欧洲生态学校:理论、政策与实践创新
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摘要
由于全球变暖与破坏环境类犯罪问题的凸显,开展生态文明教育工作显得迫在眉睫。欧洲生态学校是生态教育的典型代表,其理论背景、政策与机制设置、教学实践创新等值得深入解读。在回顾相关文献的基础上,对欧洲生态学校总部的工作人员进行了访谈,并以电子邮件方式对2800名生态学校师生进行问卷调查,结合访谈与调查问卷结果,梳理了欧洲生态学校紧密围绕学生的教学政策、"三位一体"的机制、丰富多彩的实践形式。通过对欧洲生态学校的解读,以期加强国内学界对国际前沿生态教育理念与实践的认知。
Because of the global warming and the environmental crimes, it is urgent to carry out ecological education. European Eco-School is a typical representative of ecological education. Its theories, policies, mechanism and teaching practice are worth further explanation. Based on reviewing some relevant research literature and the interview of European ecological school headquarters staffs, a questionnaire survey conducted on 2800 teachers and students by e-mail, combined with interviews and recycling questionnaire results, the author summarizes the policies of ecological school, the mechanism of the trinity, and the rich and colorful teaching practice forms.Through the study of European Eco-Schools, the author hopes to enhance the domestic academic community's understanding of the international leading ecological education concepts and practices.
Because of the global warming and the environmental crimes, it is urgent to carry out ecological education. European Eco-School is a typical representative of ecological education. Its theories, policies, mechanism and teaching practice are worth further explanation. Based on reviewing some relevant research literature and the interview of European ecological school headquarters staffs, a questionnaire survey conducted on 2800 teachers and students by e-mail, combined with interviews and recycling questionnaire results, the author summarizes the policies of ecological school, the mechanism of the trinity, and the rich and colorful teaching practice forms.Through the study of European Eco-Schools, the author hopes to enhance the domestic academic community's understanding of the international leading ecological education concepts and practices.
引文
[1]Katherine V. Kortenkamp,Colleen F Moore.Ecocentrismand Anthropocentrism:Moral Reasoning about Ecological Commons Dilemmas[J],Journal of Environmental Psycholog y,2001,21(3):261-262.
[2]Ecoschools.Engaging the Youth of Today to Protect the Planet of Tomorrow[EB/OL].(2017-09-23)[2019-02-21].http://www.ecoschools.global/.
[3][4]Kirk Meyer.Green Schoolyards as an Element of Reform[J].Education Week,2010, 30(2):18,19.
[5]Minister Ross Finnie.Scotland's 100th Eco School[EB/OL].(2004-11-05)[2019-02-20].https://www2.gov.scot/News/Releases/2004/11/05121337.
[6]Du?anKrnel,StankaNagli?.EnvironmentalLiteracy Comparison Between Eco-Schools and Ordinary Schools in Slovenia[J].Science Education International,2009(20):5.
[7]Graaf Ali Van Der.ECO-Schools:Trends and Divergences.A Comparative Study on ECO-School Development Processesin13countries[J].AustralianJournalof Environmental Education,2006(22):123.
[8]Carolyn Bates, Amy Bohnert, Dana Gerstein.Green Schoolyards in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods:NaturalSpaces for Positive YouthDevelopmentOutcom[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2018(9):1.
[9]Mary MooreEmail,PaulO’Leary.Extending Communities of Practice:a Partnership Model for Sustainable Schools[J].Environment, Development and Sustainability,2018(2):1.
[10]Victoria Derr.Through a University Environmental Design Program and Middle School Partnership[J].Applied Environmental Education and Communication,2017(16):129.
[11]Walter Leal Filho.Sustainable Development Research at Universities in the United Kingdom[M].Cham:Springer International Publishing,2016:45-46.
[12] Victoria Thoresen,DeclanDoyle,JorgenKlein,RobertDidh am.Responsible Living[M]. Cham:Springer International Publishing,2016:135-136.
[13]PERPIGNANC,ROBINV,GIRARDP.Versuneéducation intégrée du développement durable dans l’enseignement technologique dès le secondaire[C]. Prague:Confer23ème Colloque des sciences de la conception et de l’innovatione, 2016.
[14]HelderSpinola.Environmental Literacy Comparison Between Students Taught in Eco-Schools and Ordinary Schools in the Madeira Island Region of Portugal[J].Science Education International,2015(26):392.
[15]JanCinceraaJanKrajhanzl.Eco-Schools:What Factors Influence Pupils'Action Competence for ProEnvironmentalBehaviour?[J].JournalofCleaner Production, 2013(61):117.
[16]Eco-Schools.2017Stats and Figures[EB/OL].(2017-12-30)[2019-02-21]. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/552b cd30e4b02ed06b97c76d/t/5a339a2953450a1651974eb1/1513331244104/2017+global+infographic.png.
[17]The Goals.org.For the first Sustainable Generation,Learning as Usual is Not an Option[EB/OL].(2014-12-30)[2019-02-25]. http://www.thegoals.org/.
