社区主客观特征对社区满意度的影响机理——以上海市郊区为例
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摘要
在以人为本发展理念的指导下,城市研究与规划越来越关注城市生活空间的构建与居民生活质量的提升,社区满意度研究的重要性不断增加。在郊区快速发展和社区生活圈构建的背景下,论文基于对上海市郊区居民活动日志调查的一手数据,在Campbell模型的基础上建立理论模型,从客观和主观相结合的视角出发,聚焦社区客观建成环境、社区主观感知特征和社区满意度三者之间的影响机理,并利用结构方程模型开展实证研究。研究结果表明:居民的社区感知情况对社区满意度有直接性和决定性的影响,居民对社区的健康、便利、安全和美观情况的感知对社区满意度都存在显著的正影响;社区的密度、可达性、设施等客观建成环境通过影响社区感知特征而间接地影响社区满意度;居民的社会经济属性对社区感知特征和社区满意度的影响甚微,影响郊区居民社区满意度的主要因素是社区特征。
With human-centered development as the key principle of urban development in China, urban studies and urban planning are paying more attention to the construction of urban living space and the improvement of residents' life quality, and the importance of research on residents' neighborhood satisfaction is increasing. Under the background of rapid suburbanization and the construction of community life circle, this study used primary data on residents' daily activities and travel behaviors from 10 towns in the Shanghai suburbs to empirically investigate residents' neighborhood satisfaction. We constructed a theoretical model based on Campbell's Model,and then examined the interactions between neighborhood built environment, perceived neighborhood characteristics, and residents' neighborhood satisfaction by combining subjective and objective assessments. A structural equation model was used to verify the impact pathways and mechanisms. The results show that perceived neighborhood characteristics have direct and decisive influences on residents' neighborhood satisfaction, and residents' perceptions on the neighborhood situation of health, convenience, safety, and appearance all have significant positive impacts on residents' satisfaction. Factors of the built environment such as density, accessibility, and facility situation impact residents' satisfaction indirectly through perceived neighborhood characteristics. Residents' socioeconomic characteristics have little influence on their neighborhood satisfaction,and the main influencing factors of residents' satisfaction are neighborhood characteristics.
With human-centered development as the key principle of urban development in China, urban studies and urban planning are paying more attention to the construction of urban living space and the improvement of residents' life quality, and the importance of research on residents' neighborhood satisfaction is increasing. Under the background of rapid suburbanization and the construction of community life circle, this study used primary data on residents' daily activities and travel behaviors from 10 towns in the Shanghai suburbs to empirically investigate residents' neighborhood satisfaction. We constructed a theoretical model based on Campbell's Model,and then examined the interactions between neighborhood built environment, perceived neighborhood characteristics, and residents' neighborhood satisfaction by combining subjective and objective assessments. A structural equation model was used to verify the impact pathways and mechanisms. The results show that perceived neighborhood characteristics have direct and decisive influences on residents' neighborhood satisfaction, and residents' perceptions on the neighborhood situation of health, convenience, safety, and appearance all have significant positive impacts on residents' satisfaction. Factors of the built environment such as density, accessibility, and facility situation impact residents' satisfaction indirectly through perceived neighborhood characteristics. Residents' socioeconomic characteristics have little influence on their neighborhood satisfaction,and the main influencing factors of residents' satisfaction are neighborhood characteristics.
引文
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(1)方差分析采用社区满意度作为因变量,选取社会经济属性、社区感知特征两大类共13个指标作为自变量,用SPSS 22.0软件进行检验。
陈卉,甄峰.2016.信息通讯技术对老年人的社区满意度影响路径:以南京市锁金社区为例[J].地理科学进展,35(9):1167-1176.[Chen H,Zhen F.2016.Impact of ICT on community satisfaction among elderly:The case of Suojin Community in Nanjing City.Progress in Geography,35(9):1167-1176.]
党云晓,余建辉,张文忠,等.2016.环渤海地区城市居住环境满意度评价及影响因素分析[J].地理科学进展,35(2):184-194.[Dang Y X,Yu J H,Zhang W Z,et al.2016.Satisfaction evaluation of living environment and influencing factors in the Bohai Rim area.Progress in Geography,35(2):184-194.]
段雪辉.2016.大型居住社区居民社区满意度研究[J].城市观察,(1):85-95.[Duan X H.2016.Research on community satisfaction of residents in large residential communities.Urban Insight,(1):85-95.]
冯健,林文盛.2017.苏州老城区衰退邻里居住满意度及影响因素[J].地理科学进展,36(2):159-170.[Feng J,Lin W S.2017.Residential satisfaction level and influencing factors of declining old town residents in Suzhou.Progress in Geography,36(2):159-170.]
顾朝林.2017.基于地方分权的城市治理模式研究:以新城新区为例[J].城市发展研究,24(2):70-78.[Gu C L.2017.Research on urban governance models based on decentralization:Focus on new towns and new development areas.Urban Development Studies,24(2):70-78.]
何深静,齐晓玲.2014.广州市三类社区居住满意度与迁居意愿研究[J].地理科学,34(11):1327-1336.[He S J,Qi X L.2014.Determinantd of relocation satisfaction and relocation intention in Chinese Cities:An empirical investigation on three types of residential neighborhood in Guangzhou.Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(11):1327-1336.]
简·雅各布斯.2006.美国大城市的死与生[M].南京:译林出版社:25-47.[Jacobs J.2006.The death and life of great american cities.Nanjing,China:Yilin Press:25-47.]
