100份番茄种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析
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摘要
番茄种质资源遗传多样性的研究是番茄育种的重要基础。本研究对收集的100份番茄种质资源材料进行遗传多样性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,不同性状在不同材料之间表现出不同程度的多样性。其中,质量性状中遗传多样性指数(H′)的变化范围为0.34～1.52,花序类型的H′最高,为1.52,数量性状中H′最高的是果梗洼大小和单果种子数,均为2.06;提取的9个主成分累计贡献率达到67.72%,第一、二主成分主要反映植株的生长状态和果实的外观形态,第三、四主成分分别反映果实因子和植株长势,第五、六主成分主要与果实熟性和品质有关。通过聚类分析将供试材料在欧氏距离为0.91处聚为Ⅴ类,其中第Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群可以作为培育高品质番茄的种质材料,第Ⅲ类群遗传改良潜力较大,第Ⅳ类群可以为今后选育不同利用价值的番茄品种提供宝贵材料,第Ⅴ类群是优良的种质资源。
The study of genetic diversity of tomato germplasm resources is an important basis for tomato breeding. Genetic diversity, principal componentand cluster analysis to 100 tomato germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that different traits showed varied degrees of diversity in different materials. Among them, the genetic diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.34-1.52, and the inflorescence type had the highest genetic diversity index of 1.52. The highest genetic diversity index among quantitative traits was the size of fruit stalks and the seeds number of single fruit both of which were 2.06. The cumulative contribution rate of the nine principal components extracted reached 67.72%. The first and second principal components mainly reflected the growth state of the plant and the appearance of the fruit. The third and fourth principal components reflected the fruit factor and plant growth respectively.The fifth and sixth principal components were mainly related to fruit ripeness and quality. By cluster analysis, the tested materials were grouped into Ⅴ class at Euclidean distance of 0.91. Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ could be used as germplasm materials for cultivating high-quality tomato varieties. Group Ⅲ had greater potential for genetic improvement. Group Ⅳ could provide valuable materials for breeding tomato varieties with different utilization values in the future, and the Ⅴ group was an excellent germplasm resource.
The study of genetic diversity of tomato germplasm resources is an important basis for tomato breeding. Genetic diversity, principal componentand cluster analysis to 100 tomato germplasm resources were carried out in this study. The results showed that different traits showed varied degrees of diversity in different materials. Among them, the genetic diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.34-1.52, and the inflorescence type had the highest genetic diversity index of 1.52. The highest genetic diversity index among quantitative traits was the size of fruit stalks and the seeds number of single fruit both of which were 2.06. The cumulative contribution rate of the nine principal components extracted reached 67.72%. The first and second principal components mainly reflected the growth state of the plant and the appearance of the fruit. The third and fourth principal components reflected the fruit factor and plant growth respectively.The fifth and sixth principal components were mainly related to fruit ripeness and quality. By cluster analysis, the tested materials were grouped into Ⅴ class at Euclidean distance of 0.91. Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ could be used as germplasm materials for cultivating high-quality tomato varieties. Group Ⅲ had greater potential for genetic improvement. Group Ⅳ could provide valuable materials for breeding tomato varieties with different utilization values in the future, and the Ⅴ group was an excellent germplasm resource.
引文
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[10] 刘维侠,曹振木,党选民,等.番茄种质资源生物学性状的初步观察与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(1):110-114. LIU W X,CAO ZH M,DANG X M,et al.Preliminary observation and evaluation of biological characteristics of tomato germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2008,9(1):110-114.
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[14] 张静,白瑞,贾莹,等.番茄种质资源的多样性和聚类分析[J].中国瓜菜,2018,31(2):11-14. ZHANG J,BAI R,JIA Y,et al.Diversity and cluster analysis of tomato germplasm resources[J].Melon and Vegetable of China,2018,31(2):11-14.
[15] 王娇阳,赵永彬,冯春梅.浙江省丝瓜种质资源主成分分析和聚类分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(6):1374-1379. WANG J Y,ZHAO Y B,FENG CH M.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of Luffa germplasm resources in Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(6):1374-1379.
[16] 苗锦山,刘彩霞,戴振建,等.葱种质资源数量性状的聚类分析、相关性和主成分分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(3):41-49. MIAO J SH,LIU C X,DAI ZH J,et al.Cluster analysis,correlation and principal component analysis of quantitative characters of onion germplasm resources [J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2010,15(3):41-49.
