番茄种质资源的多样性和聚类分析
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摘要
为研究番茄种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,以32份番茄种质资源为试材,对其下胚轴颜色、株高、叶片类型、始花期、单花序花数、果形、成熟果色和裂果性等22项主要形态性状进行观测,并以此为依据进行聚类分析。结果表明,不同性状在不同种质之间表现出不同程度的多样性。其中,果形、茎叶茸毛、单花序花数、单花序果数和果实横切面形状的变异系数较高,均超过了40%,也有一些性状的变异系数较低,如花序类型、叶片类型和叶片形状等,下胚轴颜色无变异。聚类分析结果表明,32份番茄种质分为6个类群,类群Ⅰ包括24份材料,其商品果为大果或中果;类群Ⅱ包括2份材料,其商品果为小果,成熟果色为橙黄;类群Ⅲ包括1份材料,其商品果为小果,果形为长梨形;类群Ⅳ包括3份材料,其花序为双歧花序,商品果为小果;类群Ⅴ包括1份材料,其商品果为大果,果形及果实横切面形状均为不规则形状;类群Ⅵ包括1份材料,其植株较高,叶片类型为普通叶型,叶片形状为羽状复叶,商品果为小果。由此可见,32份番茄种质资源存在较大的遗传差异和丰富的多样性,为番茄新品种选育提供了丰富的种质资源基础。
In order to assess the genetic diversity and relationship of tomato germplasm resources, 32 tomato germplasms were used as materials, 22 morphological traits such as hypocotyl color, plant height, leaf type, date of initial blooming, the flower number of single flower inflorescence, fruit shape, mature fruit color and the shape of fruit transverse section were observed in this study. On this basis, the clustering analysis was done. The results showed that there were different extend of diversity on the different tomato germplasms. All the variation coefficients of fruit shape, hairs on the stem leaf, the flower number of single flower inflorescence, the fruit number of single flower inflorescence and fruit cracking were more than 40%.In addition, the variation coefficients of some morphological traits were very low such as the inflorescence types, the leaf type, the leaf shapes and so on. In particular, there is no variation in hypocotyl color. According to the clustering analysis,the 32 tomato germplasms can be divided into 6 groups. Group Ⅰ included 24 materials and had large or medium fruits.Group Ⅱ included 2 materials and had saffron small fruits. Group Ⅲ included 1 material with long pear-shaped small fruits. Group Ⅳ included 3 materials with the bifid inflorescence and small fruits. Group Ⅴ included 1 material with the irregular shape large fruits. Group Ⅵ included 1 material with the high plant, ordinary leaf, pinnately compound leaf and small fruits. Thus it suggested that there are distinct genetic diversity in the tomato germplasms, which provide plenty substance basic for choosing the new tomato variety.
In order to assess the genetic diversity and relationship of tomato germplasm resources, 32 tomato germplasms were used as materials, 22 morphological traits such as hypocotyl color, plant height, leaf type, date of initial blooming, the flower number of single flower inflorescence, fruit shape, mature fruit color and the shape of fruit transverse section were observed in this study. On this basis, the clustering analysis was done. The results showed that there were different extend of diversity on the different tomato germplasms. All the variation coefficients of fruit shape, hairs on the stem leaf, the flower number of single flower inflorescence, the fruit number of single flower inflorescence and fruit cracking were more than 40%.In addition, the variation coefficients of some morphological traits were very low such as the inflorescence types, the leaf type, the leaf shapes and so on. In particular, there is no variation in hypocotyl color. According to the clustering analysis,the 32 tomato germplasms can be divided into 6 groups. Group Ⅰ included 24 materials and had large or medium fruits.Group Ⅱ included 2 materials and had saffron small fruits. Group Ⅲ included 1 material with long pear-shaped small fruits. Group Ⅳ included 3 materials with the bifid inflorescence and small fruits. Group Ⅴ included 1 material with the irregular shape large fruits. Group Ⅵ included 1 material with the high plant, ordinary leaf, pinnately compound leaf and small fruits. Thus it suggested that there are distinct genetic diversity in the tomato germplasms, which provide plenty substance basic for choosing the new tomato variety.
