轻度苏打盐碱地水稻高效节水灌溉模式及制度与高效洗碱-超高产组合试验研究
|
摘要
在松嫩古河道盐碱地综合开发万亩试验区,首次对高效节水-高效洗碱-超高产组合技术开展试验研究并取得成功:粳稻亩产774. 05 kg;降盐率42. 5%;构建了"浅-中-深-湿"节水灌溉模式,据以构建的灌溉制度,具有高效节水功能.亩定额493. 59 m3,较吉林省推荐节水定额节水18%,较通行灌溉制度节水46%.证明水平流种稻洗碱技术体系先进,可以高效降低盐碱和实现超高产.延续一个世纪的"苏打盐碱地最难改良"的传统定论不再成立.若在松嫩盐碱地全面推广,将使水稻增产30%;节水量可达21. 60亿m3,可满足新增15万hm2水稻用水量,或灌溉40万hm2碱性草原,从而破解碱性草原生态恢复缺水的难题.成果具有强化松嫩粮食基地建设,提升国家粮食安全,推动草原恢复以及优化平原生态环境的重大综合效益.古河道盐碱地开发试验也证明工程地理学创建的必要性.
It was the first time in China and World to mad combination experiment-study on high efficient Irrigation model-system with high efficient of washing soda and super high yield of rice in Mild Soda SalineAlkali Soil in Daan Ancient River Way. The Wanmu Experiment Station of Songnen Plain,and the experiment took success. The rice yield was 774. 05 kg/666. 7 m2 achieving the super high yield; the falling rate efficiency of soda-saline was 42. 5%. The irrigation model "Shallow-Middle-Deep-Wet " was constructed in this experiment,the quota is 493. 59 m3,saving water is 18% —46% to contrast with the common using in the Songnen Plain. Because the technology"Growing Rice-Washing Soda by Horizontal Flow"is a high efficiency,and the final conclusion,the soda saline-alkali soil is best difficult to improve,is not yet rounded. Meanwhile,the experiment has high simulation,and the irrigation quota of the paper based on the guarantee rate,therefore,the result has high reliability. If the result using the all of Songnen Plain,the rise will add 30%,or adding the rice area 15 × 104 hm2,or irrigating grassland 40 × 104 hm2 solving the question of ecology reconstruction. The result will be a important rule for enlarge Songnen Plain food base,to promote security of the food and ecoenvironment of China. The experiment proved that the found of Engineering Geography is neccessary.
It was the first time in China and World to mad combination experiment-study on high efficient Irrigation model-system with high efficient of washing soda and super high yield of rice in Mild Soda SalineAlkali Soil in Daan Ancient River Way. The Wanmu Experiment Station of Songnen Plain,and the experiment took success. The rice yield was 774. 05 kg/666. 7 m2 achieving the super high yield; the falling rate efficiency of soda-saline was 42. 5%. The irrigation model "Shallow-Middle-Deep-Wet " was constructed in this experiment,the quota is 493. 59 m3,saving water is 18% —46% to contrast with the common using in the Songnen Plain. Because the technology"Growing Rice-Washing Soda by Horizontal Flow"is a high efficiency,and the final conclusion,the soda saline-alkali soil is best difficult to improve,is not yet rounded. Meanwhile,the experiment has high simulation,and the irrigation quota of the paper based on the guarantee rate,therefore,the result has high reliability. If the result using the all of Songnen Plain,the rise will add 30%,or adding the rice area 15 × 104 hm2,or irrigating grassland 40 × 104 hm2 solving the question of ecology reconstruction. The result will be a important rule for enlarge Songnen Plain food base,to promote security of the food and ecoenvironment of China. The experiment proved that the found of Engineering Geography is neccessary.
引文
[1]孙广友.地理系统探微[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2008.
[2]陈恩凤,王汝镛,胡思敏,等.吉林省前郭旗灌区苏打盐渍土的改良[J].土壤学报,1962,10(2):201-214.