[17] 胡延吉,赵檀方.小麦农艺性状主成分分析与种质资源评价的研究[J].作物研究,1994(2):31-34. HU Y J,ZHAO T F.Study on principal component analysis of agronomic characters and germplasm resources evaluation of wheat [J].Crop Research,1994(2):31-34.
[18] 李春花,王艳青,卢文洁,等.云南薏苡种质资源农艺性状的主成分和聚类分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):277-281,287. LI CH H,WANG Y Q,LU W J,et al.Principal component and cluster analysis of agronomic traits of Yunnan alfalfa germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(2):277-281,287.
[19] 张向前,刘景辉,齐冰洁,等.燕麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(2):168-174. ZHANG X Q,LIU J H,QI B J,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic characters of oat germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2010,11(2):168-174.
[20] 李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006. LI X X,DU Y CH.Description Standard and Data Standard of Tomato Germplasm [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[21] 孙珍珠,李秋月,王小柯,等.宽皮柑橘种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(22):4362-4383. SUN ZH ZH,LI Q Y,WANG X K,et al.Study on phenotypic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of broad-skin citrus germplasm resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(22):4362-4383.
[22] 芮文婧,王晓敏,张倩男,等.番茄353份种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].园艺学报,2018,45(3):561-570. RUI W J,WANG X M,ZHANG Q N,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of 353 phenotypic traits in tomato germplasm resources[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(3):561-570.
[23] 李春侨,周龙,陆彪,等.天山樱桃种质资源表型多样性研究[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(1):91-97. LI CH Q,ZH L,LU B,et al.Study on phenotypic diversity of Tianshan cherry germplasm resources[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(1):91-97.
[24] 周蓉,蒋芳玲,梁梅,等.基于表型性状的番茄品种评价和遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(9):95-102. ZHOU R,JIANG F L,LIANG M,et al.Evaluation and genetic diversity of tomato varieties based on phenotypic traits[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(9):95-102.
[25] 金凤媚,薛俊,夏时云,等.SSR标记技术在番茄遗传育种上的应用[J].天津农业科学,2004,10(4):13-17. JIN F M,XUE J,XIA SH Y,et al.Application of SSR markers in tomato genetic breeding [J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2004,10(4):13-17.
[2] 胡小荣,陶梅,周红立.番茄种质资源遗传多样性研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2008(5):6-8. HU X R,TAO M,ZHOU H L.Advances in genetic diversity of tomato germplasm resources [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2008(5):6-8.
[3] 龚亚菊,吴丽艳,黎志彬,等.大果番茄种质资源的遗传多样性和聚类分析[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(6):2447-2450. GONG Y J,WU L Y,LI ZH B,et al.Genetic diversity and cluster analysis of large fruit tomato germplasm resources [J].Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2013,26(6):2447-2450.
[4] HE C,POYSA V,YU K.Development and characterization of simple sequence repeat(SSR)markers and their use indetermining relationships among Lycopersicon esculentum cultivars[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2003,106(2):363-373.
[5] WANG B H,CHEE P W.Application of advanced backcross quantitative trait locus(QTL) analysis in crop improvement [J].Plant Breed Crop Science,2010,2(8):221-232.
[6] ESHED Y,ZAMIR D.A genomic library of Lycopersicon pennelliiin L.esculentum:A tool for fine.mapping of genes [J].Euphytica,1994,79:175-179.
[7] 张永平,朱为民,崔辉梅.番茄种质资源分类和品种鉴定研究进展[J].长江蔬菜,2006(12):26-29. ZHANG Y P,ZHU W M,CUI H M. Advances in classification and variety identification of tomato germplasm resources[J].Changjiang Vegetable,2006(12):26-29.
[8] 李晓蕾,李景富,康立功,等.番茄品质遗传及育种研究进展[J].中国蔬菜,2010(14):1-7. LI X L,LI J F,KANG L G,et al.Advances in quality heredity and breeding of tomato [J].Chinese Vegetable,2010(14):1-7.
[9] 邓红山,但忠,木万福,等.番茄种质资源主要生物学性状观察与评价[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(6):50-53. DENG H SH,DAN ZH,MU W F,et al.Observation and evaluation of main biological characteristics of tomato germplasm resources[J].Tropical Agricultural Sciences,2016,36(6):50-53.
[10] 刘维侠,曹振木,党选民,等.番茄种质资源生物学性状的初步观察与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2008,9(1):110-114. LIU W X,CAO ZH M,DANG X M,et al.Preliminary observation and evaluation of biological characteristics of tomato germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2008,9(1):110-114.
