西藏申扎县雄梅铜矿床的硫、铅同位素特征及其成矿意义
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摘要
西藏雄梅斑岩型铜矿床位于班公湖-怒江成矿带中段的申扎县雄梅乡。矿区岩石类型由含矿花岗闪长斑岩、孔雀石化次生石英岩及含矿角岩化砂板岩组成。该矿床自2012年发现以来尚未开展成因方面的深入研究,作者旨在通过对矿区硫化物硫、铅同位素的系统研究,查明矿区的成矿物质来源,并通过与成矿带西段多龙矿集区斑岩铜矿成因的对比研究,对本地区的成矿潜力做出评价。测试结果表明,雄梅铜矿矿石硫化物的δ34S值为-2.5‰~6.1‰,硫同位素呈塔式分布,显示岩浆硫特征;铅同位素组成~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb、~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb比值分别为18.220~19.005、15.626~15.770、38.510~39.856,显示正常铅的特征。对铅同位素的源区分析,显示样品大致分布于上地壳端员。铅μ值在9.51~9.78之间,也表明硫化物样品具壳源的特征。与多龙矿集区成矿条件的对比研究,发现两者都是形成于造山带的碰撞后伸展环境,成矿物质来源上两者存在一些差异。良好的构造成矿环境,表明了本地区优越的找矿前景。
The Xiongmei porphyry copper deposit is located in the middle part of the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt in Xiongmei Township,Xainza County,Tibet.Copper mineralization in the mining area is composed of orebearing granodiorite porphyry,malachitization secondary quartzite and ore-bearing hornfels sandy slate.The purpose of this study is to determine the source of ore-forming materials in this area by investigating the regional sulfur and lead isotopes.δ~(34)S values of the sulfide range from -2.5‰ to 6.1‰ with tower distribution,indicative of a magmatic source.The ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios of Xiongmei ore-bearing sulfide range from 18.220 to 19.005,15.626 to 15.770 and 38.510 to 39.856,respectively,which fall in or near the upper crustal area on the Pb isotope source discrimination diagram.The μ values of lead are form 9.51 to 9.78,indicating a crustal source.Based on a comparative study of previous work in the Duolong mining area,the authors hold that both the Duolong mining area and the Xiongmei copper deposit were formed under an extension environment of closure/post-collision of the Bangong Co-Nujiang Meso-Tethys Ocean,indicative of a good ore prospecting potential in the Xiongmei area.
The Xiongmei porphyry copper deposit is located in the middle part of the Bangong Co-Nujiang metallogenic belt in Xiongmei Township,Xainza County,Tibet.Copper mineralization in the mining area is composed of orebearing granodiorite porphyry,malachitization secondary quartzite and ore-bearing hornfels sandy slate.The purpose of this study is to determine the source of ore-forming materials in this area by investigating the regional sulfur and lead isotopes.δ~(34)S values of the sulfide range from -2.5‰ to 6.1‰ with tower distribution,indicative of a magmatic source.The ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb ratios of Xiongmei ore-bearing sulfide range from 18.220 to 19.005,15.626 to 15.770 and 38.510 to 39.856,respectively,which fall in or near the upper crustal area on the Pb isotope source discrimination diagram.The μ values of lead are form 9.51 to 9.78,indicating a crustal source.Based on a comparative study of previous work in the Duolong mining area,the authors hold that both the Duolong mining area and the Xiongmei copper deposit were formed under an extension environment of closure/post-collision of the Bangong Co-Nujiang Meso-Tethys Ocean,indicative of a good ore prospecting potential in the Xiongmei area.
引文
Bai Y,Zhang Z,Chen Y C,Tang J X,He L and Y Y.2015.S-Pb iotope geochemical characteristics of the Gaerqiong-Galale gold-copper ore-concentrated area[J].Metal Mine,44(9):100-104(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du D D,Qu X M,Wang G H,Xin H B and Liu Z B.2011.Bidirectional subduction of the Middle Tethys oceanic basin in the west segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture,Tibet:Evidence from zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMS dating and petrogeochemistry of arc granites[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):1993-2002(in Chinese with English abstract).
