降雨诱发膨胀土边坡渐进破坏研究
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摘要
膨胀变形是膨胀土边坡失稳破坏的重要因素之一,研究分析降雨诱发膨胀土边坡渐进破坏过程具有重要的实践意义。基于膨胀应变与基质吸力增量的线性关系,将膨胀性引入非饱和流固耦合模型当中,建立一种适用于膨胀土工程的非饱和渗流场–应力场–膨胀应变场多场耦合数值计算方法。结合应变软化模型,分析单次降雨诱发下膨胀土边坡入渗过程以及边坡渐进破坏全过程。结果表明,非饱和膨胀土边坡在单次降雨诱发后,坡体发生以坡脚为起始逐渐向坡顶扩展的破坏,具有明显的时间延后性、多层逐级后退式的特点。膨胀土的膨胀性、强度参数对坡体破坏形式具有显著的影响,膨胀土边坡破坏既保留了一般黏性土的共性也呈现出干缩湿胀的特殊性。
The expansive deformation caused by rainfall is one of important factors for the failure of expansive soil slopes. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the progressive failure process of expansive soil slopes under rainfall. Based on the linear relationship between expansion strain and matrix suction increment, a numerical analysis method for multi-field coupling of unsaturated seepage, stress and expansion strain fields is proposed. Based on the strain-softening model, the infiltration process of an expansive soil slope induced by single rainfall and the complete process of its progressive failure are presented. The results show that the progressive failure of the unsaturated expansive soil slope occurs at the foot of the slope and extends gradually to the top. It has the characteristics of time delay, multistage and retrogression. The expansive and strength parameters of expansive soils have significant influences on the failure form of the slope. The failure of expansive soil slopes retains the commonness of the general cohesive soils and presents the particularity of dry shrinkage and wet expansion.
The expansive deformation caused by rainfall is one of important factors for the failure of expansive soil slopes. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to analyze the progressive failure process of expansive soil slopes under rainfall. Based on the linear relationship between expansion strain and matrix suction increment, a numerical analysis method for multi-field coupling of unsaturated seepage, stress and expansion strain fields is proposed. Based on the strain-softening model, the infiltration process of an expansive soil slope induced by single rainfall and the complete process of its progressive failure are presented. The results show that the progressive failure of the unsaturated expansive soil slope occurs at the foot of the slope and extends gradually to the top. It has the characteristics of time delay, multistage and retrogression. The expansive and strength parameters of expansive soils have significant influences on the failure form of the slope. The failure of expansive soil slopes retains the commonness of the general cohesive soils and presents the particularity of dry shrinkage and wet expansion.
引文
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[6]谢瑾荣,周翠英,程晔.降雨条件下软岩边坡渗流-软化分析方法及其灾变机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(1):197-203.(XIE Jin-rong,ZHOU Cui-ying,CHENG Ye.Method of seepage-softening analysis and disaster mechanism in soft rock slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(1):197-203.(in Chinese))
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[8]QI S,VANAPALLI S K.Hydro-mechanical coupling effect on surficial layer stability of unsaturated expansive soil slopes[J].Computers&Geotechnics,2015,70:68-82.
[9]龚壁卫,程展林,郭熙灵,等.南水北调中线膨胀土工程问题研究与进展[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(10):134-140.(GONG Bi-wei,CHENG Zhan-ling,GUO Xi-ling,et al.Research progress on the stability of expansive soil slope in the middle route of south-to-north water diversion project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(10):134-140.(in Chinese))
[10]程展林,李青云,郭熙灵,等.膨胀土边坡稳定性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(10):102-111.(CHENGZhan-lin,LI Qing-yun,GUO Xi-ling,et al.Study on the stability of expansive soil slope[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(10):102-111.(in Chinese))
[11]程永辉,程展林,张元斌.降雨条件下膨胀土边坡失稳机理的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增刊1):416-421.(CHENG Yong-hui,CHENG Zhan-lin,ZHANG Yuan-bin.Centrifugal model tests on expansive soil slope under rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(S1):416-421.(in Chinese))
[12]REGMI R K,JUNG K,NAKAGAWA H,et al.Study on mechanism of retrogressive slope failure using artificial rainfall[J].Catena,2014,122(12):27-41.