李俊峰,高凌宇,马作幸.2017.跨江择居居民的居住满意度及影响因素:以南京市浦口区为例[J].地理研究,36(12):2383-2392.[Li J F,Gao L Y,Ma Z X.2017.Residential satisfaction and its influencing factors of the residents choosing to live trans-Yangtze River.Geographical Research,36(12):2383-2392.]
刘志林,廖露,钮晨琳.2015.社区社会资本对居住满意度的影响:基于北京市中低收入社区调查的实证分析[J].人文地理,30(3):21-27,71.[Liu Z L,Liao L,Niu C L.2015.Residential satisfaction of community social capital:an empirical study of middle and low income residents in urban Beijing.Human Geography,30(3):21-27,71.]
宁越敏.2012.中国城市化特点、问题及治理[J].南京社会科学,(10):19-27.[Ning Y M.2012.A study on the urbanization,urban problems and solution in China.Social Sciences in Nanjing,(10):19-27.]
仇保兴.2012.新型城镇化:从概念到行动[J].行政管理改革,(11):11-18.[Qiu B X.2012.New urbanization:From conception to action.Administration Reform,(11):11-18.]
单菁菁.2008.社区归属感与社区满意度[J].城市问题,(3):58-64.[Shan J J.2008.Community attachment and community satisfaction.Urban Problems,(3):58-64.]
上海市人民政府.2016.上海市城市总体规划2017-2035[Z].上海.[Shanghai Municipal Peoples Government.2016.Shanghai master plan 2017-2035.Shanghai,China.]
申悦,柴彦威.2013.基于GPS数据的北京市郊区巨型社区居民日常活动空间[J].地理学报,68(4):506-516.[Shen Y,Chai Y W.2013.Daily activity space of suburban mega-community residents in Beijing based on GPS data.Acta Geographica Sinica,68(4):506-516.]
申悦,柴彦威.2017.基于性别比较的北京城市居民活动的时空弹性研究[J].地理学报,72(12):2214-2225.[Shen Y,Chai Y W.2017.Space-time flexibility of daily activities and gender differences:A case study of Beijing.Acta Geographica Sinica,72(12):2214-2225.]
申悦,柴彦威.2018.基于日常活动空间的社会空间分异研究进展[J].地理科学进展,37(6):853-862.[Shen Y,Chai Y W.2018.Progress of research on sociospatial differentiation based on daily activity space of urban residents.Progress in Geography,37(6):853-862.]
申悦,塔娜,柴彦威.2017.基于生活空间与活动空间视角的郊区空间研究框架[J].人文地理,32(4):1-6.[Shen Y,Ta N,Chai Y W.2017.Research framework of suburban space based on perspective of living space and activity space.Human Geography,32(4):1-6.]
王丰龙,王冬根.2015.主观幸福感度量研究进展及其对智慧城市建设的启示[J].地理科学进展,34(4):482-493.[Wang F L,Wang D G.2015.Measures of subjective well-being:A review.Progress in Geography,34(4):482-493.]
王娟.2016.城中村改造安置区村民居住满意度调查:以郑州城中村改造为例[J].建筑学报,14(S1):86-89.[Wang J.2016.A study of living satisfaction in the urban village relocation areas:The case of Zhengzhou urban villages.Architectural Journal,14(S1):86-89.]
魏立华,闫小培.2006.大城市郊区化中社会空间的“非均衡破碎化”:以广州市为例[J].城市规划,30(5):55-60,87.[Wei L H,Yan X P.2006.Unbalanced and segmented urban social space in suburbanization:A case of metropolis Guangzhou of China.City Planning Review,30(5):55-60,87.]
吴缚龙,沈洁.2015.中国城市的郊区开发和治理[J].国际城市规划,30(6):27-33.[Wu F L,Shen J.2015.Suburban development and governance in China.Urban Planning International,30(6):27-33.]
奚东帆,吴秋晴,张敏清,等.2017.面向2040年的上海社区生活圈规划与建设路径探索[J].上海城市规划,(4):65-69.[Xi D F,Wu Q Q,Zhang M Q,et al.2017.Exploration of planning and construction of community living circle in Shanghai facing 2040.Shanghai Urban Planning Review,(4):65-69.]
夏永久,朱喜钢.2013.城市被动式动迁居民社区满意度评价研究:以南京为例[J].地理科学,33(8):918-925.[Xia Y J,Zhu X G.2013.The evaluation of urban forced movers'community satisfaction:A case study of Nanjing.Scientia Geographica Sinica,33(8):918-925.]
许丹纯,俞守华,区晶莹.2014.新市民社区生活满意度调查[J].城市问题,(10):96-100.[Xu D C,Yu S H,Qu J Y.2014.Research of new citizens life satisfaction in new communities.Urban Problems,(10):96-100.]
姚士谋,张平宇,余成,等.2014.中国新型城镇化理论与实践问题[J].地理科学,34(6):641-647.[Yao S M,Zhang P Y,Yu C,et al.2014.The theory and practice of new urbanization in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,34(6):641-647.]
袁媛,丁凯丽,曹新宇,等.2018.社区满意度及影响因素研究方法综述[J].城市发展研究,25(10):105-111.[Yuan Y,Ding K L,Cao X Y,et al.2018.A review of neighborhood satisfaction.Urban Development Studies,25(10):105-111.]
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(1)方差分析采用社区满意度作为因变量,选取社会经济属性、社区感知特征两大类共13个指标作为自变量,用SPSS 22.0软件进行检验。