基于闪电数据的中山地区雷电特征及防护效率分析
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摘要
本文采用中山地区2005年至2008年云地闪电资料,统计分析了中山地区雷电特征及其直击雷防护效率,为该地区的雷电防护工程提供技术支撑。统计分析表明,中山地区年平均云地闪电次数为239325次;负地闪电占闪电总数的94.55%,平均负地闪电强度为42.64k A;正闪电占闪电总数的5.55%。中山市总闪平均强度为40.55k A,负地闪的平均强度为42.64k A,正地闪的平均强度38.01k A。中山地区地闪活动主要集中在4-9月(汛期),闪电次数占全年的99.4%。正、负地闪电强度主要集中在10~60k A,约占闪电总数的79.0%。中山地区建筑物直击雷保护范围按照一、二、三类防雷类别设计时,其绕击率分别为0.82%、5.62%和15.59%,即第一、第二、第三类防雷建筑物直击雷防护效率分别为99.18%、94.38%、84.41%左右。雷电流幅值大于200k A、15Ok A、100k A的概率分别是0.656%、1.289%、5.578%,因此,按照第一、第二、第三类防雷建筑物安全距离计算时,将分别会有是0.656%、1.289%、5.578%左右的反击率发生。
In this paper, the lightning data from 2005 to 2008 in Zhongshan area were used to analyze the lightning characteristics of the Zhongshan area and the lightning protection efficiency of the direct lightning protection, which provided technical support for the lightning protection project in the area. Statistical analysis shows that the average annual cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in Zhongshan is 239,325 times; negative ground lightning accounts for 94.55% of the total lightning, and the average negative ground lightning intensity is42.64 k A; positive lightning accounts for 5.55% of the total lightning. The average lightning intensity of Zhongshan City is 40.55 k A, the average intensity of negative ground lightning is 42.64 k A, and the average intensity of positive ground lightning is 38.01 k A. The ground lightning activities in Zhongshan area are mainly concentrated in April-September(the flood season), and the number of lightnings accounts for 99.4% of the whole year. The lightning intensity of positive and negative ground is mainly concentrated in 10 ~60 k A, accounting for79.0% of the total number of lightning. When the lightning protection scope of buildings in Zhongshan area is designed according to the lightning protection categories of Class I, II and III, the shielding rate is 0.82%, 5.62% and 15.59%, namely the lightning protection efficiency of direct lightning of the first, second and third types of lightning protection buildings is 99.18%, 94.38% and 84.41%respectively. The probability of lightning current amplitude greater than 200 k A, 15 Ok A, 100 k A is 0.656%, 1.289% and 5.577%respectively. Therefore, according to the safety distance of the first, second and third lightning protection buildings, there will be 0.656%,1.289% and 5.577% respectively of the counterattack rate occurred.
In this paper, the lightning data from 2005 to 2008 in Zhongshan area were used to analyze the lightning characteristics of the Zhongshan area and the lightning protection efficiency of the direct lightning protection, which provided technical support for the lightning protection project in the area. Statistical analysis shows that the average annual cloud-to-ground lightning frequency in Zhongshan is 239,325 times; negative ground lightning accounts for 94.55% of the total lightning, and the average negative ground lightning intensity is42.64 k A; positive lightning accounts for 5.55% of the total lightning. The average lightning intensity of Zhongshan City is 40.55 k A, the average intensity of negative ground lightning is 42.64 k A, and the average intensity of positive ground lightning is 38.01 k A. The ground lightning activities in Zhongshan area are mainly concentrated in April-September(the flood season), and the number of lightnings accounts for 99.4% of the whole year. The lightning intensity of positive and negative ground is mainly concentrated in 10 ~60 k A, accounting for79.0% of the total number of lightning. When the lightning protection scope of buildings in Zhongshan area is designed according to the lightning protection categories of Class I, II and III, the shielding rate is 0.82%, 5.62% and 15.59%, namely the lightning protection efficiency of direct lightning of the first, second and third types of lightning protection buildings is 99.18%, 94.38% and 84.41%respectively. The probability of lightning current amplitude greater than 200 k A, 15 Ok A, 100 k A is 0.656%, 1.289% and 5.577%respectively. Therefore, according to the safety distance of the first, second and third lightning protection buildings, there will be 0.656%,1.289% and 5.577% respectively of the counterattack rate occurred.
引文
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[4]朱舒曼,饶生辉,林铎佳.中山市1956~2010年的雷暴气候特征[J].广东气象,2012,12(34).
[5]刘三梅,贺灿花,许锐文,等.广东省1999-2013年雷电活动特征的分析[J].广东气象,2014,36(6):32-35.
[6]庄燕淘,刘三梅,黄惺惺,等.广东省地闪密度空间分布的特征分析[J].广东气象,2014,36(4):57-60.
[7]王学良,刘学春,史雅静.武汉地区云地闪电特征及防护效率研究[J].2010,12(6).
[8]黄亚敏,张静哲,李家启,等.重庆市北碚区雷电气候特征及防护效率分析[J].西南师范大学学报,2014(11).
[9]丁雯,李强,吴安坤.贵州地区地闪的分布特征及防护效率分析[J].防灾科技学院学报,2013,3.
[10]张敏锋,刘欣生,葛正谟.我国北方地区雷电活动的时空特征[J].高原气象,2000,8.
[11]刘敏,薛小宁,张博宇.榆林地区雷电活动特征分析[J].陕西气象,2017(1).
[12]陈付统,白福.玉树地区雷电特征初步分析[J].青海气象,2007.
[13]刘刚,唐军,季严飞,等.珠江三角洲地区雷电时空分布规律的统计研究[J].电网与清洁能源,2011,11.
[14]朱晶晶,赵小平,邢彩盈,等.基于闪电定位系统的海南岛闪电活动特征分析[J].海南大学学报自然科学版,2017,3.
[15]马御棠,隋彬,曹晓斌,等.惠州地区雷电活动规律研究[J].南方电网技术,2011(2).