[13]詹良通,吴宏伟,包承纲,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和膨胀土边坡原位监测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(2):151-158.(ZHAN Liang-tong,NG W C,BAO Cheng-gang,et al.Artificial rainfall infiltration tests on a well-instrumented unsaturated expansive soil slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(2):151-158.(in Chinese))
[14]KHAN M S,HOSSAIN S,AHMED A,et al.Investigation of a shallow slope failure on expansive clay in Texas[J].Engineering Geology,2016,219:118-129.
[15]黄斌,程展林,徐晗.膨胀土膨胀模型及边坡工程应用研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(12):3550-3555.(HUANGBin,CHEN Zhan-lin,XU Han.Expansion model of expansive soil and its application to slope engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(12):3550-3555.(in Chinese))
[16]WANG B,VARDON P,HICKS M.Preliminary analysis of rainfall-induced slope failures using the material point method[C]//Proceeding of the 12th International Symposium on Land Slides.Naples,2016.
[17]丁金华,陈仁朋,童军,等.基于多场耦合数值分析的膨胀土边坡浅层膨胀变形破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊1):159-168.(DING Jin-hua,CHEN Ren-peng,TONG Jun,et al.Research on failure mechanism of shallow instability of expansive soil slope based on multifield coupling numerical analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(S1):159-168.(in Chinese))
[18]HUDER J,AMBERG G.Quellung in mergel,opalinuston und anhydrit[J].Schweizerische Bauzeitung,1970,88(43):975-980.(HUDER J,AMBERG G.Swelling in mcnl,opalinus clay and anhydrite[J].Schweizerische Bauzeitung,1970,88(43):975-980.(in German))
[19]左清军,陈可,谈云志,等.基于时间效应的富水泥质板岩隧道围岩膨胀本构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1357-1364.(ZUO Qing-jun,CHEN Ke,TANYun-zhi,et al.A time-dependent constitutive model of the water-rich argillaceous slate surrounding a tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1357-1364.(in Chinese))
[20]ALONSO E E,VAUNAT J,GENS A.Modelling the mechanical behaviour of expansive clays[J].Engineering Geology,1999,54(1/2):173-183.
[21]李舰,赵成刚,黄启迪.膨胀性非饱和土的双尺度毛细-弹塑性变形耦合模型[J].岩土工程学报,2012,33(11):2127-2133.(LI Jian,ZHAO Cheng-gang,HUANG Qi-di.Constitutive modeling with double-scale pore structure for coupling of capillary hysteresis and stress-strain behaviours in unsaturated expansive soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,33(11):2127-2133.(in Chinese))
[22]李吴刚,杨庆,刘文化,等.基于SFG模型的非饱和膨胀土本构模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(8):1449-1453.(LI Wu-gang,YANG Qing,LIU Wen-hua,et al.Constitutive model for unsaturated expansive clays based on SFG model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(8):1449-1453.(in Chinese))
[23]缪协兴,杨成永,陈至达.膨胀岩体中的湿度应力场理论[J].岩土力学,1993,14(4):49-55.(MIAO Xie-xing,YANG Cheng-yong,CHEN Zhi-da.Humidity stress field theory in swelling rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1993,14(4):49-55.(in Chinese))
[24]王凯,刁心宏.膨胀岩湿度应力场本构模型二次开发研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3781-3792.(WANG Kai,DIAO Xin-hong.Secondary development study of swelling rock humidity stress field constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):3781-3792.(in Chinese))
[25]路德春,杜修力,许成顺.有效应力原理解析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增刊1):146-151.(LU De-chun,DUXiu-li,XU Cheng-shun.Analytical solutions to principle of effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S1):146-151.(in Chinese))
[26]SINGH R,FRANZINI J B.Unsteady flow in unsaturated soils from a cylindrical source of finite radius[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1967,72(4):1207-1215.
