原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤病例1例并文献复习
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摘要
目的:探讨原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤(PAMM)的临床及病理特征、诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析1例原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤患者的病历资料,结合国内外文献,总结PAMM的临床和病理特点、诊断和治疗方法。结果:该患者术前肠镜提示距肛缘4cm处肿块,肠镜下活检病理提示恶性黑色素瘤,行腹部会阴切除术,术后病理再次证实肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤。术后患者顺利出院。结论:PAMM是非常罕见的恶性肿瘤,临床表现缺乏特异性,确诊需要病理诊断。预后差,手术切术是治疗原发性肛管直肠黑色素瘤的最佳方案。
引文
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[25]王锡山.肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤诊治指南解读[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2015,4(2):132-134.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.02.05.Wang XS.Guideline interpretation of diagnosis and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma[J].Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases,2015,4(2):132-134.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.02.05.
[2]Taylor JP,Stem M,Yu D,et al.Treatment Strategies and Survival Trends for Anorectal Melanoma:Is it Time for a Change?[J].World J Surg,2019.doi:10.1007/s00268-019-04960-w.[Epub ahead of print]
[3]Printz C.New AJCC cancer staging manual reflects changes in cancer knowledge[J].Cancer,2010,116(1):2-3.doi:10.1002/cncr.24848.
[4]Singer M,Mutch MG.Anal melanoma[J].Clin Colon Rectal Surg,2006,19(2):78-87.doi:10.1055/s-2006-942348.
[5]Carvajal RD,Spencer SA,Lydiatt W.Mucosal melanoma:a clinically and biologically unique disease entity[J].J Natl Compr Canc Netw,2012,10(3):345-356.
[6]Klas JV,Rothenberger DA,Wong WD,et al.Malignant tumors of the anal canal:the spectrum of disease,treatment,and outcomes[J].Cancer,1999,85(8):1686-1693.
[7]Zhang S,Gao F,Wan D.Effect of misdiagnosis on the prognosis of anorectal malignant melanoma[J].J Cancer Res Clin Oncol,2010,136(9):1401-1405.doi:10.1007/s00432-010-0793-z.
[8]Schuchter LM,Green R,Fraker D.Primary and metastatic diseases in malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract[J].Curr Opin Oncol,2000,12(2):181-185.
[9]Agrawal S,Yao TJ,Coit DG.Surgery for melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract[J].Ann Surg Oncol,1999,6(4):336-344.
[10]Chute DJ,Cousar JB,Mills SE.Anorectal malignant melanoma:morphologic and immunohistochemical features[J].Am J Clin Pathol,2006,126(1):93-100.doi:10.1309/DVWL-TV8F-FKC3-L80H.
[11]Meguerditchian AN,Meterissian SH,Dunn KB.Anorectal melanoma:diagnosis and treatment[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2011,54(5):638-644.doi:10.1007/DCR.0b013e31820c9b1b.
[12]Chang AE,Karnell LH,Menck HR.The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma:a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade.The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society[J].Cancer,1998,83(8):1664-1678.
[13]Wanebo HJ,Woodruff JM,Farr GH,et al.Anorectal melanoma[J].Cancer,1981,47(7):1891-1900.
[14]Brady MS,Kavolius JP,Quan SH.Anorectal melanoma.A 64-year experience at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center[J].Dis Colon Rectum,1995,38(2):146-151.
[15]Slingluff CL,Seigler HF.Anorectal melanoma:clinical characteristics and the role of abdominoperineal resection[J].Ann Plast Surg,1992,28(1):85-88.
[16]Weinstock MA.Epidemiology and prognosis of anorectal melanoma[J].Gastroenterology,1993,104(1):174-178.
[17]Podnos YD,Tsai NC,Smith D,et al.Factors affecting survival in patients with anal melanoma[J].Am Surg,2006,72(10):917-920.
[18]Ross M,Pezzi C,Pezzi T,et al.Patterns of failure in anorectal melanoma.A guide to surgical therapy[J].Arch Surg,1990,125(3):313-316.doi:10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410150035007.
[19]Stoidis CN,Spyropoulos BG,Misiakos EP,et al.Diffuse anorectal melanoma;review of the current diagnostic and treatment aspects based on a case report[J].World J Surg Oncol,2009,7:64.doi:10.1186/1477-7819-7-64.
[20]Chen H,Cai Y,Liu Y,et al.Incidence,Surgical Treatment,and Prognosis of Anorectal Melanoma From 1973 to 2011:APopulation-Based SEER Analysis[J].Medicine(Baltimore),2016,95(7):e2770.DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000002770.
[21]Ward MW,Romano G,Nicholls RJ.The surgical treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma[J].Br J Surg,1986,73(1):68-69.
[22]Kelly P,Zagars GK,Cormier JN,et al.Sphincter-sparing local excision and hypofractionated radiation therapy for anorectal melanoma:a 20-year experience[J].Cancer,2011,117(20):4747-4755.doi:10.1002/cncr.26088.
[23]Kim KB,Sanguino AM,Hodges C,et al.Biochemotherapy in patients with metastatic anorectal mucosal melanoma[J].Cancer,2004,100(7):1478-1483.doi:10.1002/cncr.20113.
[24]Homsi J,Garrett C.Melanoma of the anal canal:a case series[J].Dis Colon Rectum,2007,50(7):1004-1010.doi:10.1007/s10350-007-0242-5.
[25]王锡山.肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤诊治指南解读[J].中华结直肠疾病电子杂志,2015,4(2):132-134.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.02.05.Wang XS.Guideline interpretation of diagnosis and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma[J].Chinese Journal of Colorectal Diseases,2015,4(2):132-134.doi:10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-3224.2015.02.05.
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