基于三维扫描和三维雕刻技术的岩石结构面原状重构方法及其力学特性
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摘要
为了客观重复制作与原岩结构面的岩性、表面形态和力学性质完全一致的试样,集成三维扫描和三维雕刻技术,提出了原岩结构面试样重构新方法。采用该方法制作了具有相同表面形态的大理岩结构面试样,开展了不同法向力下的直剪试验,并采用声发射技术对结构面剪切破坏过程进行了监测。结果表明:重构结构面试样与原始结构面试样具有高度相似性;结构面剪应力-剪切位移曲线可分为两类:剪胀滑移型和剪断跌落型;剪切破坏后结构面可明显地划分为两个区域:剪胀脱开区和剪断磨损区;提出了结构面剪切强度新公式,理论公式与试验结果更接近;结构面剪切过程中剪应力、能量率、计数、撞击率随时间的变化规律具有较好的一致性,声发射定位位置与剪切过程中结构面损伤破坏区域基本吻合。
To prepare samples with the same lithology, surface morphology and mechanical characteristics as those of natural rock structural planes, a new method was proposed to originally reproduce rock structural planes by integrating 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques. Marble structural plane samples with the same natural surface shape were made using this new method. Shear tests were carried out on the prepared samples at different normal stresses. In addition, the acoustic emission(AE) technique was used to monitor failure processes of marble structural planes. The results indicate that the reproduced samples are accurately similar to the original samples with natural structural plane. The curves of shear stress and shear displacement can be divided into sliding type and cutting type. The shear failure structural plane can be categorised into dilatancy zone and abrasion zone. A new formula of shear strength is put forward, and theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental results. The change laws of shear stress and AE energy rate, count and hit with time are consistent, and the location of AE events is similar to the asperity damage positions during the shear test.
To prepare samples with the same lithology, surface morphology and mechanical characteristics as those of natural rock structural planes, a new method was proposed to originally reproduce rock structural planes by integrating 3D scanning and 3D carving techniques. Marble structural plane samples with the same natural surface shape were made using this new method. Shear tests were carried out on the prepared samples at different normal stresses. In addition, the acoustic emission(AE) technique was used to monitor failure processes of marble structural planes. The results indicate that the reproduced samples are accurately similar to the original samples with natural structural plane. The curves of shear stress and shear displacement can be divided into sliding type and cutting type. The shear failure structural plane can be categorised into dilatancy zone and abrasion zone. A new formula of shear strength is put forward, and theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental results. The change laws of shear stress and AE energy rate, count and hit with time are consistent, and the location of AE events is similar to the asperity damage positions during the shear test.
引文
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[16]熊祖强,江权,龚彦华,等.基于三维扫描与打印的岩体自然结构面试样制作方法与剪切试验验证[J].岩土力学,2015,36(6):1566-1572.XIONG Zu-qiang,JIANG Quan,GONG Yan-hua,et al.Modeling natural joint of rock mass using three dimensional scanning and printing technologies and its experimental verification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(6):1566-1572.
[17]PATTON F D.Multiple model of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of 1st Cong.ISRM.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n],1996:509-513.
[18]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and pratice[J].Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches,1997,1(10):1-54.
[19]LADANYI B,ARCHAMBAULT G.Simulation of shear behaviour of a jointed rock mass[C]//Proceedings of the11th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).Berkeley,California:[s.n.],1970:105-125.
[20]宋磊博,江权,李元辉,等.不同采样间隔下结构面形貌特征和各向异性特征的统计参数稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1121-1132.SONG Lei-bo,JIANG Quan,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Stability of statistical parameters discontinuities morphology and anisotropy based on different sampling intervals[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1121-1132.
[21]TSE R,CRUDEN D M.Estimating joint roughness coefficients[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1979,16(5):303-307.
[2]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.GU De-zhen.Basic mechanics of engineering geology for rock mass[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979.
[3]李美蓉,陈媛,张林,等.复杂地质条件下多结构面对重力坝坝基稳定性的影响及处理[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):328-333.LI Mei-rong,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Impacts of multi-structural planes on gravity dam foundation stability and treatment under complex geological conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Supp.1):328-333.
[4]ZHANG C Q,FENG X T,ZHOU H,et al.Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):275-288.
