快速城市化影响下超大型城市景观生态格局演变特征分析
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摘要
针对超大型城市建设对景观生态格局及其变化定量研究的应用需求,基于多时相遥感变化监测和格网划分方法,结合景观指数对北京景观空间格局及动态变化进行定量分析,同时探究城市化对城市景观影响的阈值效应。结果表明:1)2000—2015年,由于北京城市化水平逐渐提高,导致建筑用地增加了56%,斑块破碎程度较低;而城市耕地及绿地景观有所减少、斑块分布不均,破碎程度上升;2)空间格局方面,由于建筑用地的覆盖及彼此间的高度连接,使城区景观破碎程度明显低于城郊,景观多样性水平呈下降趋势;3)回归分析表明城市化对城市景观破碎度有显著影响,相关系数达0.84,具体表现为倒U关系,即景观破碎度随城市化水平的提高呈先上升后下降的关系,城市化水平在51%～53%时达到峰值。
In view of the application of mega-city region construction to the landscape ecological pattern and its quantitative research,Beijing City was taken as research object.Landscape index was combined to quantitatively analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic changes of Beijing landscape.The threshold effect of urbanization on urban landscape was explored based on multi-temporal remote sensing change detection and grid partitioning method.The results showed that:1)From 2000 to 2015,because of the gradual increase in the level of urbanization,there was a56%increase in Beijing's building land and a relatively low degree of plaque fragmentation.Meanwhile,urban cultivated land and Greenland were unevenly distributed and the fragmentation was increased.2)In the aspect of spatial pattern,because of the coverage and the high degree of connection of building land,the landscape fragmentation degree of the urban area was obviously lower than that of the suburb area,and the landscape diversity level was declining.3)The regression analysis showed that urbanization had a significant impact on the degree of urban landscape fragmentation with a correlation coefficient of 0.84,which was expressed as an inverted U relationship.In other words,the landscape fragmentation first rose and then declined with the urbanization level increasing,and it reached the peak when the urbanization level was between 51% and 53%.
In view of the application of mega-city region construction to the landscape ecological pattern and its quantitative research,Beijing City was taken as research object.Landscape index was combined to quantitatively analyze the spatial pattern and dynamic changes of Beijing landscape.The threshold effect of urbanization on urban landscape was explored based on multi-temporal remote sensing change detection and grid partitioning method.The results showed that:1)From 2000 to 2015,because of the gradual increase in the level of urbanization,there was a56%increase in Beijing's building land and a relatively low degree of plaque fragmentation.Meanwhile,urban cultivated land and Greenland were unevenly distributed and the fragmentation was increased.2)In the aspect of spatial pattern,because of the coverage and the high degree of connection of building land,the landscape fragmentation degree of the urban area was obviously lower than that of the suburb area,and the landscape diversity level was declining.3)The regression analysis showed that urbanization had a significant impact on the degree of urban landscape fragmentation with a correlation coefficient of 0.84,which was expressed as an inverted U relationship.In other words,the landscape fragmentation first rose and then declined with the urbanization level increasing,and it reached the peak when the urbanization level was between 51% and 53%.
引文
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[18]齐杨,邬建国,李建龙,于洋,彭福利,孙聪.中国东西部中小城市景观格局及其驱动力[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):275-285Qi Y,Wu J G,Li J L,Yu Y,Peng F L,Sun C.Landscape dynamics of medium-and small sized cities in eastern and western China:A comparative study of pattern and driving forces[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(1):275-285(in Chinese)
[19]阳文锐.北京城市景观格局时空变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4357-4366Yang W R.Spatiotemporal change and driving forces of urban landscape pattern in Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(13):4357-4366(in Chinese)
[20]仇江啸,王效科,逯非,欧阳志云,郑华.城市景观破碎化格局与城市化及社会经济发展水平的关系:以北京城区为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2659-2669Qiu J X,Wang X K,Lu F,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H.The spatial pattern of landscape fragmentation and its relations with urbanization and socio-economic developments:A case study of Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(9):2659-2669(in Chinese)