Edwards C M H,Menzies M A,Thirlwall M F,Morris J D,Leeman W Pand Harmon R S.1994.The transition to potassic alkaline volcanism in island arcs:The Ringgit-Beser complex,East Java,Indonesia[J].Journal of Petrology,35(6):1557-1595.
He Y Y,Wen C Q and Liu X F.2016.Sulfur and lead isotope geochemical tracing of the Duobuza copper deposit,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,35(5):855-862(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Q S,Shi R D,Ding B H,Liu D L,Zhang X R,Fan S Q and Zhi X C.2012.Re-Os isotopic evidence of MOR-type ophiolite from the Bangong Co for the opening of Bangong-Nujiang Tethys Ocean[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(4):465-478(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu J J,Zhao Y Y and Guo S.2014.Geochemical characteristics and significance of granodiorite porphyry in the Duolong ore concentration area,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,33(6):1039-1051(in Chinese).
Lv L N,Zhao Y Y,Song L,Tian Y and Xin H B.2011.Characteristics of C,Si,O,S and Pb isotopes of the Fe-rich and Cu(Au)deposits in the western Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,Tibet,and their geological significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,85(8):1291-1304(in Chinese with English abstract).
Matte P,Taponnie P,Arnaud N,Borjot L,Avouac J P,Vidal P,Liu Q,Pan Y S and Wang Y.1996.Tectonics of western Tibet,between the Tarims and the Indus[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,142(3-4):311-320.
Ohmoto H.1972.Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,67(5):551-578.
Qiangba Z X,Xie Y W,Wu Y W,Xie C M,Li Q L and Qiu J Q.2009.Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating and its significance of cumulate gabbro from Dengqen ophiolite,eastern Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,28(9):1253-1258(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Xin H B,Zhao Y Y and Fan X T.2009.Geochronology and geochemistry of igneous rocks related to the subducation of the Tethys oceanic plate along the Bangong Lake arc zone,the western Tibetan Plateau[J].Geochimica,38(6):523-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Xin H B,Zhao Y Y,Wang R J and Fan X T.2010.Opening time of Bangong Lake Middle Tethys oceanic basin of the Tibet Plateau:Constraints from petro-geochemistry and zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMSdating of mafic ophiolites[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(3):53-63(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Dai J J,Li Y G,Qi X,Xin H B,Song Y and Du DD.2012.Discovery of Xiongmei porphyry copper deposit in middle segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone and its significance[J].Mineral Deposits,31(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Xin H B,Jiang J H and Chen H.2012.Age and petrogenesis of A-type granites in the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture,Tibetan plateau[J].Lithos,s 146-147(8):264-275.
Srimal N.1986.India-Asia collision:Implications from the geology of the eastern Karakoram[J].Geology,14(6):523-527.
Tian S H,Yang Z S,Hou Z Q,Liu Y C,Song Y C,Wang F C and Xue W W.2011.Sulfur,lead,strontium and neodymium isotope compositions of the Dongmozhazhua lead-zinc ore deposit in the Yushu area,southern Qinghai:Implications for the sources of ore-forming material in the deposit[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,7(7):2173-2183(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen C Q and Duo J.2009.Research methods of ore deposits[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press.
