基于水生态改善的太湖分区分时动态水质目标制定方法
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摘要
科学、合理地制定水体主要污染物浓度控制目标,即水质目标是实施河、湖"水质目标管理"的基础和前提.本文基于环境条件决定生态系统结构以及自组织适应生态学原理,提出一种可促进水生态改善的太湖分区分时动态水质目标制定方法.该方法在出入湖河道流量情景及分区污染物浓度情景设计的基础上,进行不同情境下水生态系统要素时空演化的数值试验;然后以藻类生物量减小、沉水植物生物量增加为判据,构造水质目标优化模型;最后将湖泊水生态模型与水质目标优化模型耦合,判断各污染物浓度情景下水生态系统健康状况,进而确定不同时间尺度下太湖各分区总氮、总磷、氨氮、高锰酸盐指数等主要污染物指标的动态控制目标.结果表明:本方法制定的太湖各湖区分时水质目标相比传统的"静态"目标更能促进太湖水生态系统健康发展,并为太湖水环境的精细化管理提供了可能.
Setting a scientific and reasonable water quality target is the basis for water quality target management for water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic water quality target setting approach on multiple timescales for subzones of Lake Taihu in China. This approach is based on the ecological principles of self-organizing adaptation and that the ecosystem structure is decided by environment conditions. Monthly flow scenarios of main tributaries and pollutant concentration scenarios of each of the eight subzones of Lake Taihu were designed firstly. These scenarios were then fed into the EcoLake model to simulate the evolution of water ecosystem variables. A water quality target optimization model was set up to identify the best pollutant concentration scenarios. The optimization model uses algal biomass and submerged plant biomass as optimization metrics. The optimization model was integrated to the EcoLake model lastly to determine the best control targets of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index. The results suggest that the water quality target set in this study is more advanced in terms of promoting water ecosystem condition and supporting fine water environment management for Lake Taihu,comparing to traditional water quality target.
Setting a scientific and reasonable water quality target is the basis for water quality target management for water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The purpose of this study is to develop a dynamic water quality target setting approach on multiple timescales for subzones of Lake Taihu in China. This approach is based on the ecological principles of self-organizing adaptation and that the ecosystem structure is decided by environment conditions. Monthly flow scenarios of main tributaries and pollutant concentration scenarios of each of the eight subzones of Lake Taihu were designed firstly. These scenarios were then fed into the EcoLake model to simulate the evolution of water ecosystem variables. A water quality target optimization model was set up to identify the best pollutant concentration scenarios. The optimization model uses algal biomass and submerged plant biomass as optimization metrics. The optimization model was integrated to the EcoLake model lastly to determine the best control targets of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and permanganate index. The results suggest that the water quality target set in this study is more advanced in terms of promoting water ecosystem condition and supporting fine water environment management for Lake Taihu,comparing to traditional water quality target.
引文
[1] Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences. A summary of the water quality,water quantity and biotic resources survey for lakes of China in 2009,2009.[中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所.中国湖泊水质、水量和生物资源调查2009年项目工作进展总结报告,2009.]
[2] Schinder DW. Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1,part 2):356-363.
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[5] EC. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. European Community,Brussels,2000.
[6] Gerald S,Rene F,Marina C et al. Implementation of European marine policy:New water quality targets for German Baltic waters. Marine Policy,2015,51:305-321.
[7] Dowd BM,Press D,Huertos ML. Agricultural nonpoint source water pollution policy:The case of California's central coast. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2008,128(3):151-161.
[8] Anonymous. Water Quality Improvement Plan for the Burnett Mary Region. Burnett Mary Regional Group for Natural Resource Management and Natural Decision. Bundaberg,Queensland,Australia,2015.
[9] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(I):the water level and the current during the 9711 typhoon process. J Lake Sci,1998,10(4):17-25. DOI:10.18307/1998.0403.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力学三维数值试验研究———1.风生流和风涌增减水的三维数值模拟.湖泊科学,1998,10(4):17-25.]
[10] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(II):the typical wind-driven current and its divergence. J Lake Sci,1998,10(4):26-34. DOI:10.18307/1998.0404.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力三维数值试验研究———2.典型风场风生流的数值计算.湖泊科学,1998,10(4):26-34.]
