彬长矿区复合煤层联合开采区涌水特征
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摘要
针对陕西彬长矿区复合煤层联合开采工作面的涌水异常,通过总结涌水特征,找出了涌水与地层、地质构造、地层压力等之间的联系,并从涌水水源、导水通道、涌水机理3个方面分析了涌水异常的原因。分析认为,受开采强度和安定组地层因素影响,洛河组已成为煤层开采的直接或间接充水含水层;褶曲构造产生的大倾角地层利于导水裂隙带发育,是形成密集出水区段条带特征的直接原因;区域地层具备产生离层水的条件,而特殊的煤层组合关系及开采顺序是造成工作面涌水峰值巨大的主要原因。
Aiming at the abnormal water inrush in working face of united mining of multiple coal seams in Binchang mining area, the relationship between gushing water and formation characteristics, geological structure and ground pressure were analyzed based on the characteristics of water inrush. The causes of abnormal water inrush were discussed from the aspects of water source, water-conducting channels and water inrush mechanism. The analysis shows that Luohe Formation has become the direct or indirect aquifer for coal mining under the influence of mining intensity and formation factors of Anding Formation; the formation with large dip generated by the fold structure is favorable for the development of water flowing fractures, and that is the direct cause for the formation of the characteristics of the dense water outlet section. Regional stratigraphy has conditions for producing the water in separated bed, and the special relationship between coal seam and mining sequence is the main reason for the huge peak value of water inrush from the working face.
Aiming at the abnormal water inrush in working face of united mining of multiple coal seams in Binchang mining area, the relationship between gushing water and formation characteristics, geological structure and ground pressure were analyzed based on the characteristics of water inrush. The causes of abnormal water inrush were discussed from the aspects of water source, water-conducting channels and water inrush mechanism. The analysis shows that Luohe Formation has become the direct or indirect aquifer for coal mining under the influence of mining intensity and formation factors of Anding Formation; the formation with large dip generated by the fold structure is favorable for the development of water flowing fractures, and that is the direct cause for the formation of the characteristics of the dense water outlet section. Regional stratigraphy has conditions for producing the water in separated bed, and the special relationship between coal seam and mining sequence is the main reason for the huge peak value of water inrush from the working face.
引文
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[13]姚邦华,周海峰,陈龙.重复采动下覆岩裂隙发育规律模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):443-446.YAO Banghua,ZHOU Haifeng,CHEN Long.Numerical simulation about fracture development in overlying rocks under repeated mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):443-446.
[14]姚邦华,白海波,黄汉富,等.采动覆岩隔水层稳定性力学模型及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):307-311.YAO Banghua,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu,et al.Mechanical model of stability of water-resistant strata under mining and its application[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):307-311.
[15]柴蕊.综采工作面周期来压步距受回采速率影响研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(4):119-124.CHAI Rui.Influence of mining rate on periodic weighting pace of fully mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(4):119-124.
[2]刘英锋,王世东,王晓蕾.深埋特厚煤层综放开采覆岩导水裂隙带发育特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1970-1976.LIU Yingfeng,WANG Shidong,WANG Xiaolei.Development characteristics of water flowing fractured zone of overburden deep buried extra thick coal seam and fully-mechanized caving mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1970-1976.
[3]张严静.永陇-彬长矿区煤层顶板离层水形成机理及其预测[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[4]韩江水,赵婷,武谋达.综采放顶煤工作面顶板涌水机理分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2012,32(2):144-148.HAN Jiangshui,ZHAO Ting,WU Mouda.Analysis of water-inrush mechanism of apical plate for fully mechanized caving face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2012,32(2):144-148.
[5]许家林,王晓振,刘文涛,等.覆岩主关键层位置对导水裂隙带高度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):380-385.XU Jialin,WANG Xiaozhen,LIU Wentao,et al.Effects of primary key stratum location on height of water flowing fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):380-385.
[6]张周鑫,刘启蒙,金洲洋.厚层坚硬顶板离层发育特征与水害成因机理[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2014,24(2):182-186.ZHANG Zhouxin,LIU Qimeng,JIN Zhouyang.Separation development features and genetic mechanism of water hazards under thick layer of hard roof[J].Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science&Technology,2014,24(2):182-186.
[7]曹海东.煤层顶板次生离层水体透水机理及防治技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(6):90-95.CAO Haidong.Mechanism and control technology of water inrush from secondary separated bed on coal seam roof[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(6):90-95.
[8]孙学阳,付恒心,寇规规,等.综采工作面顶板次生离层水害形成机理分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(4):678-683.SUN Xueyang,FU Hengxin,KOU Guigui,et al.Mechanism of water hazard caused by the secondary separation in the overburden stratum of the fully mechanized coal face[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(4):678-683.
[9]张春光,李松营,杨培,等.陕渑煤田构造控水机理[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(5):42-46.ZHANG Chunguang,LI Songying,YANG Pei,et al.Structural control mechanism on groundwater in Shanmian coalfield[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2012,40(5):42-46.
[10]师修昌,孟召平,张娟,等.断层面摩擦强度对工作面开采影响数值模拟分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(6):113-118.SHI Xiuchang,MENG Zhaoping,ZHANG Juan,et al.Numerical analysis on the influence of frictional strength of fault plane on working face mining[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(6):113-118.
[11]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[12]方刚,靳德武.铜川玉华煤矿顶板离层水突水机理与防治[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(3):57-64.FANG Gang,JIN Dewu.Research on the roof stratifugic water inrush mechanism and control in Tongchuan Yuhua coal mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(3):57-64.
[13]姚邦华,周海峰,陈龙.重复采动下覆岩裂隙发育规律模拟研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):443-446.YAO Banghua,ZHOU Haifeng,CHEN Long.Numerical simulation about fracture development in overlying rocks under repeated mining[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):443-446.
[14]姚邦华,白海波,黄汉富,等.采动覆岩隔水层稳定性力学模型及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(3):307-311.YAO Banghua,BAI Haibo,HUANG Hanfu,et al.Mechanical model of stability of water-resistant strata under mining and its application[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2012,29(3):307-311.
[15]柴蕊.综采工作面周期来压步距受回采速率影响研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(4):119-124.CHAI Rui.Influence of mining rate on periodic weighting pace of fully mechanized coal mining face[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(4):119-124.