[11] 王晓静.番茄种质资源品质性状遗传多样性研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010. WANG X J.Genetic diversity of quality traits in tomato germplasm [D].Yangling Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2010.
[12] 史艳艳,米国全,王裔娜,等.小果型番茄种质重要品质性状的筛选与评价[J].中国瓜菜,2018,31(4):10-15. SHI Y Y,MI G Q,WANG Y N,et al.Screening and evaluation of important quality traits of small fruit tomato germplasm [J].Melon and Vegetable of China,2018,31(4):10-15.
[13] 薛俊,夏时云,张要武,等.番茄品质性状的遗传多样性研究[J].华北农学报,2004,19(4):7-10. XUE J,XIA SH Y,ZHANG Y W,et al.Study on genetic diversity of tomato quality traits[J].Acta Agrigulturae Boreali-sinica,2004,19(4):7-10.
[14] 张静,白瑞,贾莹,等.番茄种质资源的多样性和聚类分析[J].中国瓜菜,2018,31(2):11-14. ZHANG J,BAI R,JIA Y,et al.Diversity and cluster analysis of tomato germplasm resources[J].Melon and Vegetable of China,2018,31(2):11-14.
[15] 王娇阳,赵永彬,冯春梅.浙江省丝瓜种质资源主成分分析和聚类分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,15(6):1374-1379. WANG J Y,ZHAO Y B,FENG CH M.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis of Luffa germplasm resources in Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2014,15(6):1374-1379.
[16] 苗锦山,刘彩霞,戴振建,等.葱种质资源数量性状的聚类分析、相关性和主成分分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(3):41-49. MIAO J SH,LIU C X,DAI ZH J,et al.Cluster analysis,correlation and principal component analysis of quantitative characters of onion germplasm resources [J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2010,15(3):41-49.
[17] 胡延吉,赵檀方.小麦农艺性状主成分分析与种质资源评价的研究[J].作物研究,1994(2):31-34. HU Y J,ZHAO T F.Study on principal component analysis of agronomic characters and germplasm resources evaluation of wheat [J].Crop Research,1994(2):31-34.
[18] 李春花,王艳青,卢文洁,等.云南薏苡种质资源农艺性状的主成分和聚类分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(2):277-281,287. LI CH H,WANG Y Q,LU W J,et al.Principal component and cluster analysis of agronomic traits of Yunnan alfalfa germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2015,16(2):277-281,287.
[19] 张向前,刘景辉,齐冰洁,等.燕麦种质资源主要农艺性状的遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(2):168-174. ZHANG X Q,LIU J H,QI B J,et al.Genetic diversity analysis of main agronomic characters of oat germplasm resources [J].Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2010,11(2):168-174.
[20] 李锡香,杜永臣.番茄种质资源描述规范和数据标准[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006. LI X X,DU Y CH.Description Standard and Data Standard of Tomato Germplasm [M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2006.
[21] 孙珍珠,李秋月,王小柯,等.宽皮柑橘种质资源表型多样性分析及综合评价[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(22):4362-4383. SUN ZH ZH,LI Q Y,WANG X K,et al.Study on phenotypic diversity and comprehensive evaluation of broad-skin citrus germplasm resources[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(22):4362-4383.
[22] 芮文婧,王晓敏,张倩男,等.番茄353份种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析[J].园艺学报,2018,45(3):561-570. RUI W J,WANG X M,ZHANG Q N,et al.Analysis of genetic diversity of 353 phenotypic traits in tomato germplasm resources[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2018,45(3):561-570.
[23] 李春侨,周龙,陆彪,等.天山樱桃种质资源表型多样性研究[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(1):91-97. LI CH Q,ZH L,LU B,et al.Study on phenotypic diversity of Tianshan cherry germplasm resources[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2018,27(1):91-97.
[24] 周蓉,蒋芳玲,梁梅,等.基于表型性状的番茄品种评价和遗传多样性分析[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(9):95-102. ZHOU R,JIANG F L,LIANG M,et al.Evaluation and genetic diversity of tomato varieties based on phenotypic traits[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(9):95-102.
[25] 金凤媚,薛俊,夏时云,等.SSR标记技术在番茄遗传育种上的应用[J].天津农业科学,2004,10(4):13-17. JIN F M,XUE J,XIA SH Y,et al.Application of SSR markers in tomato genetic breeding [J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2004,10(4):13-17.
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