岩屑测量方法在干旱荒漠区的找矿效果——以贺兰山北段嘎拉斯台白钨矿的发现为例
|
摘要
贺兰山北段地区构造活运强裂,中酸性侵入岩发育,化探异常普遍存在,找矿标志信息丰富,是金、钨等矿产的富集区。该区属干旱低山丘陵荒漠地球化学景观区,前人在该区完成的1∶20万水系沉积物测量工作受采样介质、样品粒级、测试设备、分析方法等条件限制,获得的有用找矿信息不强。本次化探工作采用不规则网1∶5万岩屑测量、-4～+20目采样粒级及采样层位为C层的工作技术方法,共圈定30个综合异常,呈NE向带状分布。通过异常查证,新发现各类矿点、矿化点14处,圈定出3个找矿远景区,优选出9个找矿靶区,取得了较好的找矿成果。此外,本次工作首次在太古宇贺兰山岩群第二岩组硅化浅粒岩中发现了层控型白钨矿,其形成环境与国内已知的白钨矿矿床的形成环境完全不同,矿体产于太古宙中深变质岩系中,呈层状、似层状。此类矿床鲜有报道,因此,该钨矿的发现,对在前寒武纪中深变质岩中寻找层控型白钨矿具深远意义,也为该区在白钨矿找矿上提供了参考。
In the northern part of Helan Mountain,the structure is active and strong,the mid-acid intrusive rock is well developed,and the metallogenic exploration is favorable. The mineral prospecting indicators have rich information,suggesting a good gold and tungsten prospecting area. This area is characterized by arid low mountain and hilly desert geochemical landscape. The 1 ∶ 200,000 river sediment measurement work completed by the previous workers in this area is limited by unfavorable conditions such as sampling media,sample grain level,test equipment,and analysis methods,making the useful prospecting information weak. In this study,the chemical exploration work used an irregular network of 1 ∶ 50,000 rock debris measurement,-4 to +20 sampling grain meshes,and a C-layer working technical method in sampling layer,which led to the delineation of 30 comprehensive anomalies. There are 9 anomalies of Au,W,As,and Sn in the distribution area of the metamorphic rock in the second rock group in Yanqun area of Helan Mountain.Through anomaly verification,14 new ore spots and mineralization spots were discovered,and 3 of them were identified.,In addition,9 mineral target areas were selected through optimization. Thus,good ore prospecting results were obtained. For the first time,laminated scheelite was found in the silicified shallower part of the second group of Helan Mountain Rock Group. The significance of this discovery lies not only in the discovery of ore spots in the investigation area but also in the study of formation environment of known stratabound scheelite ore deposits in China. The orebodies were produced in the meso-deep horizons of metamorphic rocks and are characterized by stratiform or stratoid forms,which is very rare in the world.
In the northern part of Helan Mountain,the structure is active and strong,the mid-acid intrusive rock is well developed,and the metallogenic exploration is favorable. The mineral prospecting indicators have rich information,suggesting a good gold and tungsten prospecting area. This area is characterized by arid low mountain and hilly desert geochemical landscape. The 1 ∶ 200,000 river sediment measurement work completed by the previous workers in this area is limited by unfavorable conditions such as sampling media,sample grain level,test equipment,and analysis methods,making the useful prospecting information weak. In this study,the chemical exploration work used an irregular network of 1 ∶ 50,000 rock debris measurement,-4 to +20 sampling grain meshes,and a C-layer working technical method in sampling layer,which led to the delineation of 30 comprehensive anomalies. There are 9 anomalies of Au,W,As,and Sn in the distribution area of the metamorphic rock in the second rock group in Yanqun area of Helan Mountain.Through anomaly verification,14 new ore spots and mineralization spots were discovered,and 3 of them were identified.,In addition,9 mineral target areas were selected through optimization. Thus,good ore prospecting results were obtained. For the first time,laminated scheelite was found in the silicified shallower part of the second group of Helan Mountain Rock Group. The significance of this discovery lies not only in the discovery of ore spots in the investigation area but also in the study of formation environment of known stratabound scheelite ore deposits in China. The orebodies were produced in the meso-deep horizons of metamorphic rocks and are characterized by stratiform or stratoid forms,which is very rare in the world.