Wang J Q,Qu X M,Ma X D,Fan S F and Song Y.2016.Comparative study of genesis of ore-bearing porphyry and barren porphyry in Xiongmei copper deposit,Tibet[J].Mineral Deposits,35(3):437-455(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang L Q,Luo M C,Yuan Z J,Chen W,Leng Q F and Zhang X Q.2012.Sulfur,lead,carbon and oxygen isotope composition and source of ore-forming materials of the Bangpu Pb-Zn ore deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(4):435-443(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Y F.2000.Stable isotope geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
Zhou Y,Duo J and Wen C Q.2013.Geochemical characteristics of sulfur and lead isotopes from the Bolong copper deposit,Tibet[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,33(2):43-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu B Q.1998.Study on chemical heterogeneities of mantle crustal systems and geochemical boundaries of blocks[J].Earth Science Frontiers,(1):72-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zartman R E and Doe B R.1981.Plumbotectonics-the model[J].Tectonophysics,75(1-2):135-162.
白云,张志,陈毓川,唐菊兴,何林,杨毅.2015.尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区S、Pb同位素地球化学特征[J].金属矿山,44(9):100-104.
杜德道,曲晓明,王根厚,辛洪波,刘治博.2011.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带西段中特提斯洋盆的双向俯冲:来自岛弧型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和元素地球化学的证据[J].岩石学报,27(7):1993-2002.
符家骏,赵元艺,郭硕.2014.西藏多龙矿集区花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征及其意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,33(6):1039-1051.
何阳阳,温春齐,刘显凡.2016.西藏多不杂铜矿床硫铅同位素地球化学示踪[J].岩石矿物学杂志,35(5):855-862.
黄启帅,史仁灯,丁炳华,刘德亮,张晓冉,樊帅权,支霞臣.2012.班公湖MOR型蛇绿岩Re-Os同位素特征对班公湖-怒江特提斯洋裂解时间的制约[J].岩石矿物学杂志,31(4):465-478.
吕立娜,赵元艺,宋亮,田毅,辛洪波.2011.西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段富铁矿与铜(金)矿C、Si、O、S和Pb同位素特征及地质意义[J].地质学报,85(8):1291-1304.
强巴扎西,谢尧武,吴彦旺,解超明,李秋立,邱军强.2009.藏东丁青蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb定年及其意义[J].地质通报,28(9):1253-1258.
曲晓明,王瑞江,辛洪波,赵元艺,樊兴涛.2009.西藏西部与班公湖特提斯洋盆俯冲相关的火成岩年代学和地球化学[J].地球化学,38(6):523-535.
曲晓明,辛洪波,赵元艺,王瑞江,樊兴涛.2010.西藏班公湖中特提斯洋盆的打开时间:镁铁质蛇绿岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMS定年结果[J].地学前缘,17(3):53-63.
曲晓明,王瑞江,代晶晶,李佑国,戚讯,辛洪波,宋杨,杜德道.2012.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段雄梅斑岩铜矿的发现及意义[J].矿床地质,31(1):1-12.
田世洪,杨竹森,侯增谦,刘英超,宋玉财,王富春,薛万文.2011.青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床S、Pb、Sr-Nd同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示[J].岩石学报,27(7):2173-2183.
王佳奇,曲晓明,马旭东,范淑芳,宋扬.2016.西藏雄梅铜矿区含矿斑岩与非含矿斑岩成因对比研究[J].矿床地质,35(3):437-455.
王立强,罗茂澄,袁志洁,陈伟,冷秋锋,张学全.2012.西藏邦铺铅锌矿床S、Pb、C、O同位素组成及成矿物质来源研究[J].地球学报,33(4):435-443.
温春齐,多吉.2009.矿床研究方法[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
郑永飞.2000.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社.
周玉,多吉,温春齐,费光春,张贻.2013.西藏波龙铜矿床S,Pb同位素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石,33(2):43-49.
朱炳泉.1998.壳幔化学不均一性与块体地球化学边界研究[J].地学前缘,(1):72-82.
Du D D,Qu X M,Wang G H,Xin H B and Liu Z B.2011.Bidirectional subduction of the Middle Tethys oceanic basin in the west segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture,Tibet:Evidence from zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMS dating and petrogeochemistry of arc granites[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,27(7):1993-2002(in Chinese with English abstract).