[11] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(IV):transportation and diffusion of conservative substance. J Lake Sci,2002,14(4):310-317. DOI:10.18307/2002.0403.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力三维数值试验研究———4.保守物质输移扩散.湖泊科学,2002,14(4):310-317.]
[12] Hu WP,Jrgensen SE,Zhang FB. A vertical-compressed three-dimensional ecological model in Lake Taihu,China. Ecol Modell,2006,190:367-398.
[13] Hu LM,Hu WP,Zhai SH et al. Effects on water quality following water transfer in Lake Taihu,China. Ecol Modell,2010,36:471-481.
[14] Zhang HJ,Hu WP,Gu K et al. An improved ecological model and software for short-term algal bloom forecasting. Environ Model Softw,2013,48:152-162.
[15] Han T,Zhang HJ,Hu WP et al. Research on self-purification capacity of Lake Taihu. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(11):8201-8215.
[16] Wang YP,Hu WP,Peng ZL et al. Predicting lake eutrophication responses to multiple scenarios of lake restoration:A three-dimensional modeling approach. Water,2018,10:994.
[2] Schinder DW. Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(1,part 2):356-363.
[3] Antoniades D,Michelutti N,Quinlan R et al. Cultural eutrophication,anoxia,and ecosystem recovery in Meretta Lake,High Arctic Canada. Limnology and Oceanography,2011,56(2):639-650.
[4] Li HP,Chen WM,Yang GS et al. Reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus emission and zoning management targeting at water quality of lake or reservoir systems:A case study of Shahe Reservoir within Tianmuhu Reservoir area. J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):785-798. DOI:10.18307/2013.0602.[李恒鹏,陈伟民,杨桂山等.基于湖库水质目标的流域氮、磷减排与分区管理———以天目湖沙河水库为例.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):785-798.]
[5] EC. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. European Community,Brussels,2000.
[6] Gerald S,Rene F,Marina C et al. Implementation of European marine policy:New water quality targets for German Baltic waters. Marine Policy,2015,51:305-321.
[7] Dowd BM,Press D,Huertos ML. Agricultural nonpoint source water pollution policy:The case of California's central coast. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2008,128(3):151-161.
[8] Anonymous. Water Quality Improvement Plan for the Burnett Mary Region. Burnett Mary Regional Group for Natural Resource Management and Natural Decision. Bundaberg,Queensland,Australia,2015.
[9] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(I):the water level and the current during the 9711 typhoon process. J Lake Sci,1998,10(4):17-25. DOI:10.18307/1998.0403.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力学三维数值试验研究———1.风生流和风涌增减水的三维数值模拟.湖泊科学,1998,10(4):17-25.]
[10] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(II):the typical wind-driven current and its divergence. J Lake Sci,1998,10(4):26-34. DOI:10.18307/1998.0404.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力三维数值试验研究———2.典型风场风生流的数值计算.湖泊科学,1998,10(4):26-34.]
[11] Hu WP,Qin BQ,Pu PM. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on the dynamics in Taihu Lake,China(IV):transportation and diffusion of conservative substance. J Lake Sci,2002,14(4):310-317. DOI:10.18307/2002.0403.[胡维平,秦伯强,濮培民.太湖水动力三维数值试验研究———4.保守物质输移扩散.湖泊科学,2002,14(4):310-317.]
[12] Hu WP,Jrgensen SE,Zhang FB. A vertical-compressed three-dimensional ecological model in Lake Taihu,China. Ecol Modell,2006,190:367-398.
[13] Hu LM,Hu WP,Zhai SH et al. Effects on water quality following water transfer in Lake Taihu,China. Ecol Modell,2010,36:471-481.
[14] Zhang HJ,Hu WP,Gu K et al. An improved ecological model and software for short-term algal bloom forecasting. Environ Model Softw,2013,48:152-162.
[15] Han T,Zhang HJ,Hu WP et al. Research on self-purification capacity of Lake Taihu. Environ Sci Pollut Res,2015,22(11):8201-8215.
[16] Wang YP,Hu WP,Peng ZL et al. Predicting lake eutrophication responses to multiple scenarios of lake restoration:A three-dimensional modeling approach. Water,2018,10:994.