引文
[1]胡能高.贺兰山变质杂岩的组成及演化[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1994.Hu N G. Composition and evolution of metamorphic miscellaneous rocks in Helan Mountain[M].Xi'an:Xi'an Map Publishing House,1994.
[2]任天祥,赵云,张华,等.内蒙干旱荒漠区域化探工作方法初步研究[J].物探与化探,1984,8(5):282-296.Ren T X,Zhao Y,Zhang H,et al. A prelimiary study on the utilization of regional geochemical prospecting method in the arid and desert area of Inner Mongolia[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1984,8(5):282-296.
[3]张年生,周斌,刘广武,等.1∶5万岩屑地球化学普查工作方法及应用效果——以新疆东天山康古尔地区为例[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(6):640-642.Zhang N S,Zhou B,Liu G W. Method and application effect of geochemical explortion of the 1∶50,000 scale[J]. Mineral Resources and Geology,2005,19(6):640-642.
[4]侯万荣,聂凤军,徐斌,等.内蒙古中西部钼多金属矿床地质特征及其动力学背景[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(5):751-764.Hou W R,Nie F J,Xu B. Geological features and geodynamic background of the molybdenum polymetallic deposits in centalwestern Inner Mongolia[J]. Geology and Exploration,2010,46(5):751-764.
[5]沈保丰.中国前寒武纪成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Shen B F. Precambrian mineralization in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[6]李伍平.贺兰山群早元古代花岗岩的地质特征和岩石谱系单位划分[J].西安工程学院学报,1994,16(3):46-53.Li W P. Geologic features and lithodimic unit system for granites in the Helanshan group early proterozoic[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,1994,16(3):46-53.
[7]王廷瑞,欧阳建平,蒋敬业.内蒙古东部半干旱草原残丘景观区敖格道仁诺尔铜多金属矿(化)区表生地球化学常特征[J].西北地质,2000,33(3):8-12.Wang T R,Ou-Yang J P,Jiang J Y. Epigenetic geochemical characteristics of the Rennuoer copper polymetallic ore deposit in the semi-arid steppe of the eastern part of Inner Mongolia[J]. Northwestern Geology,2000,33(3):8-12.
[8]兰强,赵元淏,冷福荣.内蒙古地质地球化学分区及地球化学成矿预测[J].物探与化探,2012,36(1):39-44.Lan Q,Zhao Y H,Leng F R.Geological-geochemical division and geochemical metallogenic prognosis in Inner Mongolia[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(1):39-44.
[9]宋新华,李红宇,郭合伟,等.贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿区围岩的原岩恢复、时代及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2010,26(5):1625-1632.Song X R,Li H Y,Guo H W,et al. Original rocks,ages,and its significance for the wall rock of Niutougou gold deposit in northern Helan Mountains[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2010,26(5):1625-1632.
[10]耿元生,周喜文,王新社,等.内蒙古贺兰山地区古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆事件及其地质意义:同位素年代学的证据[J].岩石学报,2009,25(8):1830-1842.Geng Y S,Zhou X W,Wang X S,et al. Late-paleoproterozoic granite events and their geological significance in Helanshan area,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from geochronology[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(8):1830-1842.
[11]黄喜峰.贺兰山显生宙构造格局与区域矿产分布规律[D].西安:长安大学,2009.Huang X F. The tectonic pattern and the distribution of regional minerals of the Phanerozoic in Helan Mountain[D]. Xi'an:Changan University,2009.
[12]谭俊.宁夏贺兰山北段金成矿类型及构造控矿规律[J].黄金,2013,34(12):9-14.Tan J.Mineralization type and structural ore-controlling regularities of gold deposits in northern part of Helan Mountain[J]. Gold,2013,34(12):9-14.