Edwards C M H,Menzies M A,Thirlwall M F,Morris J D,Leeman W Pand Harmon R S.1994.The transition to potassic alkaline volcanism in island arcs:The Ringgit-Beser complex,East Java,Indonesia[J].Journal of Petrology,35(6):1557-1595.
He Y Y,Wen C Q and Liu X F.2016.Sulfur and lead isotope geochemical tracing of the Duobuza copper deposit,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,35(5):855-862(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Q S,Shi R D,Ding B H,Liu D L,Zhang X R,Fan S Q and Zhi X C.2012.Re-Os isotopic evidence of MOR-type ophiolite from the Bangong Co for the opening of Bangong-Nujiang Tethys Ocean[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(4):465-478(in Chinese with English abstract).
Fu J J,Zhao Y Y and Guo S.2014.Geochemical characteristics and significance of granodiorite porphyry in the Duolong ore concentration area,Tibet[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,33(6):1039-1051(in Chinese).
Lv L N,Zhao Y Y,Song L,Tian Y and Xin H B.2011.Characteristics of C,Si,O,S and Pb isotopes of the Fe-rich and Cu(Au)deposits in the western Bangong-Nujiang metallogenic belt,Tibet,and their geological significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,85(8):1291-1304(in Chinese with English abstract).
Matte P,Taponnie P,Arnaud N,Borjot L,Avouac J P,Vidal P,Liu Q,Pan Y S and Wang Y.1996.Tectonics of western Tibet,between the Tarims and the Indus[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,142(3-4):311-320.
Ohmoto H.1972.Systematics of sulfur and carbon isotopes in hydrothermal ore deposits[J].Econ.Geol.,67(5):551-578.
Qiangba Z X,Xie Y W,Wu Y W,Xie C M,Li Q L and Qiu J Q.2009.Zircon SIMS U-Pb dating and its significance of cumulate gabbro from Dengqen ophiolite,eastern Tibet,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,28(9):1253-1258(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Xin H B,Zhao Y Y and Fan X T.2009.Geochronology and geochemistry of igneous rocks related to the subducation of the Tethys oceanic plate along the Bangong Lake arc zone,the western Tibetan Plateau[J].Geochimica,38(6):523-535(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Xin H B,Zhao Y Y,Wang R J and Fan X T.2010.Opening time of Bangong Lake Middle Tethys oceanic basin of the Tibet Plateau:Constraints from petro-geochemistry and zircon U-Pb LA-ICPMSdating of mafic ophiolites[J].Earth Science Frontiers,17(3):53-63(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Dai J J,Li Y G,Qi X,Xin H B,Song Y and Du DD.2012.Discovery of Xiongmei porphyry copper deposit in middle segment of Bangonghu-Nujiang suture zone and its significance[J].Mineral Deposits,31(1):1-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qu X M,Wang R J,Xin H B,Jiang J H and Chen H.2012.Age and petrogenesis of A-type granites in the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture,Tibetan plateau[J].Lithos,s 146-147(8):264-275.
Srimal N.1986.India-Asia collision:Implications from the geology of the eastern Karakoram[J].Geology,14(6):523-527.
Tian S H,Yang Z S,Hou Z Q,Liu Y C,Song Y C,Wang F C and Xue W W.2011.Sulfur,lead,strontium and neodymium isotope compositions of the Dongmozhazhua lead-zinc ore deposit in the Yushu area,southern Qinghai:Implications for the sources of ore-forming material in the deposit[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,7(7):2173-2183(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wen C Q and Duo J.2009.Research methods of ore deposits[M].Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press.