引文
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[15]郭爽,张素平,丘漫宇,等.樱桃番茄种质资源亲缘关系的In Del和SSR标记分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(8):1464-1468.
[16]王日升,李杨瑞,黄伟雄,等.利用SSR标记鉴定番茄种质资源[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(12):2426-2430.
[17]张洪溢,余诞年,王锐萍,等.番茄种质资源遗传多样性分析与RAPD应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(2):151-156.
[18]张晓烜,许向阳,王傲雪,等.番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].北方园艺,2011(13):115-118.
[19]温庆放,朱海生,林义章,等.樱桃番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].福建农业学报,2006,21(1):59-62.
[20]丘漫宇,张素平,郭爽,等.番茄种质资源亲缘关系的SSR分析[J].中国蔬菜,2012(24):39-42.
[21]胡小荣,陶梅,周红立.番茄种质资源遗传多样性研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2008(5):6-8.
[22]李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:3-60.
[2]张前荣.番茄种质资源鉴定评价[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.
[3]孙亚东,梁燕,吴江敏,等.番茄种质资源的遗传多样性和聚类分析[J].西北农业学报,2009,18(5):297-301.
[4]吴丽艳,龚亚菊,黎志彬,等.樱桃番茄种质资源果实相关性状的多元统计分析[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(5):1818-1822.
[5]刘维侠,曹振木,党选民,等.番茄种质资源生物学性状的初步观察与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008(01):110-114.
[6]田启建,赵致,叶玉龙.14份国外番茄种质资源综合性状评价[J].种子,2008(3):51-54.
[7]李军,刘凤军.樱桃番茄种质资源的果实及果穗性状遗传多样性[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(12):180-183.
[8]邓红山,但忠,木万福,等.番茄种质资源主要生物学性状观察与评价[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(6):50-53.
[9]龚亚菊,吴丽艳,黎志彬,等.大果番茄种质资源的遗传多样性和聚类分析[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(6):2447-2450.
[10]许霞,杨建平.番茄花粉形态特征及其演化、分类的探讨[J].西北农业学报,2003,12(1):53-56.
[11]傅振清,赵扬,李彩霞,等.番茄种属间过氧化物酶同工酶研究[J].石河子农学院学报,1995(4):31-34.
[12]文方德,李卓杰,傅家瑞.用ACP及ADH同工酶等电聚焦快速鉴定番茄杂种纯度[J].园艺学报,1996,23(2):202-204.
[13]刘海学,麻建丽,张振刚.3个品种番茄过氧化物酶同工酶的研究[J].哲里木畜牧学院学报,1999(2):43-44.
[14]王柏柯,杨生保,余庆辉,等.加工番茄种质资源的SSR分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(1):196-200.
[15]郭爽,张素平,丘漫宇,等.樱桃番茄种质资源亲缘关系的In Del和SSR标记分析[J].热带作物学报,2014,35(8):1464-1468.
[16]王日升,李杨瑞,黄伟雄,等.利用SSR标记鉴定番茄种质资源[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(12):2426-2430.
[17]张洪溢,余诞年,王锐萍,等.番茄种质资源遗传多样性分析与RAPD应用[J].植物遗传资源学报,2003,4(2):151-156.
[18]张晓烜,许向阳,王傲雪,等.番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].北方园艺,2011(13):115-118.
[19]温庆放,朱海生,林义章,等.樱桃番茄种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].福建农业学报,2006,21(1):59-62.
[20]丘漫宇,张素平,郭爽,等.番茄种质资源亲缘关系的SSR分析[J].中国蔬菜,2012(24):39-42.
[21]胡小荣,陶梅,周红立.番茄种质资源遗传多样性研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2008(5):6-8.
[22]李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:3-60.
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