[13]李兆麟.对华南钨矿床研究的几点建议[J].地质与勘探,1981(7):49.Li Z L.Suggestions on the study of tungsten deposits in South China[J].Geology and Exploration,1981(7):49.
[14]任育智,孙继省,吴保全.青海省互助县白山坡钨矿地质特征及找矿前景[J].地质与勘探,2008,44(2):23-28.Ren Y Z,Sun J S,Wu B Q.Geological characteristics and prospects of Baishanpo tungsten in Huzhu country,Qinghai Province[J].Geology and Exploration,2008,44(2):23-28.
[15]杨振德.阿拉善断块及邻区地质构造特征与矿产[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Yang Z D. Geological structure characteristics and mineral resources of Alashan fault block and its adjacent area[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[16]李红宇,宋新华,郭合伟,等.宁夏贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿地质地球化学特征和矿床成因探讨[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(6):1036-1044.Li H Y,Song X H,Guo H W,et al. Geological and geochemical features and ore genesis of the Niutougou gold deposit in the northern Helan Shan Mountains,Ningxia[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,46(6):1036-1044.
[17]黄喜峰,钱壮志,吴文奎,等.贺兰山小松山基性—超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(4):351-356.Huang X F,Qian Z Z,Wu W K,et al. Lithogochemical characteristics of basic-ultrabasic intrusion,Xiaosongshan,Helanshan[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(4):351-356.
[18]范宏瑞,胡芳芳,杨奎锋,等.内蒙古白云鄂博地区晚古生代闪长质花岗质岩石年代学框架及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2009,24(11):2933-2938.Fang H R,Hu F F,Yang K F,et al. Geochronology framework of late Paleozoic dioritic-granitic plutons in the Bayan Obo area,Inner Mongolia,and tectonic significance[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,24(11):2933-2938.
[19]丰成友,赵一鸣,李大新.内蒙古自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Feng C Y,Zhao Y M,Li D X.Regional geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991.
[20]宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局.宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局宁夏回族自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.Geological bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990.
[2]任天祥,赵云,张华,等.内蒙干旱荒漠区域化探工作方法初步研究[J].物探与化探,1984,8(5):282-296.Ren T X,Zhao Y,Zhang H,et al. A prelimiary study on the utilization of regional geochemical prospecting method in the arid and desert area of Inner Mongolia[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,1984,8(5):282-296.
[3]张年生,周斌,刘广武,等.1∶5万岩屑地球化学普查工作方法及应用效果——以新疆东天山康古尔地区为例[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(6):640-642.Zhang N S,Zhou B,Liu G W. Method and application effect of geochemical explortion of the 1∶50,000 scale[J]. Mineral Resources and Geology,2005,19(6):640-642.
[4]侯万荣,聂凤军,徐斌,等.内蒙古中西部钼多金属矿床地质特征及其动力学背景[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(5):751-764.Hou W R,Nie F J,Xu B. Geological features and geodynamic background of the molybdenum polymetallic deposits in centalwestern Inner Mongolia[J]. Geology and Exploration,2010,46(5):751-764.
[5]沈保丰.中国前寒武纪成矿作用[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.Shen B F. Precambrian mineralization in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006.
[6]李伍平.贺兰山群早元古代花岗岩的地质特征和岩石谱系单位划分[J].西安工程学院学报,1994,16(3):46-53.Li W P. Geologic features and lithodimic unit system for granites in the Helanshan group early proterozoic[J].Journal of Xi'an College of Geology,1994,16(3):46-53.
[7]王廷瑞,欧阳建平,蒋敬业.内蒙古东部半干旱草原残丘景观区敖格道仁诺尔铜多金属矿(化)区表生地球化学常特征[J].西北地质,2000,33(3):8-12.Wang T R,Ou-Yang J P,Jiang J Y. Epigenetic geochemical characteristics of the Rennuoer copper polymetallic ore deposit in the semi-arid steppe of the eastern part of Inner Mongolia[J]. Northwestern Geology,2000,33(3):8-12.
