园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥用于金盏菊育苗的研究
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摘要
在添加珍珠岩和蛭石体积比(各占育苗基质10%)不变的条件下,以泥炭作金盏菊育苗基质主要材料为对照(T0),将园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥用于金盏菊育苗,并且按照V(园林废弃物堆肥)∶V(牛粪有机肥)=4∶0(T1)、3∶1(T2)、2∶2(T3)、1∶3(T4)和0∶4(T5)配制育苗基质,以期筛选出适合金盏菊的新型育苗基质,达到减少或完全替代泥炭的目的,增加园林废弃物堆肥在花卉无土栽培领域中的应用。采用室内实验指标测定和温室育苗试验相结合的方式,通过对6种育苗基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙、通气孔隙、pH值、电导率(EC值)、全N、速效P和速效K等9个指标的测定与分析,探讨了不同育苗基质理化性质的差异及其对金盏菊出苗的影响。通过为期15 d的金盏菊育苗试验,得出不同处理育苗基质对金盏菊出苗率的促进作用由大到小依次为T1>T3>T2>T4>T5>T0。园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥可替代泥炭可作为金盏菊的育苗基质,其中T1处理(10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石+80%园林废弃物堆肥)最有利于金盏菊的出苗,出苗率可达81.7%;其次是T3处理(10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石+40%园林废弃物堆肥+40%牛粪有机肥)的出苗率达73.3%。
In order to screen out a new nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of Calendula officinalis,to reduce or completely replace peat,and to increase the application of green waste compost in the field of soilless cultivation,in this study,peat(T0,with 10% perlite+10% vermiculite as a control),green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer were used as the main substrates.Under the condition of constant volume of perlite and vermiculite,the nursery substrate was prepared according to V(green waste compost)∶V(cow manure organic fertilizer)=4∶0(T1),3∶1(T2),2∶2(T3),1∶3(T4) and 0∶4(T5) for growing seedlings of C.officinalis.The study was carried out by indoor laboratory index determination and greenhouse seedling test.The differences of physical and chemical properties of different nursery substrates and their effects on seedling emergence were studied by measuring and analyzing the 9 indexes of six nursery substrates,such as bulk density,total porosity,water holding porosity,aeration porosity,pH value,electric conductivity,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The experiment lasted for 15 days.It was showed that the seedling emergence rate was promoted by different nursery substrate in the order of T1>T3>T2>T4>T5>T0,indicating that the green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer could replace peat as nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of C.officinalis.The study showed that T1(10% perlite+10% vermiculite+80% green waste compost) was most suitable for the germination of C.officinalis,the seedling emergence rate was 81.7%; followed by T3(10% perlite+10% vermiculite+40% green waste compost+40% cow manure organic fertilizer),the seedling emergence rate was 73.3%.
In order to screen out a new nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of Calendula officinalis,to reduce or completely replace peat,and to increase the application of green waste compost in the field of soilless cultivation,in this study,peat(T0,with 10% perlite+10% vermiculite as a control),green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer were used as the main substrates.Under the condition of constant volume of perlite and vermiculite,the nursery substrate was prepared according to V(green waste compost)∶V(cow manure organic fertilizer)=4∶0(T1),3∶1(T2),2∶2(T3),1∶3(T4) and 0∶4(T5) for growing seedlings of C.officinalis.The study was carried out by indoor laboratory index determination and greenhouse seedling test.The differences of physical and chemical properties of different nursery substrates and their effects on seedling emergence were studied by measuring and analyzing the 9 indexes of six nursery substrates,such as bulk density,total porosity,water holding porosity,aeration porosity,pH value,electric conductivity,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The experiment lasted for 15 days.It was showed that the seedling emergence rate was promoted by different nursery substrate in the order of T1>T3>T2>T4>T5>T0,indicating that the green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer could replace peat as nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of C.officinalis.The study showed that T1(10% perlite+10% vermiculite+80% green waste compost) was most suitable for the germination of C.officinalis,the seedling emergence rate was 81.7%; followed by T3(10% perlite+10% vermiculite+40% green waste compost+40% cow manure organic fertilizer),the seedling emergence rate was 73.3%.
引文
[1] 朱亚菲,刘冰,李云瞻.金盏菊栽培技术[J].中国农业信息,2015(9):29-30.