[3]王春裕.中国东北盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[4]孙广友,华仁葵,邓伟,等.嫩江右岸大安古河道的发现及其意义[A].中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会.地貌学术讨论会文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[5]孙广友.策论———吉林省西部地理环境再认识与新农业经济[J].经济广角,2003(8):33-34.
[6]张俊国,张三元.优质超级稻品种吉粳88高产栽培技术的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2006,31(2):3-7.
[7]大安古河道综合开发万亩试验课题组.大安古河道盐碱地开发万亩试验研究[A].孙广友.松嫩平原古河道农业研究[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[8]大安古河道综合开发研究课题组.大安古河道综合开发初步可行性研究[A].孙广友.松嫩平原古河道农业工程研究[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[9]罗新正,孙广友.松嫩平原含碱斑的重度盐化草甸土种稻脱盐过程研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(1):833-841.
[10]孙广友.东北西部建设水稻基地带动区域综合开发的建议[A].孙广友.地理系统探微[M].吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[11]孙广友,田卫,贾治国,等.松嫩盐碱地大规模开发的前期研究与风险控制[J].湖泊科学,2016,38(3):407-413.
[12]李和跃,孙广友.关于东北地区嫩江平原开发、治理和保护的建议[J].水利规划与设计,2007,20(4):18-22.
[13]张红旗,王立新,孙广友.松嫩低平原盐碱地资源评价及开发潜力研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(2):6-11.
[14]赵兰坡,冯君,王宇,等.松嫩平原盐碱地种稻开发的与技术问题[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):237-241.
[15]李秀军,孙长占,王志春,等.盐碱地水稻育钵大苗抗逆栽培技术:中国,CN1299584[P]. 1999-12-15.
[16]罗金明,邓伟,张小平.松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱土稻田的渗透性研究[J].干旱区农业研究,2008,26(5):134-138.
[17]杨福,梁正伟,王志春.水稻新品种东稻4号的选育与栽培技术要点[J].作物杂志,2011,27(2):111-111.
[18]孙广友,李红艳.弱碱粳米的定义及指标研究———以大安古河道试验区“古河妈妈”粳米为例[J].吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(1):119-121.
[19]柯文.利用古河道资源建设东北第四大水稻基地[N].科学时报,2007. 12. 14.
[20]潘锋,孙逊.为盐碱地变为国家粮食基地提供强力支撑———记松嫩古河道种稻治碱试验研究20年[N].中国科学报,2012-1-1[B12].
[21]范震.苏打盐碱土种稻节水高产性灌溉制度初探[J].东北水利水电,1988,6(6):31-34.
[22]曹丽萍.苏达盐渍土种稻“浅晒浅湿”型节水灌溉栽培技术[J].中国稻米,2005(3):31-33.
[23]李立平,肖礼君,张希友,等.水稻节水灌溉模式探索[J].垦殖与稻作,2008,38(1):42-43.
[24]陶明华,吕秀艳,王波.水稻灌溉制度试验研究[J].东北水利水电,2008,26(1):62-63.
[25]王德斌,吴春胜,李秀军,等.低洼易涝盐碱地井灌水稻节水灌溉技术[A].裘善文.松辽平原低洼易涝盐碱地综合治理与农业发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[26]陈刚起,吕宪国,杨青,等.三江平原沼泽蒸发研究[A].陈刚起.三江平原沼泽研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[27]徐士琦. 1951-2015年吉林省蒸发量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(3):71-77.
[28]贾志军,姬兴杰.三江寒地稻田蒸散量估算研究[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(4):380-386.
[29]孙广友.地理学研究方法的探索:理论-工程贯通式研究[A].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会.自然地理学与生态建设[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[2]陈恩凤,王汝镛,胡思敏,等.吉林省前郭旗灌区苏打盐渍土的改良[J].土壤学报,1962,10(2):201-214.
