新乡黄河湿地大鸨的越冬生态研究
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摘要
每年有大量的大鸨在新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区越冬,但其种群数量及越冬现状尚不清楚。2015年1月～2017年12月,采用样线法和定点观察法对该地大鸨的种群数量及越冬生态进行了研究,结果如下:(1)大鸨每年11月初迁入新乡黄河湿地,最早观测到大鸨的时间为2015年11月8日;最晚到达时间为2016年11月19日;次年3月中旬迁出保护区,飞往繁殖地。(2)在大留寺南北及碾庄,地势平坦开阔,麦田面积较大,距水源较近,距村庄较远,人为干扰相对较少,大鸨的数量最多。(3)每年11月中旬到12月初,大鸨数量呈上升趋势,12月初大鸨的数量达到最高峰,1月初到3月中旬数量逐渐减少,3月底全部迁出保护区。(4)大鸨的觅食地食物非常丰富,每天的8:00～10:00和14:00～16:00为其取食高峰,主要以啄食农田麦苗为食;长距离飞翔时,队形大致呈W、V或倾斜的"一"字形。
Every year,many great bustard( Otis tarda) overwinter in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve,Henan,China. But their population and overwintering status had not been documented. Using transect and fixed-point sampling,we estimated population size and described overwintering ecology of great bustard in this reserve from January 2015 to December2017. Great bustard arrived at the Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland in early November. The earliest arrival was 8 November 2015,while the latest was 19 November 2016. In mid-March,they left the reserve on migration to their breeding grounds. The area with the largest number of the great bustard was the north and south of Tailiu Temple and Nianzhuang. This area was flat,with large area of wheat field,close to the water source,far away from the village,and had low human disturbance. The number of great bustard increased from mid-November to early December each year,peaking in early December. The wintering population gradually declined from mid-January to March,and all birds had left the reserve by the end of March. Food was abundant on foraging grounds. Great bustard mainly grazed on wheat seedlings, and there were two foraging peaks from 8: 00 to 10: 00 hrs and from 14: 00 to 16: 00 hrs. When flying long distances,the formation was roughly a W,V,or oblique"line"shape.
Every year,many great bustard( Otis tarda) overwinter in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve,Henan,China. But their population and overwintering status had not been documented. Using transect and fixed-point sampling,we estimated population size and described overwintering ecology of great bustard in this reserve from January 2015 to December2017. Great bustard arrived at the Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland in early November. The earliest arrival was 8 November 2015,while the latest was 19 November 2016. In mid-March,they left the reserve on migration to their breeding grounds. The area with the largest number of the great bustard was the north and south of Tailiu Temple and Nianzhuang. This area was flat,with large area of wheat field,close to the water source,far away from the village,and had low human disturbance. The number of great bustard increased from mid-November to early December each year,peaking in early December. The wintering population gradually declined from mid-January to March,and all birds had left the reserve by the end of March. Food was abundant on foraging grounds. Great bustard mainly grazed on wheat seedlings, and there were two foraging peaks from 8: 00 to 10: 00 hrs and from 14: 00 to 16: 00 hrs. When flying long distances,the formation was roughly a W,V,or oblique"line"shape.
引文
[1]Bird Life International.Species factsheet:Otis tarda.2017[DB/OL].http://www.birdlife.org.
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[9]朱书玉,赵亚杰,王安东,等.黄河三角洲自然保护区大鸨越冬调查及保护[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(1):51-54.
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[11]吴逸群,沈杰,刘建文,等.陕西黄河湿地大鸨越冬种群受胁因素分析[J].林业资源管理,2013(5):91-94.
[12]Wu Yiqun,Xu Xiu.Heavy metals in wintering great bustard's feces[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2014,46(6):1797-1800.
[13]郑刘梦,郭玉明,冯晟林,等.新乡黄河湿地鸟类多样性研究[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(4):622-627.
[2]汪松,郑光美,王岐山,等.中国濒危动物红皮书:鸟类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[3]田秀华,王进军.中国大鸨[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2001.
[4]万冬梅,杜杨,赵匠,等.大鸨的濒危机制及保护对策[J].辽宁大学学报:自然科学版,2010,37(4):298-302.
[5]刘伯文.东北地区大鸨的现状和保护[J].国土与自然资源研究,1997(4):61-63.
[6]高行宜,杨维康,乔建芳,等.中国鸨类的分布与现状[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(2):179-186.
[7]曹殿文,张金娥,李英华,等.特金罕山自然保护区大鸨资源现状与保护对策[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2004,27(S1):30,49.
[8]Alonso López J C,Palacin C.The world status and population trends of the great bustard(Otis tarda):2010 update[J].Chinese Birds,2010,1(2):141-147.
[9]朱书玉,赵亚杰,王安东,等.黄河三角洲自然保护区大鸨越冬调查及保护[J].野生动物学报,2016,37(1):51-54.
[10]刘建文,吴逸群,许秀.陕西省大鸨东方亚种越冬分布与救助原因分析[J].四川动物,2013,32(2):306-307.
[11]吴逸群,沈杰,刘建文,等.陕西黄河湿地大鸨越冬种群受胁因素分析[J].林业资源管理,2013(5):91-94.
[12]Wu Yiqun,Xu Xiu.Heavy metals in wintering great bustard's feces[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2014,46(6):1797-1800.
[13]郑刘梦,郭玉明,冯晟林,等.新乡黄河湿地鸟类多样性研究[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(4):622-627.