal reserves.Fuel,2006;85:929-935
18 Swaine D J.Trace elements in coal.London:Butterworth,1990
19刘文冬,李金娟,郭兴强,等.贵州省贫困农村氟污染现状及贡献源分析.地球与环境,2013;41(2):138-142Liu Wendong,Li Jinjuan,Guo Xingqiang,et al.Analysis of fluoride pollution situation and source in poor rural areas of Guizhou province.Earth and Environment,2013;41(2):138-142
20黄仁建,陈新,李凤华,等.湖南中部燃煤型氟中毒病区的氟化物来源研究.环境与健康杂志,2007;24(12):966-969Huang Renjian,Chen Xin,Li Fenghua,et al.Investigation of fluor ide source in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Hunan Province.Journal of Environment and Health,2007;24(12):966-969
21张宇宏,傅丛,白向飞.中国煤中氟的分布特征及分级研究.煤质技术,2008;(3-4):57-60Zhang Yuhong,Fu Cong,Bai Xiangfei.The distrjbution character of fluorine in chinese coals and classificate research.Coal Quality Technology,2008;(3-4):57-60
22陈成广,李萍,吴代赦,等.蜂窝煤燃烧氟污染的控制.环境工程学报,2009;3(1):131-136Chen Chengguang,Li Ping,Wu Daishe,et al.Fluoride pollution control of honeycomb briquette combustion.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009;3(1):131-136
23李珊,李洋,梁汉东,等.北京城郊燃煤汞排放及其对当地空气环境的影响.环境科学研究,2014;27(12):1420-1425Li Shan,Li Yang,Liang Handong,et al.Atmospheric mercury emissions from domestic coal and impacts on local environment of suburban Beijing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2014;27(12):1420-1425
24吕海亮,陈皓侃.流化床热解过程中煤中氟的挥发性研究.燃料化学学报,2002;30(6):505-508Lu Hailiang,Chen Haokan.Volatility of fluorine in coal during fluidized-bed pyrolysis.Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2002;30(6):505-508
25齐庆杰,吴宪,刘建忠,等.煤燃烧氟析出特性与影响因素试验(Ⅰ).辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005;24(4):465-468Qi Qingjie,Wu Xian,Liu Jianzhong,et al.Experimental on fluorine emission characteristics and influence factors during coal combustion(Ⅰ).Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2005;24(4):465-468
26郭欣,郑楚光,刘迎晖,等.煤中汞,砷,硒赋存形态的研究.工程热物理学报,2001;22(6):763-766Guo Xin,Zheng Chuguang,Liu Yinghui,et al.The study on mode of occurrence of mercury,arsenic and selenium in coal.Journal of Bngineering Thermophysics,2001;22(6):763-766
27刘建忠,齐庆杰,周俊虎,等.煤中氟化物在燃烧产物中的分布特征.环境科学,2003;23(4):127-130Liu Jianzhong,Qi Qingjie,Zhou Junhu,et al.Distribution of fluoride in the combustion products of coal.Environmental Science,2003;23(4):127-130
28虞江萍,冯福建,王五一,等.燃煤氟中毒地区民用高氟煤的氟释放规律.环境科学,2004;25(5):43-46Yu Jiangping,Feng Fujian,Wang Wuyi,et al.Regularity of flourine release from fluorine-rich coal combustion in the fluorine poisoning area.Environmental Science,2004;25(5):43-46
29李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.贵州地方性食物性氟中毒氟源探讨.中华医学杂志,1982;62(7):425-428Li Ribang,Tan Jianan,Wang Wuyi,et al.Study on the fluorid source of local food fluorosis in Guizhou.National Medical Journal o China,1982;62(7):425-428
30雒昆利,李会杰,牛彩香,等.滇黔“燃煤污染型”氟中毒重症区粮食氟和砷污染的主要途径.地质论评,2010;56(2):289-298Luo Kunli,Li Huijie,Niu Caixiang,et al.Fluorine and arseni pollution route of grain in Yunnan-Guizhou“coal-burning”endemic fluorosis Area.Geological Review,2010;56(2):289-298
31 Li L,Luo K L,Liu Y L,et al.The pollution control of fluorine and arsenic in roasted corn in“coal-burning”fluorosis area Yunnan,China.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012;229-230:57-65