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[10] 吉向平,孙乐帆,邓新兵,等.应用堆肥产品调配育苗基质的性状及花卉育苗试验[J].海南热带海洋学院学报,2017,24(2):85-90.JI X P,SUN L F,DENG X B,et al.Deployment of substrate properties via compost product and flower seedlings growing test[J].Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University,2017,24(2):85-90.(in Chinese)
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[12] 潘林,祝亚云,蒋泽平,等.添加园林废弃物堆肥基质对栓皮栎容器苗生长的影响[J].江苏林业科技,2018,45(1):28-31,53.PAN L,ZHU Y Y,JIANG Z P,et al.Effect of green waste compost substrate on containerized Quercus variabilis seedling growth[J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology,2018,45(1):28-31,53.(in Chinese)
[13] 滕树川.提高丹参中药材出苗率的研究[J].种子,2004,23(7):68-69.
[14] 郑守贵,刘克荣,郑世千,等.叶菜型甘薯鄂菜薯1号大棚越冬早春育苗试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(18):77-78,81.
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[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:34-441.
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[18] 姚德生,何彦峰.狭叶冬青不同基质配比容器育苗试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):156-160.YAO D S,HE Y F.Seedlings growth of Ilex fargesii on different fursery container media[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(6):156-160.(in Chinese)
[19] KLOCK K A,FITZPATRICK G E.Growth of impatiens ‘accent red’ in three compost products[J].Compost Science & Utilization,1997,5 (4):26-30.
[20] ZHANG L,SUN X Y,TIAN Y,et al.Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis[J].Scientia Horticulture,2014,176:70-78.
[21] 曹静,朱传军,周岚,等.牛粪和绿化废弃物堆肥替代泥炭作为栽培基质对刺槐生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):100-104.CAO J,ZHU C J,ZHOU L,et al.Effects of cow dung and green waste composts used as substitutes of peat matrix on growth of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2017,46(2):100-104.(in Chinese)
[22] 李婧,郁继华,颉建明,等.育苗基质中腐熟牛粪用量对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(4):38-42,47.LI J,YU J H,XIE J M,et al.Effects of decomposed cow dung content in seedling substrates on quality of pepper plug seedling[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(4):38-42,47.(in Chinese)
[23] 尹程程.番茄和甜椒集约化育苗基质适宜理化性状指标研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[24] ABAD M,NOGUERA P,SILVIA B.National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production:case study in Spain[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,77(2):197-200.
[25] GARCIA-GOMEZ A,BERNAL M P,ROIG A.Growth of ornamental plants in two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2002,83(1):81-87.
[26] 柴靖哲.河北省盐碱地耐盐草本植物筛选与应用研究——以沧州黄骅为例[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[27] 赵振宇.不同配比基质对黄瓜穴盘育苗生长的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[28] 王书瑞,关向军,姚琴,等.北方地区辣木育苗基质对出苗率影响研究[J].黑龙江科学,2017,8(17):1-3.WANG S R,GUAN X J,YAO Q,et al.The influence of nursery substrate on seedling emergence rate of M.oleifera in the North of China[J].Heilongjiang Science,2017,8(17):1-3.(in Chinese)
[2] 田雪慧,田航军.金盏菊促成育苗技术[J].陕西农业科学,2009,55(4):218-218.
[3] 郑汉臣.金盏菊[J].林业与生态,2010(10):37.
[4] 田雪慧.金盏菊夏季工厂化穴盘育苗技术[J].科学种养,2008(7):21-22.
[5] 刘帅成,何洪城,曾琴.国内外育苗基质研究进展[J].北方园艺,2014(15):205-208.LIU S C,HE H C,ZENG Q.Research progress of seedling substrates at home and abroad[J].Northern Horticulture,2014(15):205-208.(in Chinese)
[6] 李燕,孙向阳,龚小强,等.蚯蚓堆肥替代草炭作为甘蓝和西葫芦育苗基质研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(5):549-554.LI Y,SUN X Y,GONG X Q,et al.Substitution of Vermicompost for peat as Brassica oleracea L.and Cu-curbita pepo L.seedling substrates[J].Journal of Jilin Agricultural University,2015,37(5):549-554.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘佳.园林废弃物堆肥化研究及应用[D].天津:天津城市建设学院,2012.