[5]GRAASSELLI G,WIRTH J,EGGER P.Quantitative three-dimensional description of a rough surface and parameter evolution with shearing[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(6):789-800.
[6]唐志成,夏才初,宋英龙.粗糙节理的峰值抗剪强度准[J].岩土工程学报,2013,35(3):571-577.TANG Zhi-cheng,XIA Cai-chu,SONG Ying-long.New peak shear strength criterion for roughness joints[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013,35(3):571-577.
[7]UENG Tzou-shin,JOU Yue-jian,PENG I-hui.Scale efffect on shear strength of computer-aided-manufactured joints[J].Journal of Geo Engineering,2010,5(2):29-37.
[8]李海波,刘博,冯海鹏,等.模拟岩石节理试样剪切变形特征和破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(7):1741-1746.LI Hai-bo,LIU Bo,FENG Hai-peng,et al.Study of deformability behaviour and failure mechanism by simulating rock joints sample under different loading conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(7):1741-1746.
[9]沈明荣,张清照.规则齿型结构面剪切特性的模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):713-719.SHEN Ming-rong,ZHANG Qing-zhao.Experimental study of shear deformation characteristics of rock mass discontinuities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):713-719.
[10]朱小明,李海波,刘博,等.含一阶和二阶起伏体节理剪切强度的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,201130(9):1810-1818.ZHU Xiao-ming,LI Hai-bo,LIU Bo,et al.Experimental study of shear strength of joints with first-order and second-order asperities[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(9):1810-1818.
[11]OHNISHI Y,HERDA H,YOSHINAKA R.Shear strength scale effect and the geometry of single and repeated rock joints[C]//Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Scale Effect in Rock Massess.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n.],1993:167-176.
[12]CASTELLI M,SAVIA S,ZANINETI A.Experimental evaluation of scale effect on the mechanical behavior of rock joints[C]//Proceedings of International Eurock Symposium.Espoo,Finland:[s.n.],2001:205-210.
[13]罗战友,杜时贵,黄曼,等.一种直剪试验结构面模型的制作方法:中国,CN20091015478.9[P].2010-06-02.LUO Zhan-you,DU Shi-gui,HUANG Man,et al.A new method to make rock joint mould for direct shear test:China,CN20091015478.9[P].2010-06-02.
[14]杜时贵,黄曼,罗战友,等.岩石结构面力学原型试验相似材料研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(11):2263-2270.DU Shi-gui,HUANG Man,LUO Zhan-you,et al.Similar material study of mechanical prototype test of rock structural plane[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(11):2263-2270.
[15]黄曼,罗战友,杜时贵,等.系列尺度岩石结构面相似表面模型制作的逆向控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(4):1211-1216.HUANG Man,LUO Zhan-you,DU Shi-gui,et al.Study of inverse controlling technology for series scales similar surface model making of rock structural plane[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(4):1211-1216.
[16]熊祖强,江权,龚彦华,等.基于三维扫描与打印的岩体自然结构面试样制作方法与剪切试验验证[J].岩土力学,2015,36(6):1566-1572.XIONG Zu-qiang,JIANG Quan,GONG Yan-hua,et al.Modeling natural joint of rock mass using three dimensional scanning and printing technologies and its experimental verification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(6):1566-1572.
[17]PATTON F D.Multiple model of shear failure in rock[C]//Proceedings of 1st Cong.ISRM.Lisbon,Portugal:[s.n],1996:509-513.
[18]BARTON N,CHOUBEY V.The shear strength of rock joints in theory and pratice[J].Rock Mechanics Felsmechanik Mecanique des Roches,1997,1(10):1-54.
[19]LADANYI B,ARCHAMBAULT G.Simulation of shear behaviour of a jointed rock mass[C]//Proceedings of the11th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics(USRMS).Berkeley,California:[s.n.],1970:105-125.
[20]宋磊博,江权,李元辉,等.不同采样间隔下结构面形貌特征和各向异性特征的统计参数稳定性研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(4):1121-1132.SONG Lei-bo,JIANG Quan,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Stability of statistical parameters discontinuities morphology and anisotropy based on different sampling intervals[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(4):1121-1132.
[21]TSE R,CRUDEN D M.Estimating joint roughness coefficients[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1979,16(5):303-307.