32 Luo K L,Li L,Zhang S X.Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011;185:1340-1347
2Cengeloglu Y,Esengül K L R,Mustafa E.Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by using red mud.Purificaton Technology,2002;28:81-82
3孙玉壮.黔西煤中氟与燃煤型地方性氟中毒的地球化学研究.矿物岩石地球化学通报,2005;24(4):350-356Sun Yuzhuang.Geochemical study advance about fluorine in coal and coal-burning endemic fluorosis from western Guizhou.Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2005;24(4):350-356
4齐庆杰,刘建忠,周俊虎,等.煤中微量元素氟测定方法的研究进展.煤炭转化,2000;23(2):7-11Qi Qingjie,Liu Jianzhong,Zhou Junhu,et al.Review on determination methods of trace element fluorine in coal.Coal Conv Ersion,2000;23(2):7-11
5 Dai S F,Li W W,Tang Y G,et al.The sources,pathway and preventive measures for fluorosis in Zhijin County,Guizhou,China.Applied Geochemistry,2007;22(5):1017-1024
6 Liang H D,Liang Y C,Gardella J A J,et al.Potential release of hydrogen fluoride from domestic coal in endemic fluorosis area in Guizhou,China.Chinese Science Bulletin,2011;56(22):2301-2303
7 Liu Y L,Luo K L,Li L,et al.Fluoride and sulphur dioxide indoor pollution situation and control in coal-burning endemic area in Zhaotong,Yunnan,China.Atmospheric Environment,2013;77:725-737
8 Finkelman R B,Belkin H E,Zheng B S.Health impacts of domestic coal use in China.Proceedings National Academy of Science,USA,1999;96(7):3427-3431
9唐文伟,顾国维,赵建夫,等.燃煤电厂氟污染规律研究.重庆环境科学,1999;21(4):39-42Tang Wenwei,Gu Guowei,Zhao Jianfu,et al.Study on fluorine pollution problem of power plant burning coal.Chongqing Environmental Science,1999;21(4):39-42
10刘建忠,吴晓蓉,姚强,等.煤在链条炉内燃烧过程中氟排放规律及抑制研究.工程热物理学报,1999;20(5):642-646Liu Jianzhong,Wu Xiaorong,Yao Qiang,et al.Study on emission and retention of fluorine during coal combustion in the chain-grate furnace.Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1999;20(5):642-646
11郭英廷,侯惠敏,李娟,等.煤中砷、氟、汞、铅、镉在灰化过程中的逸散规律.中国煤田地质,1994;6(4):54-56Guo Yingting,Hou Huimin,Li Juan,et al.The law of arsenic,fluoride,mercury,lead and cadmium in the process of ashing.Coal Geology of China,1994;6(4):54-56
12雒昆利,徐立容,李日邦.中国华北地区和西北地区动力煤氟的排放量.科学通报,2002;47(11):873-877Luo Kun Li,Xu LiRong,Li Ribang.Fluoride emission from power coal in North China and Northwest China.China Science Bulletin,2002;47(11):873-877
13齐庆杰,刘建忠,曹欣玉,等.煤中氟分布与燃烧排放特性.化工学报,2002;53(6):572-577Qi Qingjie,Liu Jianzhong,Cao Xinyu,et al.Fluorine distribution characteristics in coal and behavior of fluorine during coal combustion.Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering(China),2002;53(6):572-577
14国家统计局能源司.中国能源统计年鉴2011.北京:中国统计出版社,2011National Bureau of Statistics Energy Division.China Energy Statistical Yearbook 2011.Beijing:China Statistics Press,2011
15今冬采暖工作正式开始.大兴报,2010-11-19.http://www.bjdx.gov.cn/jrdx/dxxw/gdxwtp/291694.htm The official start of the winter heating work.Daxing News,2010-11-19.http://www.bjdx.gov.cn/jrdx/dxxw/gdxwtp/291694.htm
16 Luo K L,Ren D Y,Xu L R,et al.Fluorine content and distribution pattern in Chinese coals.International Journal of Coal Geology,2004;57(2):143-149
17 Dai S F,Ren D Y.Fluorine concentration of coalsin Chinaan estimation considering coal reserves.Fuel,2006;85:929-935