[8] 龚小强,孙向阳,李燕,等.组配改良剂对园林废弃物堆肥基质理化性质及鸟巢蕨生长影响[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(5):126-132.GONG X Q,SUN X Y,LI Y,et al.Effects of combined amendments on physicochemical properties of green waste compost substrates and growth of Asplenium nidus[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(5):126-132.(in Chinese)
[9] 张璐.园林绿化废弃物堆肥化的过程控制及其产品改良与应用研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[10] 吉向平,孙乐帆,邓新兵,等.应用堆肥产品调配育苗基质的性状及花卉育苗试验[J].海南热带海洋学院学报,2017,24(2):85-90.JI X P,SUN L F,DENG X B,et al.Deployment of substrate properties via compost product and flower seedlings growing test[J].Journal of Hainan Tropical Ocean University,2017,24(2):85-90.(in Chinese)
[11] 张璐,孙向阳,田赟.园林废弃物堆肥用于青苹果竹芋栽培研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2011,33(5):109-114.ZHANG L,SUN X Y,TIAN Y.Application of green waste compost for Calathca rotundifola cv.Fasciata cultivation[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2011,33(5):109-114.(in Chinese)
[12] 潘林,祝亚云,蒋泽平,等.添加园林废弃物堆肥基质对栓皮栎容器苗生长的影响[J].江苏林业科技,2018,45(1):28-31,53.PAN L,ZHU Y Y,JIANG Z P,et al.Effect of green waste compost substrate on containerized Quercus variabilis seedling growth[J].Journal of Jiangsu Forestry Science & Technology,2018,45(1):28-31,53.(in Chinese)
[13] 滕树川.提高丹参中药材出苗率的研究[J].种子,2004,23(7):68-69.
[14] 郑守贵,刘克荣,郑世千,等.叶菜型甘薯鄂菜薯1号大棚越冬早春育苗试验研究[J].现代农业科技,2014(18):77-78,81.
[15] 田赟.园林废弃物堆肥化处理及其产品的应用研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.
[16] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000:34-441.
[17] 李苏翼.废弃物堆肥化基质性状调控及对无土草坪生长的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[18] 姚德生,何彦峰.狭叶冬青不同基质配比容器育苗试验研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(6):156-160.YAO D S,HE Y F.Seedlings growth of Ilex fargesii on different fursery container media[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(6):156-160.(in Chinese)
[19] KLOCK K A,FITZPATRICK G E.Growth of impatiens ‘accent red’ in three compost products[J].Compost Science & Utilization,1997,5 (4):26-30.
[20] ZHANG L,SUN X Y,TIAN Y,et al.Biochar and humic acid amendments improve the quality of composted green waste as a growth medium for the ornamental plant Calathea insignis[J].Scientia Horticulture,2014,176:70-78.
[21] 曹静,朱传军,周岚,等.牛粪和绿化废弃物堆肥替代泥炭作为栽培基质对刺槐生长的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(2):100-104.CAO J,ZHU C J,ZHOU L,et al.Effects of cow dung and green waste composts used as substitutes of peat matrix on growth of Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2017,46(2):100-104.(in Chinese)
[22] 李婧,郁继华,颉建明,等.育苗基质中腐熟牛粪用量对辣椒穴盘苗质量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2012,47(4):38-42,47.LI J,YU J H,XIE J M,et al.Effects of decomposed cow dung content in seedling substrates on quality of pepper plug seedling[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2012,47(4):38-42,47.(in Chinese)
[23] 尹程程.番茄和甜椒集约化育苗基质适宜理化性状指标研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015.
[24] ABAD M,NOGUERA P,SILVIA B.National inventory of organic wastes for use as growing media for ornamental potted plant production:case study in Spain[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,77(2):197-200.
[25] GARCIA-GOMEZ A,BERNAL M P,ROIG A.Growth of ornamental plants in two composts prepared from agroindustrial wastes[J].Bioresource Technology,2002,83(1):81-87.
[26] 柴靖哲.河北省盐碱地耐盐草本植物筛选与应用研究——以沧州黄骅为例[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[27] 赵振宇.不同配比基质对黄瓜穴盘育苗生长的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[28] 王书瑞,关向军,姚琴,等.北方地区辣木育苗基质对出苗率影响研究[J].黑龙江科学,2017,8(17):1-3.WANG S R,GUAN X J,YAO Q,et al.The influence of nursery substrate on seedling emergence rate of M.oleifera in the North of China[J].Heilongjiang Science,2017,8(17):1-3.(in Chinese)
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