[27]CHANG C S.Analysis of consolidation of earth and rockfill dams[D].Berkeley:University of California,1976.
[28]VANAPALLI S K,FREDLUND D G,PUFAHL D E,et al.Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(3):379-392.
[2]康卫东,杨小荟,张俊义,等.安康罗家梁膨胀土滑坡特征与成因分析[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1):91-94.(KAN Wei-dong,YANG Xiao-hui,ZHANG Jun-yi,et al.Landslip characteristic and its genesis of expansive soil in Luojialiang,Ankang Area[J].Journal of Northwest University(Nature Science Edition),2007(1):38-40.(in Chinese))
[3]卫军,谢海洋,李小对,等.基于非饱和土理论的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(4):38-40.(WEI Jun,XIE Hai-yang,LI Xiao-dui,et al.Analysis of the stability of the expansive soils slope based on unsaturated soil theory[J].J Huazhong Univ Sci&Tech(Nature Science Edition),2004,32(4):38-40.(in Chinese))
[4]刘义高,周玉峰,郑健龙.增湿条件下膨胀土路堑边坡稳定性数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(12):1870-1875.(LIU Yi-gao,ZHOU Yu-feng,ZHENG Jian-long.Numerical analysis of cutting slope stability in expensive soils considering water-increased state[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(12):1870-1875.(in Chinese))
[5]王一兆,隋耀华.降雨入渗对边坡浅层稳定性的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(4):122-125.(WANG Yi-zhao,SUI Yao-hua.Influence of rainfall infiltration on slope stability at shallow layer[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2007,34(4):122-125.(in Chinese))
[6]谢瑾荣,周翠英,程晔.降雨条件下软岩边坡渗流-软化分析方法及其灾变机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(1):197-203.(XIE Jin-rong,ZHOU Cui-ying,CHENG Ye.Method of seepage-softening analysis and disaster mechanism in soft rock slope under rainfall[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(1):197-203.(in Chinese))
[7]徐晗,饶锡保,汪明元.降雨条件下膨胀岩边坡失稳数值模拟研究[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(11):52-57.(XU Han,RAO Xi-bao,WANG Ming-yuan.Numerical simulation on failure mechanism of expansive rock slope under rainfall[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2009,26(11):52-57.(in Chinese))
[8]QI S,VANAPALLI S K.Hydro-mechanical coupling effect on surficial layer stability of unsaturated expansive soil slopes[J].Computers&Geotechnics,2015,70:68-82.
[9]龚壁卫,程展林,郭熙灵,等.南水北调中线膨胀土工程问题研究与进展[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(10):134-140.(GONG Bi-wei,CHENG Zhan-ling,GUO Xi-ling,et al.Research progress on the stability of expansive soil slope in the middle route of south-to-north water diversion project[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(10):134-140.(in Chinese))
[10]程展林,李青云,郭熙灵,等.膨胀土边坡稳定性研究[J].长江科学院院报,2011,28(10):102-111.(CHENGZhan-lin,LI Qing-yun,GUO Xi-ling,et al.Study on the stability of expansive soil slope[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2011,28(10):102-111.(in Chinese))
[11]程永辉,程展林,张元斌.降雨条件下膨胀土边坡失稳机理的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(增刊1):416-421.(CHENG Yong-hui,CHENG Zhan-lin,ZHANG Yuan-bin.Centrifugal model tests on expansive soil slope under rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2011,33(S1):416-421.(in Chinese))
[12]REGMI R K,JUNG K,NAKAGAWA H,et al.Study on mechanism of retrogressive slope failure using artificial rainfall[J].Catena,2014,122(12):27-41.