[8]兰强,赵元淏,冷福荣.内蒙古地质地球化学分区及地球化学成矿预测[J].物探与化探,2012,36(1):39-44.Lan Q,Zhao Y H,Leng F R.Geological-geochemical division and geochemical metallogenic prognosis in Inner Mongolia[J]. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2012,36(1):39-44.
[9]宋新华,李红宇,郭合伟,等.贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿区围岩的原岩恢复、时代及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2010,26(5):1625-1632.Song X R,Li H Y,Guo H W,et al. Original rocks,ages,and its significance for the wall rock of Niutougou gold deposit in northern Helan Mountains[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2010,26(5):1625-1632.
[10]耿元生,周喜文,王新社,等.内蒙古贺兰山地区古元古代晚期的花岗岩浆事件及其地质意义:同位素年代学的证据[J].岩石学报,2009,25(8):1830-1842.Geng Y S,Zhou X W,Wang X S,et al. Late-paleoproterozoic granite events and their geological significance in Helanshan area,Inner Mongolia:Evidence from geochronology[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,25(8):1830-1842.
[11]黄喜峰.贺兰山显生宙构造格局与区域矿产分布规律[D].西安:长安大学,2009.Huang X F. The tectonic pattern and the distribution of regional minerals of the Phanerozoic in Helan Mountain[D]. Xi'an:Changan University,2009.
[12]谭俊.宁夏贺兰山北段金成矿类型及构造控矿规律[J].黄金,2013,34(12):9-14.Tan J.Mineralization type and structural ore-controlling regularities of gold deposits in northern part of Helan Mountain[J]. Gold,2013,34(12):9-14.
[13]李兆麟.对华南钨矿床研究的几点建议[J].地质与勘探,1981(7):49.Li Z L.Suggestions on the study of tungsten deposits in South China[J].Geology and Exploration,1981(7):49.
[14]任育智,孙继省,吴保全.青海省互助县白山坡钨矿地质特征及找矿前景[J].地质与勘探,2008,44(2):23-28.Ren Y Z,Sun J S,Wu B Q.Geological characteristics and prospects of Baishanpo tungsten in Huzhu country,Qinghai Province[J].Geology and Exploration,2008,44(2):23-28.
[15]杨振德.阿拉善断块及邻区地质构造特征与矿产[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.Yang Z D. Geological structure characteristics and mineral resources of Alashan fault block and its adjacent area[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1988.
[16]李红宇,宋新华,郭合伟,等.宁夏贺兰山北段牛头沟金矿地质地球化学特征和矿床成因探讨[J].地质与勘探,2010,46(6):1036-1044.Li H Y,Song X H,Guo H W,et al. Geological and geochemical features and ore genesis of the Niutougou gold deposit in the northern Helan Shan Mountains,Ningxia[J].Geology and Exploration,2010,46(6):1036-1044.
[17]黄喜峰,钱壮志,吴文奎,等.贺兰山小松山基性—超基性杂岩体岩石地球化学特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2008,30(4):351-356.Huang X F,Qian Z Z,Wu W K,et al. Lithogochemical characteristics of basic-ultrabasic intrusion,Xiaosongshan,Helanshan[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2008,30(4):351-356.
[18]范宏瑞,胡芳芳,杨奎锋,等.内蒙古白云鄂博地区晚古生代闪长质花岗质岩石年代学框架及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2009,24(11):2933-2938.Fang H R,Hu F F,Yang K F,et al. Geochronology framework of late Paleozoic dioritic-granitic plutons in the Bayan Obo area,Inner Mongolia,and tectonic significance[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2009,24(11):2933-2938.
[19]丰成友,赵一鸣,李大新.内蒙古自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991.Feng C Y,Zhao Y M,Li D X.Regional geology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous region[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991.
[20]宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局.宁夏回族自治区地质矿产局宁夏回族自治区区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990.Geological bureau of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990.