[18]Toyota-Europe.Great Plant Hunt[EB/OL].(2015-11-30)[2018-12-30].https://www.toyota-europe.com/world-oftoyota/feel/environment/better-living/raising-awareness.
[19]TheWrigleyCompanyFoundation.OurInvolvement with the Little Less Program[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2019-02-21].https://www.mars.com/global/sustainablein-a-generation/healthy-planet/planet.
[20]British Council.Enabling Schools in More Than 40 European Countries to Collaborate Online[EB/OL].(2018-12-30)[2019-02-25].https://www.britishcouncil.org/etwinning.
[21]Keep Britain Tidy.Eco-Schools Strategy Forum 2014 What We learned-A Summary Report[EB/OL].(2014-06-30)[2019-02-01].http://en.unesco.org/esd-repo/557/.
[22]James Clark,Gayle Webb White.Experiential Learning:A Definitive Edge In The Job Market[J].American Journal of Business Education,2010(3):115-118.
(1)授予绿旗,欧洲生态学校的一种激励措施,详见后文介绍。
[2]Ecoschools.Engaging the Youth of Today to Protect the Planet of Tomorrow[EB/OL].(2017-09-23)[2019-02-21].http://www.ecoschools.global/.
[3][4]Kirk Meyer.Green Schoolyards as an Element of Reform[J].Education Week,2010, 30(2):18,19.
[5]Minister Ross Finnie.Scotland's 100th Eco School[EB/OL].(2004-11-05)[2019-02-20].https://www2.gov.scot/News/Releases/2004/11/05121337.
[6]Du?anKrnel,StankaNagli?.EnvironmentalLiteracy Comparison Between Eco-Schools and Ordinary Schools in Slovenia[J].Science Education International,2009(20):5.
[7]Graaf Ali Van Der.ECO-Schools:Trends and Divergences.A Comparative Study on ECO-School Development Processesin13countries[J].AustralianJournalof Environmental Education,2006(22):123.
[8]Carolyn Bates, Amy Bohnert, Dana Gerstein.Green Schoolyards in Low-Income Urban Neighborhoods:NaturalSpaces for Positive YouthDevelopmentOutcom[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2018(9):1.
[9]Mary MooreEmail,PaulO’Leary.Extending Communities of Practice:a Partnership Model for Sustainable Schools[J].Environment, Development and Sustainability,2018(2):1.
[10]Victoria Derr.Through a University Environmental Design Program and Middle School Partnership[J].Applied Environmental Education and Communication,2017(16):129.
[11]Walter Leal Filho.Sustainable Development Research at Universities in the United Kingdom[M].Cham:Springer International Publishing,2016:45-46.
[12] Victoria Thoresen,DeclanDoyle,JorgenKlein,RobertDidh am.Responsible Living[M]. Cham:Springer International Publishing,2016:135-136.
[13]PERPIGNANC,ROBINV,GIRARDP.Versuneéducation intégrée du développement durable dans l’enseignement technologique dès le secondaire[C]. Prague:Confer23ème Colloque des sciences de la conception et de l’innovatione, 2016.
[14]HelderSpinola.Environmental Literacy Comparison Between Students Taught in Eco-Schools and Ordinary Schools in the Madeira Island Region of Portugal[J].Science Education International,2015(26):392.
[15]JanCinceraaJanKrajhanzl.Eco-Schools:What Factors Influence Pupils'Action Competence for ProEnvironmentalBehaviour?[J].JournalofCleaner Production, 2013(61):117.
[16]Eco-Schools.2017Stats and Figures[EB/OL].(2017-12-30)[2019-02-21]. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/552b cd30e4b02ed06b97c76d/t/5a339a2953450a1651974eb1/1513331244104/2017+global+infographic.png.
[17]The Goals.org.For the first Sustainable Generation,Learning as Usual is Not an Option[EB/OL].(2014-12-30)[2019-02-25]. http://www.thegoals.org/.
[18]Toyota-Europe.Great Plant Hunt[EB/OL].(2015-11-30)[2018-12-30].https://www.toyota-europe.com/world-oftoyota/feel/environment/better-living/raising-awareness.
[19]TheWrigleyCompanyFoundation.OurInvolvement with the Little Less Program[EB/OL].(2018-11-30)[2019-02-21].https://www.mars.com/global/sustainablein-a-generation/healthy-planet/planet.
[20]British Council.Enabling Schools in More Than 40 European Countries to Collaborate Online[EB/OL].(2018-12-30)[2019-02-25].https://www.britishcouncil.org/etwinning.
[21]Keep Britain Tidy.Eco-Schools Strategy Forum 2014 What We learned-A Summary Report[EB/OL].(2014-06-30)[2019-02-01].http://en.unesco.org/esd-repo/557/.
[22]James Clark,Gayle Webb White.Experiential Learning:A Definitive Edge In The Job Market[J].American Journal of Business Education,2010(3):115-118.
(1)授予绿旗,欧洲生态学校的一种激励措施,详见后文介绍。