Wang J Q,Qu X M,Ma X D,Fan S F and Song Y.2016.Comparative study of genesis of ore-bearing porphyry and barren porphyry in Xiongmei copper deposit,Tibet[J].Mineral Deposits,35(3):437-455(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang L Q,Luo M C,Yuan Z J,Chen W,Leng Q F and Zhang X Q.2012.Sulfur,lead,carbon and oxygen isotope composition and source of ore-forming materials of the Bangpu Pb-Zn ore deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,33(4):435-443(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zheng Y F.2000.Stable isotope geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
Zhou Y,Duo J and Wen C Q.2013.Geochemical characteristics of sulfur and lead isotopes from the Bolong copper deposit,Tibet[J].Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology,33(2):43-49(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu B Q.1998.Study on chemical heterogeneities of mantle crustal systems and geochemical boundaries of blocks[J].Earth Science Frontiers,(1):72-82(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zartman R E and Doe B R.1981.Plumbotectonics-the model[J].Tectonophysics,75(1-2):135-162.
白云,张志,陈毓川,唐菊兴,何林,杨毅.2015.尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区S、Pb同位素地球化学特征[J].金属矿山,44(9):100-104.
杜德道,曲晓明,王根厚,辛洪波,刘治博.2011.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带西段中特提斯洋盆的双向俯冲:来自岛弧型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄和元素地球化学的证据[J].岩石学报,27(7):1993-2002.
符家骏,赵元艺,郭硕.2014.西藏多龙矿集区花岗闪长斑岩地球化学特征及其意义[J].岩石矿物学杂志,33(6):1039-1051.
何阳阳,温春齐,刘显凡.2016.西藏多不杂铜矿床硫铅同位素地球化学示踪[J].岩石矿物学杂志,35(5):855-862.
黄启帅,史仁灯,丁炳华,刘德亮,张晓冉,樊帅权,支霞臣.2012.班公湖MOR型蛇绿岩Re-Os同位素特征对班公湖-怒江特提斯洋裂解时间的制约[J].岩石矿物学杂志,31(4):465-478.
吕立娜,赵元艺,宋亮,田毅,辛洪波.2011.西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段富铁矿与铜(金)矿C、Si、O、S和Pb同位素特征及地质意义[J].地质学报,85(8):1291-1304.
强巴扎西,谢尧武,吴彦旺,解超明,李秋立,邱军强.2009.藏东丁青蛇绿岩中堆晶辉长岩锆石SIMS U-Pb定年及其意义[J].地质通报,28(9):1253-1258.
曲晓明,王瑞江,辛洪波,赵元艺,樊兴涛.2009.西藏西部与班公湖特提斯洋盆俯冲相关的火成岩年代学和地球化学[J].地球化学,38(6):523-535.
曲晓明,辛洪波,赵元艺,王瑞江,樊兴涛.2010.西藏班公湖中特提斯洋盆的打开时间:镁铁质蛇绿岩地球化学与锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMS定年结果[J].地学前缘,17(3):53-63.
曲晓明,王瑞江,代晶晶,李佑国,戚讯,辛洪波,宋杨,杜德道.2012.西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带中段雄梅斑岩铜矿的发现及意义[J].矿床地质,31(1):1-12.
田世洪,杨竹森,侯增谦,刘英超,宋玉财,王富春,薛万文.2011.青海玉树东莫扎抓铅锌矿床S、Pb、Sr-Nd同位素组成:对成矿物质来源的指示[J].岩石学报,27(7):2173-2183.
王佳奇,曲晓明,马旭东,范淑芳,宋扬.2016.西藏雄梅铜矿区含矿斑岩与非含矿斑岩成因对比研究[J].矿床地质,35(3):437-455.
王立强,罗茂澄,袁志洁,陈伟,冷秋锋,张学全.2012.西藏邦铺铅锌矿床S、Pb、C、O同位素组成及成矿物质来源研究[J].地球学报,33(4):435-443.
温春齐,多吉.2009.矿床研究方法[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
郑永飞.2000.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社.
周玉,多吉,温春齐,费光春,张贻.2013.西藏波龙铜矿床S,Pb同位素地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石,33(2):43-49.
朱炳泉.1998.壳幔化学不均一性与块体地球化学边界研究[J].地学前缘,(1):72-82.
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