[13]詹良通,吴宏伟,包承纲,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和膨胀土边坡原位监测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(2):151-158.(ZHAN Liang-tong,NG W C,BAO Cheng-gang,et al.Artificial rainfall infiltration tests on a well-instrumented unsaturated expansive soil slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(2):151-158.(in Chinese))
[14]KHAN M S,HOSSAIN S,AHMED A,et al.Investigation of a shallow slope failure on expansive clay in Texas[J].Engineering Geology,2016,219:118-129.
[15]黄斌,程展林,徐晗.膨胀土膨胀模型及边坡工程应用研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(12):3550-3555.(HUANGBin,CHEN Zhan-lin,XU Han.Expansion model of expansive soil and its application to slope engineering[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(12):3550-3555.(in Chinese))
[16]WANG B,VARDON P,HICKS M.Preliminary analysis of rainfall-induced slope failures using the material point method[C]//Proceeding of the 12th International Symposium on Land Slides.Naples,2016.
[17]丁金华,陈仁朋,童军,等.基于多场耦合数值分析的膨胀土边坡浅层膨胀变形破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2015,36(增刊1):159-168.(DING Jin-hua,CHEN Ren-peng,TONG Jun,et al.Research on failure mechanism of shallow instability of expansive soil slope based on multifield coupling numerical analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(S1):159-168.(in Chinese))
[18]HUDER J,AMBERG G.Quellung in mergel,opalinuston und anhydrit[J].Schweizerische Bauzeitung,1970,88(43):975-980.(HUDER J,AMBERG G.Swelling in mcnl,opalinus clay and anhydrite[J].Schweizerische Bauzeitung,1970,88(43):975-980.(in German))
[19]左清军,陈可,谈云志,等.基于时间效应的富水泥质板岩隧道围岩膨胀本构模型研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1357-1364.(ZUO Qing-jun,CHEN Ke,TANYun-zhi,et al.A time-dependent constitutive model of the water-rich argillaceous slate surrounding a tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(5):1357-1364.(in Chinese))
[20]ALONSO E E,VAUNAT J,GENS A.Modelling the mechanical behaviour of expansive clays[J].Engineering Geology,1999,54(1/2):173-183.
[21]李舰,赵成刚,黄启迪.膨胀性非饱和土的双尺度毛细-弹塑性变形耦合模型[J].岩土工程学报,2012,33(11):2127-2133.(LI Jian,ZHAO Cheng-gang,HUANG Qi-di.Constitutive modeling with double-scale pore structure for coupling of capillary hysteresis and stress-strain behaviours in unsaturated expansive soils[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,33(11):2127-2133.(in Chinese))
[22]李吴刚,杨庆,刘文化,等.基于SFG模型的非饱和膨胀土本构模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(8):1449-1453.(LI Wu-gang,YANG Qing,LIU Wen-hua,et al.Constitutive model for unsaturated expansive clays based on SFG model[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(8):1449-1453.(in Chinese))
[23]缪协兴,杨成永,陈至达.膨胀岩体中的湿度应力场理论[J].岩土力学,1993,14(4):49-55.(MIAO Xie-xing,YANG Cheng-yong,CHEN Zhi-da.Humidity stress field theory in swelling rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1993,14(4):49-55.(in Chinese))
[24]王凯,刁心宏.膨胀岩湿度应力场本构模型二次开发研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊2):3781-3792.(WANG Kai,DIAO Xin-hong.Secondary development study of swelling rock humidity stress field constitutive model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):3781-3792.(in Chinese))
[25]路德春,杜修力,许成顺.有效应力原理解析[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(增刊1):146-151.(LU De-chun,DUXiu-li,XU Cheng-shun.Analytical solutions to principle of effective stress[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(S1):146-151.(in Chinese))
[26]SINGH R,FRANZINI J B.Unsteady flow in unsaturated soils from a cylindrical source of finite radius[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1967,72(4):1207-1215.
[27]CHANG C S.Analysis of consolidation of earth and rockfill dams[D].Berkeley:University of California,1976.
[28]VANAPALLI S K,FREDLUND D G,PUFAHL D E,et al.Model for the prediction of shear strength with respect to soil suction[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1996,33(3):379-392.