网络游记中游客对惠安女形象的凝视
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摘要
通过网络平台收集游客游记以作为样本,借助ROST Content Mining软件(内容挖掘软件)分析游客对惠安女形象的凝视。研究发现,游客对惠安女形象的凝视主要分为核心形象凝视、地域环境凝视、吸引物凝视、构图凝视、情感凝视五大主类目;次类目凝视主要是惠安女的地域凝视、惠安女的服饰凝视、惠安的旅游吸引物凝视、惠安女的精神凝视、惠安女拍摄凝视。游客对惠安女的聚居地崇武古城凝视度较高;由于基础设施不完善、交通不便利、知名度较低等原因,游客涉足小岞、山霞和净峰较少。游客在凝视过程中的情感态度较为积极,整体凝视感知评价较高,但也存在阻碍游客凝视目标实现的一些消极因素。提出政府应原生态开发、挖掘惠安女服饰文化符号的深度内涵,借助旅游节庆建构吸引旅游者的惠安女形象,运用博物馆保护旅游者凝视的惠安女形象等建议。
Travel logs were sampled from the internet and analyzed with ROST Content Mining software to examine the gazes at Hui'an women images. It was found that the gazes fall into five major categories: the core image gazes,the regional environment gazes,the attraction gazes,the composition gazes,the emotion gazes;the less significant categories were the regional gazes,the dress gazes,the tourist attraction gazes,the spiritual gazes; tourists have a high frequency of gazes at the ancient town of Chung Wu,a colony of Hui'an women;the counties of Xiaozuo,Shanxia and Jingfeng are less involved because of the inadequate infrastructure,inconvenient transportation and low visibility. Positive emotional attitudes and highly overall perceptions are found in tourists' gazes,but some negative factors hinder tourists from their gaze targets,which may be solved through conserving the original environment,exploring the profound cultural connotations of female dresses as cultural symbols,cultivating the female images that attracts tourists by means of festivals and taking advantage of museums to protect the female image of tourists gazes.
Travel logs were sampled from the internet and analyzed with ROST Content Mining software to examine the gazes at Hui'an women images. It was found that the gazes fall into five major categories: the core image gazes,the regional environment gazes,the attraction gazes,the composition gazes,the emotion gazes;the less significant categories were the regional gazes,the dress gazes,the tourist attraction gazes,the spiritual gazes; tourists have a high frequency of gazes at the ancient town of Chung Wu,a colony of Hui'an women;the counties of Xiaozuo,Shanxia and Jingfeng are less involved because of the inadequate infrastructure,inconvenient transportation and low visibility. Positive emotional attitudes and highly overall perceptions are found in tourists' gazes,but some negative factors hinder tourists from their gaze targets,which may be solved through conserving the original environment,exploring the profound cultural connotations of female dresses as cultural symbols,cultivating the female images that attracts tourists by means of festivals and taking advantage of museums to protect the female image of tourists gazes.
引文
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[26]陈丽琴.国外小众旅游对旅游目的地女性影响的研究综述[J].山东女子学院学报,2016(4):20.
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[32] HALL S. Culture,media,language[M]. Boston:Unwin Hyman,1980:131.
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[2]刘孝娟.基于旅游数字足迹的目的地新媒体平台营销研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2017.
[3]约翰·尤瑞.游客凝视[M].杨慧,赵玉中,王庆玲,等,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2009:35.
[4] GRIFFIN B. The tourist gaze:cycling tourists’impressions of Victorian and Edwardian Ireland[J]. Irish Studies Review,2017,25(3):283.
[5] NURSANTY E,SUPRAPTI A,SYAHBANA J A. The application of tourist gaze theory to support city branding in the planning of the historic city Surakarta,Indonesia[J]. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2017,13(3):223.
[6] WILLIS C,LADKIN A,JAIN J. Present whilst absent:Home and the business tourist gaze[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2017,63(5):48.
[7] JIMéNEZ-ESQUINAS G.“This is not only about culture”:on tourism,gender stereotypes and other affective fluxes[J]. Journal of Sustainable Tourism,2017,25(3):311.
[8]刘丹萍.旅游凝视:中国本土研究[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2008:1.
[9]刘丹萍,保继刚.镜头压力下的东道主:西方学界关于旅游地原住民摄影态度的研究述评[J].人文地理,2006(6):32.
[10]杨梅.基于图文凝视的渝东南土家族文化变迁研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2017,31(10):140.
[11]汪天颖,陆林,路幸福.徽州村落旅游中游客及东道主的凝视行为[J].旅游学刊,2015(4):23.
[12]罗鲜荣,黄松山.东道主凝视下的中西方背包旅游者比较研究[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(11):32.
[13]吴茂英.旅游凝视:评述与展望[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(3):107.
[14]朱江勇,陆栋梁.旅游表演学[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2015:88.
[15]肖佑兴.国外旅游地社会文化变迁研究述评[J].人文地理,2011,26(6):19.
[16]樊友猛,谢彦君.记忆、展示与凝视:乡村文化遗产保护与旅游发展协同研究[J].旅游科学,2015,29(1):11.
[17] IRELAND M. Gender and class relations in tourism employment[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,1993,20(4):666.
[18] ENLOE M. Bananas,Beaches and Bases:Making Feminist Sense of International Politics[M]. Berkeley:University of California Press,2001:28.
[19] CASSEL S H,KATARINA P. Women tourism entrepreneurs:doing gender on farms in Sweden:[J]. Gender in Management,2014,29(8):487.
[20] CASSEL S H,PETTERSSON K. Performing gender and rurality in Swedish farm tourism[J]. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism,2015,15(1):138.
[21] LING R S J,WU B H,PARK J. Women’s role in sustaining villages and rural tourism in China[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2013,5(43):634.
[22]赵捷.云南旅游业中民族女性角色分析[J].云南民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),1994(2):65.
[23]褚玉杰,赵振斌,张丽.民族社区妇女旅游精英角色:基于性别特质的演绎[J].旅游学刊,2016,31(1):37.
[24]张巧风.旅游发展对女性居民社会角色变迁影响研究[D].开封:河南大学,2016.
[25]朱江勇,陆栋梁.旅游表演学[M].天津:南开大学出版社,2015:88.
[26]陈丽琴.国外小众旅游对旅游目的地女性影响的研究综述[J].山东女子学院学报,2016(4):20.
[27]熊兰.旅游体验背景下侗族旅游村寨文化符号体系研究[D].贵阳:贵州民族大学,2017.
[28]赖清正. 2018年惠安县政府工作报告[EB/OL].(2018-01-22)[2018-05-05]. http:∥www. csmcity. com/zlzx/info-6337. html.
[29]黄文胜.走进惠安[EB/OL].(2018-4-2)[2018-05-9]. https:∥lvyou. baidu. com/quanzhouhuian/.
[30]余丹华.国务院关于公布第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录的通知[EB/OL].(2006-06-02)[2018-05-15]. http:∥www.gov. cn/zwgk/2006-06/02/content_297946. htm.
[31]方雨,黄翔.武汉市旅游目的地形象感知研究:基于网络文本分析方法[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2017,51(5):709.
[32] HALL S. Culture,media,language[M]. Boston:Unwin Hyman,1980:131.
[33]肖爽.由“编码/解码”走向“表征”:重读斯图亚特·霍尔的《编码/解码》[J].文化研究,2017(2):138.
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