18 Swaine D J.Trace elements in coal.London:Butterworth,1990
19刘文冬,李金娟,郭兴强,等.贵州省贫困农村氟污染现状及贡献源分析.地球与环境,2013;41(2):138-142Liu Wendong,Li Jinjuan,Guo Xingqiang,et al.Analysis of fluoride pollution situation and source in poor rural areas of Guizhou province.Earth and Environment,2013;41(2):138-142
20黄仁建,陈新,李凤华,等.湖南中部燃煤型氟中毒病区的氟化物来源研究.环境与健康杂志,2007;24(12):966-969Huang Renjian,Chen Xin,Li Fenghua,et al.Investigation of fluor ide source in coal-burning endemic fluorosis areas in Hunan Province.Journal of Environment and Health,2007;24(12):966-969
21张宇宏,傅丛,白向飞.中国煤中氟的分布特征及分级研究.煤质技术,2008;(3-4):57-60Zhang Yuhong,Fu Cong,Bai Xiangfei.The distrjbution character of fluorine in chinese coals and classificate research.Coal Quality Technology,2008;(3-4):57-60
22陈成广,李萍,吴代赦,等.蜂窝煤燃烧氟污染的控制.环境工程学报,2009;3(1):131-136Chen Chengguang,Li Ping,Wu Daishe,et al.Fluoride pollution control of honeycomb briquette combustion.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2009;3(1):131-136
23李珊,李洋,梁汉东,等.北京城郊燃煤汞排放及其对当地空气环境的影响.环境科学研究,2014;27(12):1420-1425Li Shan,Li Yang,Liang Handong,et al.Atmospheric mercury emissions from domestic coal and impacts on local environment of suburban Beijing.Research of Environmental Sciences,2014;27(12):1420-1425
24吕海亮,陈皓侃.流化床热解过程中煤中氟的挥发性研究.燃料化学学报,2002;30(6):505-508Lu Hailiang,Chen Haokan.Volatility of fluorine in coal during fluidized-bed pyrolysis.Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2002;30(6):505-508
25齐庆杰,吴宪,刘建忠,等.煤燃烧氟析出特性与影响因素试验(Ⅰ).辽宁工程技术大学学报,2005;24(4):465-468Qi Qingjie,Wu Xian,Liu Jianzhong,et al.Experimental on fluorine emission characteristics and influence factors during coal combustion(Ⅰ).Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2005;24(4):465-468
26郭欣,郑楚光,刘迎晖,等.煤中汞,砷,硒赋存形态的研究.工程热物理学报,2001;22(6):763-766Guo Xin,Zheng Chuguang,Liu Yinghui,et al.The study on mode of occurrence of mercury,arsenic and selenium in coal.Journal of Bngineering Thermophysics,2001;22(6):763-766
27刘建忠,齐庆杰,周俊虎,等.煤中氟化物在燃烧产物中的分布特征.环境科学,2003;23(4):127-130Liu Jianzhong,Qi Qingjie,Zhou Junhu,et al.Distribution of fluoride in the combustion products of coal.Environmental Science,2003;23(4):127-130
28虞江萍,冯福建,王五一,等.燃煤氟中毒地区民用高氟煤的氟释放规律.环境科学,2004;25(5):43-46Yu Jiangping,Feng Fujian,Wang Wuyi,et al.Regularity of flourine release from fluorine-rich coal combustion in the fluorine poisoning area.Environmental Science,2004;25(5):43-46
29李日邦,谭见安,王五一,等.贵州地方性食物性氟中毒氟源探讨.中华医学杂志,1982;62(7):425-428Li Ribang,Tan Jianan,Wang Wuyi,et al.Study on the fluorid source of local food fluorosis in Guizhou.National Medical Journal o China,1982;62(7):425-428
30雒昆利,李会杰,牛彩香,等.滇黔“燃煤污染型”氟中毒重症区粮食氟和砷污染的主要途径.地质论评,2010;56(2):289-298Luo Kunli,Li Huijie,Niu Caixiang,et al.Fluorine and arseni pollution route of grain in Yunnan-Guizhou“coal-burning”endemic fluorosis Area.Geological Review,2010;56(2):289-298
31 Li L,Luo K L,Liu Y L,et al.The pollution control of fluorine and arsenic in roasted corn in“coal-burning”fluorosis area Yunnan,China.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012;229-230:57-65
32 Luo K L,Li L,Zhang S X.Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011;185:1340-1347