[21]Peng J,Xie P,Liu Y X,Ma J.Urban thermal environment dynamics and associated landscape pattern factors:A case study in the Beijing metropolitan region[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,173:145-155
[22]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000Wu J G.Landscape ecology:Pattern,Process,Scale and Grade[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[23]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,成方妍,董世魁.广西滨海区域景观格局分析及土地利用变化预测[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5915-5923Liu S L,An N N,Yin Y J,Cheng F Y,Dong S K.Landscape pattern analysis and prediction of land-use change in the Guangxi coastal area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(18):5915-5923(in Chinese)
[24]姚永慧,张百平,罗扬,朱军,岑纲.格网计算法在空间格局分析中的应用:以贵州景观空间格局分析为例[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(1):73-78Yao Y H,Zhang B P,Luo Y,Zhu J,Cen G.The application of grid computing method to the research of spatial pattern:An analysis of karst landscape pattern in Guizhou[J].GeoInformation Science,2006,8(1):73-78(in Chinese)
[25]刘焱序,彭建,王仰麟.城市热岛效应与景观格局的关联:从城市规模、景观组分到空间构型[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7769-7780Liu Y X,Peng J,Wang Y L.Relationship between urban heat island and landscape patterns:From city size and landscape composition to spatial configuration[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(23):7769-7780(in Chinese)
[26]Peng J,Wang Y L,Zhang Y,Wu J S,Li W F,Li Y.Evaluating the effectiveness of landscape metrics in quantifying spatial patterns[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10(2):217-223
[2]陈利顶,孙然好,刘海莲.城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1042-1050Chen L D,Sun R H,Liu H L.Eco-environmental effects of urban landscape pattern changes:Progresses,problems,and perspectives[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):1042-1050(in Chinese)
[3]韦薇,张银龙,赵兵,王浩.快速城市化进程中城市扩张对景观格局分异特征的影响[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):7-12Wei W,Zhang Y L,Zhao B,Wang H.Impacts of urban expansion on spatio-temporal variation of landscape patterns during rapid urbanization[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(1):7-12(in Chinese)
[4]Yu T F,Shao J,Zhou X J.Research on multi center mega-city region:A case study of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei mega-city region[J].Planners,2007,23(12):15-23
[5]Charles W.The Landscape Urbanism Reader[M].New York:Princeton Architectural Press,2006
[6]Estoque R C,Murayama Y.Quantifying landscape pattern and ecosystem service value changes in four rapidly urbanizing hill stations of Southeast Asia[J].Landscape Ecology,2016,31(7):1-27
[7]王丽群,张志强,李格,马丰伟,陈立欣.北京边缘地区景观格局变化及对生态系统服务的影响评价:以牛栏山-马坡镇为例[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):750-759Wang L Q,Zhang Z Q,Li G,Ma F W,Chen L X.Landscape pattern change in Beijing fringe area and its impact on the ecosystem services:A case study in Niulanshan-Mapo town[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(3):750-759(in Chinese)
[8]贾琦,运迎霞,黄焕春.快速城市化背景下天津市城市景观格局时空动态分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(12):14-21Jia Q,Yun Y X,Huang H C.Spatial-temporal dynamic analysis on city landscape pattern of Tianjin on the background of rapid urbanization[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(12):14-21(in Chinese)
[9]焦利民,肖丰涛,许刚,卢延年.武汉都市区绿地破碎化格局对城市扩张的时空响应[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1650-1660Jiao L M,Xiao F T,Xu G,Lu Y N.Spatial-temporal response of green land fragmentation patterns to urban expansion in Wuhan metropolitan area[J].Resources Science,2015,37(8):1650-1660(in Chinese)
[10]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,顾哲衍,唐鹏,张金池.1986-2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245Tong G C,Lin J,Chen H,Gu Z Y,Tang P,Zhang J C.Land use and landscape pattern changes and the driving force factors in Nanjing from 1986to 2013[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(2):240-245(in Chinese)
[11]宫兆宁,张翼然,宫辉力,赵文吉.北京湿地景观格局演变特征与驱动机制分析[J].地理学报,2011,66(1):77-88Gong Z N,Zhang Y R,Gong H L,Zhao W J.Evolution of wetland landscape pattern and its driving factors in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2011,66(1):77-88(in Chinese)