[3]王春裕.中国东北盐渍土[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[4]孙广友,华仁葵,邓伟,等.嫩江右岸大安古河道的发现及其意义[A].中国地理学会地貌与第四纪专业委员会.地貌学术讨论会文集[C].北京:地震出版社,1993.
[5]孙广友.策论———吉林省西部地理环境再认识与新农业经济[J].经济广角,2003(8):33-34.
[6]张俊国,张三元.优质超级稻品种吉粳88高产栽培技术的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2006,31(2):3-7.
[7]大安古河道综合开发万亩试验课题组.大安古河道盐碱地开发万亩试验研究[A].孙广友.松嫩平原古河道农业研究[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[8]大安古河道综合开发研究课题组.大安古河道综合开发初步可行性研究[A].孙广友.松嫩平原古河道农业工程研究[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[9]罗新正,孙广友.松嫩平原含碱斑的重度盐化草甸土种稻脱盐过程研究[J].生态环境,2004,13(1):833-841.
[10]孙广友.东北西部建设水稻基地带动区域综合开发的建议[A].孙广友.地理系统探微[M].吉林科学技术出版社,2007.
[11]孙广友,田卫,贾治国,等.松嫩盐碱地大规模开发的前期研究与风险控制[J].湖泊科学,2016,38(3):407-413.
[12]李和跃,孙广友.关于东北地区嫩江平原开发、治理和保护的建议[J].水利规划与设计,2007,20(4):18-22.
[13]张红旗,王立新,孙广友.松嫩低平原盐碱地资源评价及开发潜力研究[J].中国农业资源与区划,2013,34(2):6-11.
[14]赵兰坡,冯君,王宇,等.松嫩平原盐碱地种稻开发的与技术问题[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):237-241.
[15]李秀军,孙长占,王志春,等.盐碱地水稻育钵大苗抗逆栽培技术:中国,CN1299584[P]. 1999-12-15.
[16]罗金明,邓伟,张小平.松嫩平原西部苏打盐碱土稻田的渗透性研究[J].干旱区农业研究,2008,26(5):134-138.
[17]杨福,梁正伟,王志春.水稻新品种东稻4号的选育与栽培技术要点[J].作物杂志,2011,27(2):111-111.
[18]孙广友,李红艳.弱碱粳米的定义及指标研究———以大安古河道试验区“古河妈妈”粳米为例[J].吉林师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(1):119-121.
[19]柯文.利用古河道资源建设东北第四大水稻基地[N].科学时报,2007. 12. 14.
[20]潘锋,孙逊.为盐碱地变为国家粮食基地提供强力支撑———记松嫩古河道种稻治碱试验研究20年[N].中国科学报,2012-1-1[B12].
[21]范震.苏打盐碱土种稻节水高产性灌溉制度初探[J].东北水利水电,1988,6(6):31-34.
[22]曹丽萍.苏达盐渍土种稻“浅晒浅湿”型节水灌溉栽培技术[J].中国稻米,2005(3):31-33.
[23]李立平,肖礼君,张希友,等.水稻节水灌溉模式探索[J].垦殖与稻作,2008,38(1):42-43.
[24]陶明华,吕秀艳,王波.水稻灌溉制度试验研究[J].东北水利水电,2008,26(1):62-63.
[25]王德斌,吴春胜,李秀军,等.低洼易涝盐碱地井灌水稻节水灌溉技术[A].裘善文.松辽平原低洼易涝盐碱地综合治理与农业发展[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[26]陈刚起,吕宪国,杨青,等.三江平原沼泽蒸发研究[A].陈刚起.三江平原沼泽研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1996.
[27]徐士琦. 1951-2015年吉林省蒸发量变化特征[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(3):71-77.
[28]贾志军,姬兴杰.三江寒地稻田蒸散量估算研究[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(4):380-386.
[29]孙广友.地理学研究方法的探索:理论-工程贯通式研究[A].中国地理学会自然地理专业委员会.自然地理学与生态建设[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.