[12]张振明,余新晓,朱建刚,甘敬,王小平,李金海.北京山区森林景观格局特征研究[J].林业资源管理,2010(4):74-78Zhang Z M,Yu X X,Zhu J G,Gan J,Wang X P,Li J H.Research on forest landscape pattern characteristics in Beijing mountainous area[J].Forest Resources Management,2010(4):74-78(in Chinese)
[13]刘萌萌,张振明,刘佳凯,史红,吴永平,王淑琴.北京市自然保护区景观格局分析[J].广东农业科学,2012,39(11):168-170Liu M M,Zhang Z M,Liu J K,Shi H,Wu Y P,Wang S Q.Analysis on nature reserves landscape pattern in Beijing[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2012,39(11):168-170(in Chinese)
[14]岳攀,岳德鹏,于强,李宁.北京市石景山区建设用地景观格局变化分析[J].城市地理,2017(2):64-67Yue P,Yue D P,Yu Q,Li N.Analysis on the Landscape pattern changes of construction land in Shijingshan district of Beijing[J].Global City Geography,2017(2):64-67(in Chinese)
[15]李灿,张凤荣,朱泰峰,曲衍波.大城市边缘区景观破碎化空间异质性:以北京市顺义区为例[J].生态学报,2013,33(17):5363-5374Li C,Zhang F R,Zhu T F,Qu Y B.Analysis on spatialtemporal heterogeneities of landscape fragmentation in urban fringe area:A case study in Shunyi district of Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(17):5363-5374(in Chinese)
[16]国巧真,蒋卫国,李京,陈云浩,易文斌.1985-2006年北京市海淀区城市景观格局演变及驱动因素分析[J].城市环境与城市生态,2008,21(1):18-21Guo Q Z,Jiang W G,Li J,Chen Y H,Yi W B.Evolvement of urban landscape pattern and its driving factors in Haidian district,Beijing from 1985to 2006[J].Urban Environment&Urban Ecology,2008,21(1):18-21(in Chinese)
[17]付刚,肖能文,乔梦萍,齐月,闫冰,刘高慧,高晓奇,李俊生.北京市近二十年景观破碎化格局的时空变化[J].生态学报,2017,37(8):2551-2562Fu G,Xiao N W,Qiao M P,Yan B,Liu G H,Gao X Q,Li J S.Spatial-temporal changes of landscape fragmentation patterns in Beijing in the last two decades[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(8):2551-2562(in Chinese)
[18]齐杨,邬建国,李建龙,于洋,彭福利,孙聪.中国东西部中小城市景观格局及其驱动力[J].生态学报,2013,33(1):275-285Qi Y,Wu J G,Li J L,Yu Y,Peng F L,Sun C.Landscape dynamics of medium-and small sized cities in eastern and western China:A comparative study of pattern and driving forces[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(1):275-285(in Chinese)
[19]阳文锐.北京城市景观格局时空变化及驱动力[J].生态学报,2015,35(13):4357-4366Yang W R.Spatiotemporal change and driving forces of urban landscape pattern in Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(13):4357-4366(in Chinese)
[20]仇江啸,王效科,逯非,欧阳志云,郑华.城市景观破碎化格局与城市化及社会经济发展水平的关系:以北京城区为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2659-2669Qiu J X,Wang X K,Lu F,Ouyang Z Y,Zheng H.The spatial pattern of landscape fragmentation and its relations with urbanization and socio-economic developments:A case study of Beijing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(9):2659-2669(in Chinese)
[21]Peng J,Xie P,Liu Y X,Ma J.Urban thermal environment dynamics and associated landscape pattern factors:A case study in the Beijing metropolitan region[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,173:145-155
[22]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].第二版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000Wu J G.Landscape ecology:Pattern,Process,Scale and Grade[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000(in Chinese)
[23]刘世梁,安南南,尹艺洁,成方妍,董世魁.广西滨海区域景观格局分析及土地利用变化预测[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5915-5923Liu S L,An N N,Yin Y J,Cheng F Y,Dong S K.Landscape pattern analysis and prediction of land-use change in the Guangxi coastal area[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(18):5915-5923(in Chinese)
[24]姚永慧,张百平,罗扬,朱军,岑纲.格网计算法在空间格局分析中的应用:以贵州景观空间格局分析为例[J].地球信息科学,2006,8(1):73-78Yao Y H,Zhang B P,Luo Y,Zhu J,Cen G.The application of grid computing method to the research of spatial pattern:An analysis of karst landscape pattern in Guizhou[J].GeoInformation Science,2006,8(1):73-78(in Chinese)
[25]刘焱序,彭建,王仰麟.城市热岛效应与景观格局的关联:从城市规模、景观组分到空间构型[J].生态学报,2017,37(23):7769-7780Liu Y X,Peng J,Wang Y L.Relationship between urban heat island and landscape patterns:From city size and landscape composition to spatial configuration[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(23):7769-7780(in Chinese)
[26]Peng J,Wang Y L,Zhang Y,Wu J S,Li W F,Li Y.Evaluating the effectiveness of landscape metrics in quantifying spatial patterns[J].Ecological Indicators,2010,10(2):217-223
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